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ASTM B848/B848M-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials

Standard Specification for Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts. The strcutural parts shall be made by hot forging of powder metallurgy preforms in confined dies with or without subsequent heat treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for nickel, molybdenum, manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, carbon, and oxygen. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, impact energy, compressive yield strength and fatigue shal be determined using the tensile test method, Charpy V-notch impact energy test method, and hardness test method. The materials shall conform to the required surface finger oxide penetration, interparticle oxide networks, decarburization depth, and nonmetallic inclusion level.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts.  
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made from the following materials:  
1.2.1 Compositions:  
1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder and graphite powder),
1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),
1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX, PF-1130CXX, and PF-1135CXX Copper-Carbon Steels with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),
1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),
1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder), and
1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder).  
Note 1: Alloy composition designations are modifications of the AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon steel containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits of alloy and impurity elements may be different from the AISI-SAE limits. Chemical composition limits are specified in Section 6.
Note 2: XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given specified carbon content, the permissible limits shall be as specified in 6.2.
Note 3: The old acronym for powder forging P/F has been replaced by PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder forging. No change has been made to the material specification and performance characteristics for the various powder forged materials.  
1.2.2 Grades:  
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of 0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.  
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of 1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be ...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2021
ICS
77.160 - Powder metallurgy
Technical Committee
B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
Drafting Committee
B09.11 - Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM B796-20 - Standard Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Applications
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:B848/B848M −21
Standard Specification for
1
Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B848/B848M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE3—TheoldacronymforpowderforgingP/Fhasbeenreplacedby
1. Scope*
PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materi-
designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder
als fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or forging. No change has been made to the material specification and
performance characteristics for the various powder forged materials.
iron powders and intended for use as structural parts.
1.2.2 Grades:
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of
from the following materials:
0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the
1.2.1 Compositions:
powder forged part so designated by the applicable part
1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized
drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
iron powder and graphite powder),
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of
1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from
1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the
atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),
powder forged part so designated by the applicable part
1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for
drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder,
manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX, PF-1130CXX, and PF-1135CXX
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Copper-Carbon Steels with manganese sulfide for enhanced
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, copper,
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced
from the two systems shall not be combined.
from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
and graphite powder),
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and graphite powder),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from preal-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
loyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite
powder), and
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from preal-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
loyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite pow-
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
der).
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
NOTE 1—Alloy composition designations are modifications of the
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
steel containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits
B795 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Al-
ofalloyandimpurityelementsmaybedifferentfromtheAISI-SAElimits.
loyed or Unalloyed Iron Contamination Present in Powder
Chemical composition limits are specified in Section 6.
NOTE 2—XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a Forged (PF) Steel Materials
percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given
B796 Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of
specifiedcarboncontent,thepermissiblelimitsshallbeasspecifiedin6.2.
Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Ap-
plications
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee B09.11 on Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2021. Originally contact ASTM
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B848 − 15 B848/B848M − 21
Standard Specification for
1
Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B848;B848/B848M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron
powders and intended for use as structural parts.
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made from the following materials:
1.2.1 Compositions:
1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder and graphite powder),
1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),
1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder,
manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX, PF-1130CXX, and PF-1135CXX Copper-Carbon Steels with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability
(produced from atomized iron powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite
powder),
1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite
powder),
1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder), and
1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder).
NOTE 1—Alloy composition designations are modifications of the AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon steel
containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits of alloy and impurity elements may be different from the AISI-SAE limits. Chemical
composition limits are specified in Section 6.
NOTE 2—XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given specified
carbon content, the permissible limits shall be as specified in 6.2.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.11 on Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2021. Published December 2015 September 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20102015
as B848 – 10.B848 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/B0848-15.10.1520/B0848_B0848M-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B848/B848M − 21
NOTE 3—The old acronym for powder forging P/F has been replaced by PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material
designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder forging. No change has been made to the material specification and performance
characteristics for the various powder forged materials.
1.2.2 Grades:
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of 0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder
forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of 1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder
forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organizatio
...

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1.1 This specification covers powder metallurgy (PM) structural components fabricated from:  
1.1.1 Commercially pure (CP) (that is, unalloyed) titanium powder,  
1.1.2 Pre-alloyed powders.  
1.1.3 Mixtures of elemental powders or mixtures of elemental powders and pre-alloyed powders.  
1.2 This specification covers:  
1.2.1 Grade 1 PM—Unalloyed titanium,  
1.2.2 Grade 2 PM—Unalloyed titanium,  
1.2.3 Grade 3 PM—Unalloyed titanium,  
1.2.4 Grade 4 PM—Unalloyed titanium,  
1.2.5 Grade 5 PM—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vanadium),  
1.2.6 Grade 9 PM—Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % vanadium),  
1.2.7 Ti-6Al-4V PM Low Interstitial (LI),  
1.2.8 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn PM.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B311-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For PM materials containing less than two percent porosity, a density measurement may be used to determine if the part has been densified, either overall or in a critical region, to the degree required for the intended application. Density alone cannot be used for evaluating the degree of densification because chemical composition and heat treatment affect the pore-free density.  
5.2 For cemented carbides, a density measurement is normally used to determine if there is any significant deviation in composition of the carbide grade. For straight tungsten carbide-cobalt grades, the relationship is straightforward. For complex carbide grades (for example, grades containing tantalum carbide or titanium carbide, or both, in addition to tungsten carbide-cobalt), the situation is more complicated. If the measured density is beyond the specified limits, the composition is outside of the specified limits. A measured density within the specified limits does not ensure correct composition; compensation between two or more constituents could result in the expected density with the wrong composition. Density alone cannot be used for evaluating a cemented carbide grade.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of density for powder metallurgy (PM) materials containing less than two percent porosity and for cemented carbides. This test method is based on the water displacement method.  
Note 1: A test specimen that gains mass when immersed in water indicates the specimen contains surface-connected porosity. Unsealed surface porosity will absorb water and result in calculated density values higher than the true value. This test method is not applicable if this problem occurs, and Test Methods B962 should be used instead.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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    English language
    sale 15% off