ASTM D5343-06(2018)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests. This methodology can only be applied to assess product performance on typical bathroom soils and is not inclusive of all potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroom surfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfaces other than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is no confirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface or substrate types.
5.2 The results of tests based on this guide are regarded as diagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies, quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. The results of this guide should be compared to control treatments, which are incorporated into each performance evaluation. These results should be considered to be relative to all other treatments in the study and are not absolute values. For interlaboratory comparisons, exact treatment conditions must be established and then results should be compared as relative ranking to the control treatments rather than as absolute values.
5.3 This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the detergent is prepared by dissolving a soluble powder, a dilutable liquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful for evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with industrial or institutional cleaners.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning performance of products intended for use on ceramic tiles. This guide provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating performance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical, hard-surface cleaning conditions.
Note 1: The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as “soap scum.”
1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces or washable wall surfaces. The products for which this guide is intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent, dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid, wipes, powders, or paste.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5343 − 06 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning perfor- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
manceofproductsintendedforuseonceramictiles.Thisguide D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating per- Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
formance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical, D2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-
hard-surface cleaning conditions. rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances (With-
drawn 2013)
NOTE 1—The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as
“soap scum.”
3. Terminology
1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of
3.1.1 bathroom soil—thesoilcomposedofmaterialspresent
ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating
on typical bathroom surfaces.
performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces
3.1.2 cycle—a cycle is defined as being both the back and
such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces
forth strokes on the scrubbing apparatus.
or washable wall surfaces.The products for which this guide is
intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent,
3.1.3 soil—in hard surface cleaning, foreign matter on a
dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended
hard surface such as a ceramic tile.
to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid,
3.1.4 substrate—the soiled surface that is being cleaned.
wipes, powders, or paste.
4. Summary of Guide
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Soils are artificially applied in a standardized manner to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a ceramic tile surface. The soiled surfaces are cleaned using a
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
straight-line washability apparatus, and the cleaned substrates
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are evaluated using reflectance measurements, or visually by a
Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review
panelofjudges.Aschematicdiagramofthesoilcompositionis
them for hazards prior to usage.
summarized in Fig. 1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 5. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
This methodology can only be applied to assess product
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
performance on typical bathroom soils and is not inclusive of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
all potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroom
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.16 on Hard contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Surface Cleaning. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
ɛ1 3
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5343 – 06(2012) . The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5343-06R18. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
D5343 − 06 (2018)
6.2.1 Super Soil® Brand Potting Soil , from local store,
6.2.2 Palmitic Acid, reagent grade,
6.2.3 Stearic Acid, powder, triple pressed,
6.2.4 Coconut Oil,
6.2.5 Paraffın Wax,
6.2.6 Sperm Wax,
6.2.7 Olive Oil,
6.2.8 Squalene,
6.2.9 Cholesterol,
6.2.10 Oleic Acid,
6.2.11 Linoleic Acid, purified,
6.2.12 Sodium Stearate, technical grade,
6.2.13 Ferric Chloride, hexahydrate, FeCl ·6H O,
3 2
6.2.14 Calcium Stearate, technical grade,
6.2.15 Magnesium Stearate,
6.2.16 Carbon Lampblack,
FIG. 1 Bathroom Soil Composition
6.2.17 Distilled Water, and
6.2.18 Synthetic Hard Water, 100 ppm hardness, as CaCO ,
+2 +2
3:1 Ca :Mg .
6.3 Equipment:
surfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfaces
6.3.1 Balance,
other than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is no
6.3.2 Stirplate/Hotplate, two,
confirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface or
6.3.3 Magnetic Stirbars, two,
substrate types.
6.3.4 Beakers, 4000 mL, 2000 mL, 1000 mL, 600 mL
5.2 The results of tests based on this guide are regarded as
(metal), and 500 mL,
diagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies,
6.3.5 Forced Draft Oven, capable of 110 6 5°C,
quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. The
6.3.6 Buchner Funnel, 500 mL,
results of this guide should be compared to control treatments,
6.3.7 Vacuum Flask, 2000 mL,
which are incorporated into each performance evaluation.
6.3.8 Filter Paper, Whatman 1,
These results should be considered to be relative to all other
6.3.9 Separatory Funnel, 500 mL,
treatments in the study and are not absolute values. For
6.3.10 Ring Stand and Ring, to fit separatory funnel,
interlaboratory comparisons, exact treatment conditions must
6.3.11 Mortar and Pestle,
be established and then results should be compared as relative
6.3.12 Sieve, 14 mesh,
rankingtothecontroltreatmentsratherthanasabsolutevalues.
6.3.13 Ball Mill and Ceramic Jar, with 1-in. diameter
5.3 This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-
ceramic cylinders,
purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the deter-
6.3.14 Cookie Sheet,
gent is prepared by dissolving a soluble powder, a dilutable
6.3.15 Replacement Mini Trimmer Paint Pads, two,
liquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful for
6.3.16 Refrigeration, for storage, 35°F (1.67°C), and
evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with
6.3.17 Plastic Disposable Pipets.
industrial or institutional cleaners.
6.4 Procedure:
6. Preparation of Soil
Pre-mix No. 1 Preparation
6.4.1 Synthetic Sebum Soil :
6.1 Summary of Method—White ceramic tiles are soiled
6.4.1.1 Prepare synthetic sebum soil using the following
with a composite soil composed of two separate preblends.
constituents:
One preblend consists of a mixture of synthetic sebum, metal
stearates, carbon black, and dirt. The second preblend is a
Constituent Weight %
predissolved sodium stearate solution. Soil is applied using a
Palmitic acid 10.0
painting pad applicator. The soiled tiles can be stored for up to
Stearic acid 5.0
three months when stored at 35°F (1.67°C). The soiled Coconut oil 15.0
Paraffin wax 10.0
substrate is scrubbed with a fine-celled sponge, to which the
Sperm wax 15.0
detergent system being tested has been applied, or with a damp
Olive oil 20.0
sponge when the product is to be applied to the soil surface.
Squalene 5.0
Cleaning performance is evaluated by comparing reflectance
measurements made on the clean/unsoiled test panel, soiled
panel (untreated), and on the soiled panel after scrubbing with
(Since 1954); a subsidiary of The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, 14111 Scotts
a straight-line washability apparatus. Results can be either a Lawn Rd., Marysville, OH 43041.
SpanglersSebumiscommerciallyavailableandhasbeenfoundsuitableforthis
visual rating or calculated as a percentage of soil removed.
purpose.ScientificServicesS/D,Inc.,42MainSt.,P.O.Box778,SparrowBush,NY
6.2 Materials: 12780.
D5343 − 06 (2018)
6.4.4.2 Spread1000to1500gofthesievedpottingsoilover
Cholesterol 5.0
Oleic acid 10.0
a cookie sheet and dry in a forced-draft oven at 110°C for 16
Linoleic acid 5.0
to 24 h until moisture is completely removed.
Total 100.0
6.4.4.3 Fill the Ball Mill jar halfway with the ceramic
6.4.1.2 Weigh the oils out into one beaker. Then weigh the
cylinders. Place the sieved soil in the jar. Clamp the lid
powders out into another beaker. Weigh the paraffin wax and
securely onto the jar and run the Ball Mill for a minimum of 4
sperm wax into a third beaker.
h. The SuperSoil® dirt is now ready for use.
6.4.1.3 Warm the oils on a hot plate, but do not allow
6.4.4.4 The SuperSoil® dirt may be stored in a closed
mixture temperature to exceed 54°C. Add powders and stir
container for up to one year.
until dissolved.
6.4.5 Final Premix No. 1 Preparation:
6.4.1.4 Addtheparaffinwaxandspermwaxandstiruntilall
6.4.5.1 Composition:
ingredients are dissolved.
Constituent Target Weight, g
6.4.1.5 Pour the sebum into a glass jar and refrigerate at
Synthetic sebum soil 4.5
35°F (1.67°C). The sebum may be stored at 35°F (1.67°C) for
Stearate premix 3.0
up to six months.
Carbon black 0.6
6.4.2 Iron Stearate Preparation—Iron stearate is not com- SuperSoil® dirt 1.5
Total 9.6
mercially available and must, therefore, be prepared in the lab.
The following reaction is used to prepare iron stearate: 6.4.5.2 Melt the sebum in a 600-mLmetal beaker in a warm
waterbathat65to70°C.Inordertoensurehomogeneityofthe
3 Na Stearate11 FeCl ·6H O→3 NaCl11 FeStearate (1)
3 2 3
sebum, the mixture in the jar needs to be completely melted
6.4.2.1 Dissolve 15 g of FeCl ·6H O in 285 g of distilled
prior to sampling.
3 2
water.Poursolutionintoa500-mLseparatoryfunnel.Setaside
6.4.5.3 Add the remaining ingredients in the following
until needed.
order: stearate premix, carbon black, and SuperSoil® dirt. Mix
6.4.2.2 Add 40.5 g of sodium stearate to 1960 g of distilled after each addition until homogeneous.
waterina4000-mLbeaker.Stirmixtureandheatto60to80°C 6.4.5.4 Once the addition is complete, place a stirbar in the
until sodium stearate is completely dissolved. beaker and begin stirring at medium speed. Maintain the
6.4.2.3 After the sodium stearate has dissolved, add the temperature of the mixture at 65 to 70°C.
ferric chloride solution (from 6.4.2.1) slowly. Iron stearate will
Premix No. 2 Preparation
immediately begin to precipitate. After the addition of the
6.4.6 Sodium Stearate Solution:
ferric chloride solution has been completed, stir for an addi-
6.4.6.1 Prepare sodium stearate solution as follows:
tional 5 min.
Constituent Target Weight, g
6.4.2.4 Remove beaker from heat and allow the mixture to
cool.
Sodium stearate 40.29
Distilled water 259.71
6.4.2.5 When the temperature has dropped to 30 to 35°C,
Total 300.00
filter the mixture through Whatman 1 filter paper using a large
6.4.6.2 Add sodium stearate to distilled water.
Buchner funnel.
6.4.6.3 Heat mixture to 75°C and stir until sodium stearate
6.4.2.6 Wash the precipitate with distilled water (3 by 500
is dissolved and solution is clear.This can take up to 30 min to
mL) to remove any remaining unreacted ferric chloride.
completely dissolve the sodium stearate.
6.4.2.7 Allowtheironstearatetodryatroomtemperatureto
6.4.6.4 Maintain temperature of solution at 75°C.
constant weight (approximately three days).
6.5 Final Soil Preparation:
6.4.2.8 Iron stearate can be stored in a closed container for
up to one year. 6.5.1 Add Premix No. 2 to Premix No. 1 in 20-g increments
until all of Premix No. 2 has been added. Stir (using stirplate)
6.4.3 Stearate Premix Preparation:
between each 20-g addition. Premix No. 1 and Premix No. 2
6.4.3.1 Prepare stearate premix preparation using the fol-
are heated throughout the addition procedure.
lowing constituents in the order detailed as follows:
6.5.2 Stir at high speed with continued heating to obtain a
Constituent Weight, g
homogeneous mixture. Soil color should be charcoal gray.
Calcium stearate 53.0
6.5.3 Maintain a soil temperature of 75 to 80°C throughout
Magnesium stearate 26.0
the soil application.
Iron stearate 21.0
6.5.4 Thissoilmixturecanbestoredinaclosedcontainerat
Total 100.0
35°F for up to 1 year.
6.4.3.2 Combine the three stearates and pulverize with a
mortar and pestle until homogeneous.
7. Preparation of Substrate
6.4.3.3 Stearate premix can be stored in a closed container
7.1 Wash tiles in a laboratory dishwasher using an
for up to one year.
industrial-strength dishwashing detergent.
6.4.4 SuperSoil® Brand Potting Soil Preparation:
7.2 Air-drytilesfor24h.Forbestdrying,positiontilessuch
6.4.4.1 Remove the large wood chunks, vermiculite, and
that air flows freely across all surfaces.
styrofoam particles from the potting soil with a large 14-mesh
sieve. 7.3 Preheat oven to 70 to 80°C.
D5343 − 06 (2018)
7.4 Place tiles on an oven tray and heat for at least 1 h 9.2.1 Sponge Preparation:
before applying the soil. Soil enough tiles to run eight
9.2.1.1 Sponges, as received, contain small amounts of
replicates per test product plus three extra for cycle determi-
surfactants and thus need to be cleaned prior to using. Wash
nation.
sponges in a washing machine using warm water and spin dry.
Dry the sponges in a clothes dryer until they are completely
8. Soil Application
dry. Discard sponges with surface imperfections, uneven
8.1 Apparatus:
thickness, or other obvious deformities. If sponges have been
8.1.1 Soil Applicator, mini trimmer paint applicator (3.175
washed by the manufacturer, then just air dry.
by 6.985 cm).
9.2.1.2 Prior to applying product, tare a clean, dry sponge.
8.1.2 Test Substrate,whiteceramicglazedwalltiles(10.795
Submerge the sponge in synthetic hard water (100 ppm as
by 10.795 cm). +2 +2
CaCO , 3:1 Ca :Mg ) and squeeze out all but 17.560.5gof
8.2 Tile Preparation: water.
8.2.1 Remove the tray of tiles from the oven immediately
9.2.2 Application of Test Product—Test product dilutions
prior to soil application. Tiles can be soiled while hot or
should be prepared from synthetic hard water (100 ppm as
+2 +2
allowed to cool to room temperature.
CaCO ,3:1Ca :Mg )atambienttemperature.Dilutionsused
8.2.2 Use the mini trimmer paint pad and applicator to
sh
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