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ASTM E3170/E3170M-18

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended for the semi-automated or automated ultrasonic examination of electrofusion joints used in the construction and maintenance of polyethylene piping systems.  
5.2 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its reliability and resistance to corrosion and erosion.  
5.3 The joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to: lack of fusion, cold fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, short stab depth, and voids.  
5.4 Polyethylene material can have a range of acoustic characteristics that make electrofusion joint examination difficult. Polyethylene materials are highly attenuative, which often limits the use of higher ultrasonic frequencies. It also exhibits a natural high frequency filtering effect. An example of the range of acoustic characteristics is provided in Table 1.6 The table notes the wide range of acoustic velocities reported in the literature. This makes it essential that the reference blocks are made from pipe grade polyethylene with the same density cell class as the electrofusion fitting examined. (A) A range of velocity and attenuation values have been noted in the literature (1-9).  
5.5 Polyethylene is reported to have a shear velocity of 987 m/s. However, due to extremely high attenuation in shear mode (on the order of 5 dB/mm (127 dB/in.) at 2 MHz) no practical examinations can be carried out using shear mode (6).  
5.6 Due to the wide range of applications, joint acceptance criteria for polyethylene pipe are usually project-specific.  
5.7 A cross-sectional view of a typical joint between polyethylene pipe and an electrofusion coupling is illustrated in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Typical Cross-Sectional View of an Electrofusion Coupling Joint
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene pipe systems. Although high density polyethylene (HDPE) and medium density polyethylene (MDPE) materials are most commonly used, the procedures described may apply to other types of polyethylene.  
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This standard references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.  
1.3 Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene electrofusion joints uses longitudinal waves introduced by an array probe mounted on a zero degree wedge. This practice is intended to be used on polyethylene electrofusion couplings for use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 4 to 28 in. (100 to 710 mm) and for coupling wall thicknesses from 0.3 to 2 in. (8 to 50 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same geometry.  
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles ...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Refers
ASTM E1316-19b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-19 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Mar-2019
Refers
ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM F1290-19 - Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings
Effective Date
01-Jan-2019
Refers
ASTM E1316-18 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Jan-2018
Refers
ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
15-Jun-2017
Refers
ASTM E1316-17 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Feb-2017
Refers
ASTM F412-16a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
15-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM E3044/E3044M-16 - Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Butt Fusion Joints
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM E1316-16a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F412-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016
Refers
ASTM F1055-16 - Standard Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing
Effective Date
01-Aug-2016

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ASTM E3170/E3170M-18 - Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion JointsASTM E3170/E3170M-18 - Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints
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ASTM E3170/E3170M-18 - Standard Practice for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E3170/E3170M − 18
Standard Practice for
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Polyethylene
1
Electrofusion Joints
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE3170/E3170M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice covers procedures for phased array ultra-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
sonic testing (PAUT) of electrofusion joints in polyethylene
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pipe systems.Although high density polyethylene (HDPE) and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
medium density polyethylene (MDPE) materials are most
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
commonly used, the procedures described may apply to other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
types of polyethylene.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—The notes in this practice are for information only and shall
not be considered part of this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 2—This standard references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applica-
tions defined by Specification D3350.
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
1.2 This practice does not address ultrasonic examination of
the extent specified herein.
butt fusions. Ultrasonic testing of polyethylene butt fusion
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
joints is addressed in Practice E3044/E3044M.
D3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fit-
1.3 Phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) of polyethylene
tings Materials
electrofusion joints uses longitudinal waves introduced by an
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
array probe mounted on a zero degree wedge. This practice is
Testing
intendedtobeusedonpolyethyleneelectrofusioncouplingsfor
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
use on polyethylene pipe ranging in diameters from nominal 4
E2700 Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Welds
to 28 in. (100 to 710 mm) and for coupling wall thicknesses
Using Phased Arrays
from 0.3 to 2 in. (8 to 50 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses
E3044/E3044M Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Polyeth-
and diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the
ylene Butt Fusion Joints
technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
on mockups of the same geometry.
F1055 Specification for Electrofusion Type Polyethylene
1.4 This practice does not specify acceptance criteria.
Fittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylene
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units and Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
F1290 PracticeforElectrofusionJoiningPolyolefinPipeand
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
Fittings
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3
2.3 ASNT Documents:
used independently of the other, and values from the two
ASNT Practice SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and
systems shall not be combined.
Certification in Nondestructive Testing
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fication of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Ultrasonic Method. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/E3170_E3170M-18. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E3170/E3170M − 18
4
2.4 AIA Document: 3.2.8 particulate contamination, n—fine particles, such as
NAS410
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion, erosion, and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.
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1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of butt fusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping or vessel parts.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
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1.2 MW examination detects differences between the dielectric constant(s) of the materials being examined. These differences may be due to material construction (expected) or flaws such as voids, cracks, or foreign material intrusion (unexpected).  
1.3 The butt fusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
1.4 This practice is intended for use on polyethylene butt fusion joints of pipe diameters of 4 in. to 65 in. (100 mm – 1650 mm) and wall thickness of 0.5 in. to 4 in. (12 mm – 100 mm). Greater and lesser thicknesses and smaller diameters may be tested using this standard practice if the technique can be demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mockups of the same wall thickness and geometry.  
1.5 This standard practice does not address microwave examination of electrofusion joints, socket joints, or saddles.  
1.6 This standard details inspection requirement only. Accept/reject criteria must be established contractually and is typically done using multiple samples with mechanical test (that is, tensile test) validation.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Practice for Microwave Examination of Polyethylene Electrofusion Joints Used in Piping Application

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Polyethylene piping has been used instead of steel alloys in the petrochemical, power, water, gas distribution, and mining industries due to its resistance to corrosion and erosion and reliability. Recently, polyethylene pipe has also been used for nuclear safety related cooling water applications.  
5.2 MW examination is useful for detecting various flaws that are known to occur in polyethylene electrofused joints.
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1.1 This practice covers microwave (MW) examination of electrofusion joints made entirely of polyethylene for the purpose of joining polyethylene piping.
Note 1: The notes in this practice are for information only and shall not be considered part of this practice.
Note 2: This practice references HDPE and MDPE for pipe applications as defined by Specification D3350.  
1.2 The electrofusion joining process can be subject to a variety of flaws including, but not limited to, lack of fusion, particulate contamination, inclusions, and voids.  
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1.4 This practice can be applied to post assembly inspection of polyethylene electrofusion joints.  
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Standard Practice for Data Recording the Procedure used to Produce Heat Butt Fusion Joints in Plastic Piping Systems or Fittings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.  
5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.  
1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
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This guide covers standard specification for three classes of gray iron for castings intended for use as valve pressure retaining parts, pipe fittings, and flanges. Chemical analysis shall be performed in each lot and shall conform to the required chemical composition for phosphorous and sulfur. Tension test shall be conducted on each class of gray iron castings and shall conform to the specified values of tensile strength. Tension test specimens shall have threaded ends and shall conform to the prescribed dimensions.
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Note 1: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
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Standard Practice for Installation of Aluminum and Stainless Steel Jacketing over Thermal Insulation on Pipe and Rigid Tubing

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5.1 This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). This standard is intended to provide a basic practice for installing these types of materials. Refer to Specifications C1729 and C1767 for information on the differences between aluminum and stainless steel jacketing and where each is considered for use.  
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FIG. 1 Flange Types  
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This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a specific temperature prior to heat treatment, which shall be performed in accordance with certain requirements such as heat treatment type, austenitizing/solution temperature, cooling media, and quenching. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness. All H grades and grade F 63 shall be tested for average grain size.
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1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar or hollow bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), refer to Specifications A479/A479M, A739, or A511/A511M for the similar grades available in those specifications.  
1.3 Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.  
1.4 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
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Standard Specification for Large–Diameter Fabricated Carbon Steel Flanges

ABSTRACT
This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges for use in high temperature, low pressure service such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems. The flanges shall be classified according to types as follows: Type I and Type II. Number of holes, hole diameter, and bolt circle are identical for both Type I and Type II flanges. Drilling of flanges shall be in accordance with the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides design and construction criteria for large diameter flanges sizes 14 NPS to 144 NPS, for use in high temperature (1000 °F), low pressure service (25 psig), such as internal combustion engine exhaust and forced ventilation systems.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    3 pages
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ASTM
ASTM B687-99(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Brass, Copper, and Chromium-Plated Pipe Nipples

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for brass and copper pipe nipples within a specified size range. Chromium-plated pipe nipples covered by this specification are intended for use in the interior of decorative appliances. Both brass and copper pipe nipples should be produced from regular or extra strong pipes while chromium-plated pipe nipples are produced from regular weight brass pipes. All pipe nipples should be threaded in both ends with NPT Taper Pipe Threads except for close nipples with lengths shorter than the specified value. Threads should be right hand on both ends except when otherwise specified. Chromium plated nipples use short plumbing (hospital) threads. Pipe nipple ends shall be cut reasonable square to the central axis and chamfered on the outside with all outside burrs removed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for brass and copper pipe nipples in standard pipe sizes from 1/8 to 8 in., inclusive, in standard lengths, and chromium-plated pipe nipples in standard pipe sizes from 1/8 to 2 in., inclusive, in standard lengths.  
1.1.1 Chromium-plated pipe nipples ordered under this specification are intended for interior use in decorative applications.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off