ASTM D2273-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Method for Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test measures the trace level amount of sediment that is naphtha-insoluble and can be separated by centrifuging. Excessive amounts of sediment in oil could lead to system malfunction in critical applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace amounts (less than 0.05 volume %) of sediment in lubricating oils. Since oil-soluble material precipitated by the specified solvent is not intended as part of the measured sediment, the test method is not applicable in cases where precipitated oil-soluble components will appreciably contribute to the sediment readings.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2273 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace
4.1 This test measures the trace level amount of sediment
amounts (less than 0.05 volume %) of sediment in lubricating
that is naphtha-insoluble and can be separated by centrifuging.
oils. Since oil-soluble material precipitated by the specified
Excessive amounts of sediment in oil could lead to system
solvent is not intended as part of the measured sediment, the
malfunction in critical applications.
test method is not applicable in cases where precipitated
oil-soluble components will appreciably contribute to the
5. Apparatus
sediment readings.
5.1 Centrifuge, meeting all the safety requirements for
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
normal use and capable of whirling two or more filled
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a
standard.
relative centrifugal force (rcf) between 600 and 700 at the tip
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the tubes. The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the cups, including the rubber cushion, shall be soundly con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
structedtowithstandthemaximumcentrifugalforcecapableof
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
being delivered by the power source. The trunnion cups and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
cushions shall firmly support the tubes when the centrifuge is
inmotion.Thecentrifugeshallbeenclosedbyametalshieldor
2. Referenced Documents
case strong enough to eliminate danger if any breakage occurs.
2
Calculate the speed of the rotating head as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
=
rpm 5 1337 rcf/d (1)
Petroleum Products
where:
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
rcf = relative centrifugal force, and
d = diameter of swing, in millimetres, measured between
3. Terminology tips of opposite tubes when in rotating position.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The relationship between the diameter swing, relative cen-
3.1.1 trace sediment, n—the number of millilitres of sedi- trifugal force, and revolutions per minute is given in Table 1.
ment precipitated from 100 mLof oil sample (volume percent)
5.2 Centrifuge Tube, cone-shaped, conforming to the di-
when equal parts of the oil sample and the specified solvent are
mensions given in Fig. 1, and made of thoroughly annealed
mixed and centrifuged under the prescribed conditions.
glass. The graduations, numbered as shown in Fig. 1, shall be
clearanddistinct,andthemouthshallbeconstructedinashape
suitable for closure with a cork. Scale-error tolerances and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
smallest graduations between various calibration marks are
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
giveninTable2.Calibratedcentrifugetubesshallbepurchased
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
from the manufacturer.
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2273–05. DOI:
10.1520/D2273-08.
6. Reagents
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Hexanes, reagent grade, minimum purity. (Warning—
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. ) See also Note 1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2273 − 08
TABLE 1 Rotation Speeds for Centrifuges of Various Diameters
representative samples for this determination are unusually
A
Diameter of Swing, mm RPM at 600 rcf RPM at 700 rcf great; hence, the importance of sampling cannot be too
483 1490 1610
strongly emphasized.
508 1450 1570
533 1420 1530
8. Procedure
559 1390 1500
A
Measured in mm between tips of oppo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D2273–05 Designation:D2273–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Trace Sediment in Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace amounts (less than 0.05 volume %) of sediment in lubricating oils. Since
oil-soluble material precipitated by the specified solvent is not intended as part of the measured sediment, the test method is not
applicable in cases where precipitated oil-soluble components will appreciably contribute to the sediment readings.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 trace sediment, n—the number of millilitres of sediment precipitated from 100 mL of oil sample (volume percent) when
equal parts of the oil sample and the specified solvent are mixed and centrifuged under the prescribed conditions.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test measures the trace level amount of sediment that is naphtha-insoluble and can be separated by centrifuging.
Excessive amounts of sediment in oil could lead to system malfunction in critical applications.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Centrifuge, meeting all the safety requirements for normal use and capable of whirling two or more filled centrifuge tubes
at a speed which can be controlled to give a relative centrifugal force (rcf) between 600 and 700 at the tip of the tubes. The
revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups, including the rubber cushion, shall be soundly constructed to withstand the
maximum centrifugal force capable of being delivered by the power source. The trunnion cups and cushions shall firmly support
the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. The centrifuge shall be enclosed by a metal shield or case strong enough to eliminate
danger if any breakage occurs. Calculate the speed of the rotating head as follows:
rpm 5 1337 rcf/d (1)
=
where:
rcf = relative centrifugal force, and
d = diameter of swing, in millimetres, measured between tips of opposite tubes when in rotating position.
The relationship between the diameter swing, relative centrifugal force, and revolutions per minute is given in Table 1.
5.2 Centrifuge Tube, cone-shaped, conforming to the dimensions given in Fig. 1, and made of thoroughly annealed glass. The
graduations, numbered as shown in Fig. 1, shall be clear and distinct, and the mouth shall be constructed in a shape suitable for
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.06 on
Analysis of Lubricants.
e2
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2273–97(2002) .
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 2273–05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2273–08
TABLE 1 Rotation Speeds for Centrifuges of Various Diameters
A
Diameter of Swing, mm RPM at 600 rcf RPM at 700 rcf
483 1490 1610
508 1450 1570
533 1420 1530
559 1390 1500
A
Measured in
...
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