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ASTM C694-90a(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the weight-loss (mass loss) characteristics of sheet steel in sulfuric acid solution.
1.2 This test method provides means of rating the effectiveness of in-plant pretreatment acid solutions in preparing steel surfaces for porcelain enameling.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C694-90a(1995) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Replaced By
ASTM C694-90a(2006) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006

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ASTM C694-90a(2000) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid SolutionASTM C694-90a(2000) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution
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ASTM C694-90a(2000) - Standard Test Method for Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion in Sulfuric Acid Solution
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C694–90a(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Weight Loss (Mass Loss) of Sheet Steel During Immersion
1
in Sulfuric Acid Solution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 694; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
In the manufacture of porcelain-enameled ware, formed steel articles are pretreated to ensure
enamel adherence. The pretreatment comprises, in part, of etching the steel surface with sulfuric acid
solution and in depositing nickel on the steel surface from a nickelous sulfate solution. Conditions are
maintained to provide a minimum amount of metal removal (weight loss) (mass loss) in the acid
solution and a minimum amount of nickel deposition. These minimums are particularly critical in
direct-on enameling in which the ground-coat enamel with its adherence-promoting oxides is omitted.
1. Scope ditioned by controlled solution of panels of the same sheet
steel. The specimens are rinsed, dried, and reweighed after the
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the weight-
timed exposure.
loss (mass loss) characteristics of sheet steel in sulfuric acid
3.2 Values of weight loss (mass loss) per unit area are
solution.
calculated for the four acid immersion periods and, if desired,
1.2 This test method provides means of rating the effective-
the rate of weight loss (mass loss) per unit area per unit time is
ness of in-plant pretreatment acid solutions in preparing steel
calculated.
surfaces for porcelain enameling.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Significance and Use
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
4.1 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate
only.
the pickle weight-loss (mass loss) characteristics of a given lot
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of sheet steel in dilute sulfuric acid solution, and may enable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the enamel processor to select a pickling time that will provide
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
satisfactory porcelain enamel bond.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.2 The results of this test method can be used to evaluate
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the effectiveness of the enamel processor’s pretreatment sys-
2. Terminology tem in preparing the steel for porcelain enameling, and may aid
the processor in obtaining satisfactory porcelain enamel bond.
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 quarter lines—imaginarylinesparalleltothedirection
5. Apparatus
of rolling, positioned at a distance from the sheet mill edge
5.1 Analytical Balance, accurate to 0.01 g.
equal to one quarter of the sheet width.
5.2 Linear Measuring Device.
3. Summary of Test Method 5.3 Borosilicate Glass Container, having an inside diameter
1
of about 11 ⁄2 in. (290 mm) and an outside depth of about 11 in.
3.1 Representative sheet-steel specimens are selected, mea-
(280 mm).
sured, cleaned, and weighed prior to immersion for measured
5.4 Water Bath, heated, of sufficient size to immerse the
periods in a bath of dilute sulfuric acid that has been precon-
glass container (5.3) to within about 1 in. (25 mm) of its top.
5.5 Glass Plate or Acid-Resistant Porcelain-Enameled Steel
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic
Sheet, sufficient to cover the container described in 5.3.
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
5.6 Stainless Steel Jig, for support of test specimens (see
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3).
Current edition approved July 27, 1990. Published December 1990. Originally
published as C 694 – 71 T. Last previous edition C 694 – 90.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C694
Metric Equivalents
1
in. ⁄4 45 6
(mm) (6) (102) (127) (127)
NOTE 1—All materials are of Type 316 stainless steel.
FIG. 1 Specimens Suspended from Stainless-Steel Jig
6. Reagents and Materials 8. Test Specimens
6.1 Distilled Water. 8.1 File edges of the eight test specimens lightly to remove
6.2 Isopropyl Alcohol ((CH ) CHOH). shearing burrs.
3 2
6.3 Methyl Alcohol (CH OH). 8.1.1 Punch or drill a hole near one end, at the center of the
3
specimen width.
6.4 Steel Sheet, sufficient in size to provide the panels and
strips described in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2, and to provide the test 8.1.2 Determine the width, W, a
...

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Element  
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Sections  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the analysis of magnesium and its alloys by atomic emission spectrometry. The magnesium specimen to be analyzed may be in the form of a chill cast disk, casting, sheet, plate, extrusion or some other wrought form or shape. The elements covered in the scope of this method are listed in the table below.    
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Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
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0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
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Standard Guide for Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction Instruments for use in Analyzing Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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5.2 It is assumed that all who use this guide will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully, and safely. It is expected that any work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that the laboratory will prepare their own work procedures for any of the information described in this guide.  
5.4 This guide contains numerous references to “manufacturer’s recommendations”. The user of this guide is expected to refer to the instrument operation manual for the specific instrument being used or consult directly with the manufacturer to obtain instructions or recommendations.  
5.5 This guide stresses the conservation of certified reference materials (CRMs). CRMs should not be used for drift checks or conditioning measurments. Other materials should be developed and used for these operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for using Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction instruments to determine the mass fraction of the non-metallic elements Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials.  
1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions because of the differences among different manufacturer’s instruments. Laboratories should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the instrument.  
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Sections  
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20 – 25  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The 3.5 % NaCl solution alternate immersion test provides a test environment for detecting materials that would be likely to be susceptible to SCC in natural outdoor environments, especially environments with marine influences.3,4,5 For determining actual serviceability of a material, other stress-corrosion tests should be performed in the intended service environment under conditions relating to the end use, including protective measures.  
4.2 Although this test method is intended for certain alloy types and for testing products primarily in the short-transverse stressing direction, this method is useful for some other types of alloys and stressing directions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for characterizing the resistance to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of high-strength aluminum alloy wrought products for the guidance of those who perform stress-corrosion tests, for those who prepare stress-corrosion specifications, and for materials engineers.  
1.2 This test method covers method of sampling, type of specimen, specimen preparation, test environment, and method of exposure for determining the susceptibility to SCC of 2XXX (with 1.8 % to 7.0 % copper) and 7XXX (with 0.4 % to 2.8 % copper) aluminum alloy products, particularly when stressed in the short-transverse direction relative to the grain structure.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off