ASTM E1285-01

Standard Guide for Identification of Bacteriophage Lambda (λ) or Its DNA

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the procedures for identifying bacteriophage lambda used in biotechnology.
1.2 There are hundreds of lambda variants that can be used for biotechnology. These lambda variants are derived from wild type lambda and differ in genome size and genotype.
1.3 If the bacteriophage lambda is to be used to construct a recombinant molecule, then the same criteria as prescribed in Section 5 should be used to characterize the newly made DNA.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2001
• ICS: 07.100.10 - Medical microbiology
• Technical Committee: E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1285-89(2000) - Standard Guide for Identification of Bacteriophage Lambda ([lambda]) or Its DNA
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM E1285-06 - Standard Guide for Identification of Bacteriophage Lambda (λ) or Its DNA (Withdrawn 2014)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2001
• Referred By: ASTM E2363-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Products in the Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Industry
• Effective Date: 10-May-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1285 – 01
Standard Guide for
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Identification of Bacteriophage Lambda (l) or Its DNA
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This guide is intended to determine the identification of bacteriophage lambda or its DNA. The
objective is to describe laboratory characterization procedures that are sufficient to verify that a
biological preparation believed to contain lambda or lambda DNA for use in any step of a
biotechnology process actually does contain this bacteriophage or its DNA.
This guide assumes a basic knowledge of virology and molecular biology.
1. Scope 3.1.6 vector—a fragment of DNA usually containing an
originofreplicationthatisengineeredtoacceptaforeignpiece
1.1 This guide covers the procedures for identifying bacte-
of DNA.
riophage lambda used in biotechnology.
3.1.7 wild type—the naturally occurring, original isolate.
1.2 There are hundreds of lambda variants that can be used
for biotechnology. These lambda variants are derived from
4. General Information
wild type lambda and differ in genome size and genotype.
4.1 Bacteriophagelambdaisatemperatebacteriophagewith
1.3 If the bacteriophage lambda is to be used to construct a
an icosahedral head about 50 nm in diameter.There is a single,
recombinant molecule, then the same criteria as prescribed in
non-contractile tail about 150 nm long, ending in a single tail
Section 5 should be used to characterize the newly made DNA.
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fiber.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 The genome of lambda consists of a single molecule of
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linear double-stranded DNAwith a length of about 49 kilobase
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pairs for wild type lambda. The ends of the genome are
E 1873 Guide for Detection of Nucleic Acid Sequences by
cohesive; DNA molecule is terminated by single-stranded
the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique
regions of complementary base sequence allowing circulariza-
3. Terminology
tion of a molecule. The sequence of the entire phage genome
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has been determined.
3.1 Definitions:
4.3 The naturally preferred host is Escherichia coli K12.
3.1.1 bacteriophage—a virus that infects bacteria.
The wild type phage makes turbid plaques. Many variants,
3.1.2 induction—the relief of repression of transcription of
however, have mutations in the cI gene encoding repressor.
lysogenic phage genes encoding the functions for lytic growth,
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These variants produce clear plaques.
so that the phage will grow lytically.
4.4 Bacteriophage lambda are used primarily as DNA vec-
3.1.3 lysogen—a bacterial strain that has a phage stably
tors for cloning DNA fragments. These vectors have been
maintained. In the case of lambda, the phage is integrated into
engineered to accept easily the foreign DNA. The DNA
the host genome. The integrated phage is called a prophage.
sequences of many vectors have been altered from the wild
3.1.4 multiplicity of infection—the ratio of infecting phage
type, that is, whole (nonessential) regions have been deleted.
to host bacteria.
Wild type lambda DNA, when cut with restriction enzymes, is
3.1.5 temperate bacteriophage—a bacteriophage that can
used also as molecular weight markers in polyacrylamide or
grow lytically, killing the host, or can exist stably in the host.
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agarose gel electrophoresis. Mice transgenic for bacterioph-
agelambdahavebeenconstructedtoenablemutationdetection
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4,5
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE48onBiotechnology
in the mouse genome.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E48.02 on Characterization and
Identification of Biological Systems.
Current edition approved May 10, 2001. Published July, 2001. Orginally
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published as E1285–89. Last previous edition E 1285–89 (2000). Hendrix, R., Roberts, J., Stahl, F., and Weisberg, R., Lambda II, Cold Spring
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1983.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Gossen, J.A., De Leeuw, W.J.F., Tan, C.H.T., Zwarthoff, E.C., Berends, F.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Lohman, P.H.M., Knook, K.L. and Vijg, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 86,
the ASTM website. 1989, pp.7971–7975.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E1285–01
5. Bacteriophage Growth and Purification 6. Characterization
5.1 Phage can be grown by any one of a number of 6.1 Inasmuc
...