ASTM A508/A508M-95(1999)

Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification  covers quenched and tempered vacuum treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure vessels such as those used in reactor systems. Specifically, it covers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets, rings, heads, and similar parts.
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper conditions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in accordance with approved methods for the grade of material used.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standards. Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  Note 1-Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries but have the same mechanical requirements. Note 2-Designations have been changed as follows: Current Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Class 1 Grade 2 Class 2 Grade 3 Class 1 Grade 3 Class 2 Grade 4N Class 1 Grade 4N Class 2 Grade 4N Class 3 Grade 5 Class 1 Grade 5 Class 2 Grade 22 Class 3 Grade 3V Formerly Class 1 Class 1A Class 2 Class 2A Class 3 Class 3A Class 4 Class 4A Class 4B Class 5 Class 5A Class 22B Class 3V

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1999
• ICS: 77.140.30 - Steels for pressure purposes
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM A508/A508M-03 - Standard Specification for Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM A966/A966M-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings Using Alternating Current
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1999
• Referred By: ASTM A275/A275M-18(2023) - Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1999
• Referred By: ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 508/A 508M – 95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Quenched and Tempered Vacuum-Treated Carbon and Alloy
Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 508/A 508M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Grade 3V Class 3V
1.1 This specification covers quenched and tempered
2. Referenced Documents
vacuum treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vessels such as those used in reactor systems. Specifically, it
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
covers forgings for vessel closures, shells, flanges, tube sheets,
nation of Steel Forgings
rings, heads, and similar parts.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi-
of Steel Products
tions. Welding technique is of fundamental importance, and it
A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
is presupposed that welding procedure and inspection will be in
Heavy Steel Forgings
accordance with approved methods for the grade of material
A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
used.
ments
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
(metric) units are to be regarded separately as standards.
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic
Within the text and the tables, the SI units are shown in
Steels
brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact
E 428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel Refer-
equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent
ence Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Inspection
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may
2.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standard:
result in nonconformance with the specification.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code—Section III, Articles
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
NB 2300, NC 2300, ND 2300, NE 2300, NF 2300, NG
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
pound units.
3. Ordering Information
NOTE 1—Grades 1 and 1A are composed of different chemistries but
have the same mechanical requirements.
3.1 Purchase Order—In addition to the ordering informa-
NOTE 2—Designations have been changed as follows:
tion required by Specification A 788, the purchaser shall
Current Formerly
include with the inquiry and order a detailed drawing that
Grade 1 Class 1
locates the areas of significant loading in the forging (when
Grade 1A Class 1A
Grade 2 Class 1 Class 2
required), the method of selecting test locations (see 6.1.5 and
Grade 2 Class 2 Class 2A
6.1.6), and purchase options (see 4.2.2, 6.2.1, and 10.1) and
Grade 3 Class 1 Class 3
any supplementary requirements desired.
Grade 3 Class 2 Class 3A
Grade 4N Class 1 Class 4
3.2 Forging Drawing—Each forging shall be manufactured
Grade 4N Class 2 Class 4A
in accordance with a purchaser-approved drawing showing the
Grade 4N Class 3 Class 4B
prequenched dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfaces
Grade 5 Class 1 Class 5
Grade 5 Class 2 Class 5A
that will be subjected to significant loading, and the locations
Grade 22 Class 3 Class 22B
of mechanical test specimens.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
published as A 508 – 64 T. Last previous edition A 508/A 508M – 94a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
2 7
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
cation SA-508/SA-508M in Section II of that Code. New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 508/A 508M – 95 (1999)
3.3 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
Grades 1, 1A, 2 Class 2, and 3 Class 2 1150°F [620°C]
Grades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 1200°F [650°C]
the requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi-
Grades 4N Classes 1 and 2, and 5 1100°F [595°C]
tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-
Classes 1 and 2
ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica- Grade 4N Class 3 1125°F [600°C]
Grades 3V and 3VCb 1250°F [675°C]
tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary
Grade 22, Class 3 1200°F [650°C]
requirements.
Specific cooling rates from the tempering temperature shall
3.4 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
be applied if Supplementary Requirement S14 is specified.
with the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirements
4.3 For Grades 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, or 3A, a multiple stage
of this specification shall prevail.
austenitizing procedure may be used whereby the forging is
first fully austenitized and liquid quenched, followed by
4. Materials and Manufacture
reheating within the intercritical temperature range to partially
4.1 Melting Process: reaustenitize and again liquid quenched. On completion of the
austenitizing/quenching cycles, the forgings shall be tempered
4.1.1 The steel shall be made by the basic electric-furnace
at a subcritical temperature as described in 4.2.2.
process except when secondary ladle refining or the remelting
process is employed, in which case the melting processes of
5. Chemical Composition
Specification A 788 are permitted.
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam-
4.1.2 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated in accor-
pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply with
dance with the methods described in Specification A 788, prior
Table 1 except that the additional features of Supplementary
to or during the pouring of the ingot, in order to remove
Requirements S7, S8, S9, and S11 shall also apply as individu-
objectionable gases, particularly hydrogen.
ally specified in the ordering information.
4.1.3 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made from each
5.2 Product Analysis—The manufacturer shall use the prod-
ingot to secure freedom from piping and excessive segregation.
uct analysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain a
product analysis from a forging representing each heat or
4.2 Heat Treatment:
multiple heat. The permissible variations provided in the table
4.2.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment—After forging and be-
on Permissible Variations in Product Analysis for Killed Steel
fore reheating, the forgings shall be cooled to provide substan-
in Specification A 788 apply for manganese, nickel, chromium,
tially complete transformation of austenite. Preliminary heat
molybdenum and vanadium only. Boron is not subject to
treatment may be applied to improve machinability and to
product analysis. The purchaser may also make this determi-
enhance subsequent heat treatments.
nation in accordance with Specification A 788.
4.2.2 Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties—The forg-
ings shall be heated to a temperature which produces an 6. Mechanical Properties
austenitic structure and then quenched in a suitable liquid
6.1 Tension Test:
medium by spraying or immersion. For Grade 4N, Classes 1
6.1.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements of Table 2.
and 3, the austenitizing temperature shall be 1540°F [840°C]
6.1.2 The location and number of tension test specimens for
min to 1640°F [895°C] max. Quenching shall be followed by
each forging or multiple forging shall be as follows:
tempering at a subcritical temperature and holding at this
6.1.2.1 Multiple Forgings Separated into Identical Indi-
temperature for a minimum time of one-half hour per inch of
vidual Forgings with Rough Machined Weights not Exceeding
maximum section thickness. Except when Supplementary Re- 1000 lb [455 kg] Prior to Quenching and Tempering
quirement S 13 is specified for Grades 2 and 3, the minimum
Treatment—At least one individual forging from each multiple
tempering temperatures shall be as follows: forging in each heat-treating lot shall be tested using the test
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade 1 Grade 1A Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4N Grade 5 Grade 22 Grade 3V Grade 3VCb
Carbon 0.35 max 0.30 max 0.27 max 0.25 max 0.23 max 0.23 max 0.11–0.15 0.10–0.15 0.10–0.15
Manganese 0.40–1.05 0.70–1.35 0.50–1.00 1.20–1.50 0.20–0.40 0.20–0.40 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60 0.30–0.60
Phosphorus 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.020 max
Sulfur 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.020 max 0.020 max 0.015 max 0.020 max 0.010 max
A
Silicon 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.15–0.40 0.30 max 0.50 max 0.10 max 0.10 max
Nickel 0.40 max 0.40 max 0.50–1.00 0.40–1.00 2.8–3.9 2.8–3.9 0.25 max . . . 0.25 max
Chromium 0.25 max 0.25 max 0.25–0.45 0.25 max 1.50–2.00 1.50–2.00 2.00–2.50 2.8–3.3 2.7–3.3
Molybdenum 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.55–0.70 0.45–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.40–0.60 0.90–1.10 max 0.90–1.10 0.90–1.10
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.03 max 0.08 max 0.02 max 0.20–0.30 0.20–0.30
Columbium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.070
Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 max
Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.0005–0.0150
Boron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001–0.003 . . .
Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.015–0.035 0.015 max
A
When vacuum carbon-deoxidation is required by Supplementary Requirement S 11, the silicon content shall be 0.10 % maximum.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 508/A 508M – 95 (1999)
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Grades 2 Grades 2 Grades 4N Grades 4N Grades 3V
Grades 1 Class 1 and Class 2 and Class 1 and Class 2 and Grade 4N Grade 22 and
and 1a 3 Class 1 3 Class 2 5 Class 1 5 Class 2 Class 3 Class 3 3VCb
Tensile strength, 70 to 95 80 to 105 90 to 115 105 to 130 115to140 90 to 115 85 to 110 85 to 110
ksi [MPa] [485 to 655] [550 to 725] [620 to 795] [725 to 895] [795 to 965] [620 to 795] [585 to 760] [585 to 760]
Yield strength, 36[250] 50[345] 65[450] 85[585] 100[690] 70[485] 55[380] 60[415]
min [0.2 % offset],
ksi [MPa]
Elongation in 2 20 18 16 18 16 20 18 18
in. or 50 mm,
min, %
Reduction of 38 38 35 45 45 48 45 45
area, min, %
specimen locations of 6.1.5 or 6.1.6 as specified on the treatment. The sample material shall be subjected to a simu-
purchase orders, except that test specimens located at lated post weld heat treatment if Supplementary Requirement
midlength may be closer to the ends of the production forging S1 is specified.
than the specified distance to the second surfaces. All forgings
6.1.4 For upset disk forgings, the longitudinal axis of the
shall be quenched and tempered in the same furnace charge. All
test specimens shall be in the tangential direction. For all other
forgings from the multiple shall be Brinell hardness tested after
parts, the longitudinal axis of the specimens shall be parallel to
heat treatment and forgings not tested for mechanical proper-
the direction of major working of the forging.
ties shall have a Brinell Hardness within 20 points of the
6.1.5 Each forging shall be manufactured in accordance
Brinell Hardness of the forging that has been tested for
with a purchaser-approved drawing, showing the prequenched
mechanical properties.
dimensions, the finished dimensions, the surfaces that will be
6.1.2.2 Forgings or Multiple Forgings (Note 2) with Rough
subjected to critical stresses, and the location of mechanical
Machined Weights Less than 10 000 lb [4540 kg] and Having
test specimens.
a Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80
6.1.6 The tension test specimens shall be positioned so that
in. [2032 mm] or Less—A test prolongation (Note 3) shall be
the longitudinal axis and mid-length is in accordance with one
located at one end. One tension test specimen shall be taken
of the following methods:
from the test prolongation.
6.1.6.1 Method 1—t by 2t, where t is the distance from the
6.1.2.3 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-
area of significant loading (see 3.1) to the nearest quenched
chined Weights Less than 10 000 lb [4540 kg] and Having a
surface. However, they shall not be nearer to one quenched
Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceed-
surface than ⁄4 in. [20 mm] and to the second quenched surface
ing 80 in. [2032 mm]— A test prolongation shall be located at
than 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm].
each end. One tension test specimen shall be taken from each
6.1.6.2 Method 2— ⁄4 T by T, where T is the maximum
test prolongation. An orientation of 180° shall be established
thickness of the forging as heat treated. Where this method of
between the two tension test specimens.
testing is employed, the following limitations for as-treated
6.1.2.4 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-
thickness shall generally apply:
chined Weights Over 10 000 lb [4540 kg] and Having a
Grades 1 and 1a 3 in. [75 mm], max
Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongation) of 80 in.
Grades 2 Class 2 and 3 Class 2 6 in. [150 mm], max
[2032 mm] or Less—A test prolongation shall be located at one
Grades 2 Class 1 and 3 Class 1 8 in. [205 mm], max
end. Two tension test specimens shall be taken from the test
Grade 4N Class 2 and 5 Class 2 16 in. [405 mm], max
Grade 4N Class 1 and 5 Class 1 30 in. [760 mm], max
prolongation and shall be oriented 180° apart.
Grade 4N Class 3 40 in. [1015 mm], max
6.1.2.5 Forgings or Multiple Forgings with Rough Ma-
Grades 3V and 3VCb 20 in. [510 mm], max
chined Weights Over 10 000 lb [4540 kg] and Having a
Grade 22 Class 3 20 in. [510 mm], max
Heat-Treated Length (Exclusive of Test Prolongations) Exceed-
6.1.6.3 Method 3—Test specimens shall be taken from a
ing 80 in [2032 mm]—A test prolongation shall be located at
representative separate test forging made from the same heat of
each end. The tension test specimens orien
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