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ASTM D8287/D8287M-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels

Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance and residual strength properties of a sandwich construction is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material selection, research and development activities, and establishing design allowables.  
5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated residual strength capability of sandwich constructions of similar facesheet and core material, adhesive, facesheet and core thickness, facesheet stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the residual strength of sandwich constructions is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters.  
5.4 The compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to flexural compression testing.  
5.5 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: facesheet and core materials, core density, cell size and wall thickness if applicable, film adhesive, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, facesheet stacking sequence and thickness, core thickness, overall specimen thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing.  
5.6 Results from the residual strength assessmen...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of sandwich constructions that have been subjected to quasi-static indentation or drop-weight impact per Practice D7766/D7766M.
Note 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Sandwich Compression After Impact test method.  
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density) are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.  
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include; specimen geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions (facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, the type, size, and location of damage and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich constructions, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 This test method can be used to test undamaged specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. Test Methods C364 and D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for undamaged sandwich panel compression strength by edgewise compression or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, t...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2022
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7249/D7249M-20 - Standard Test Method for Facesheet Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Refers
ASTM D5229/D5229M-20 - Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Mar-2020

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ASTM D8287/D8287M-22 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite PanelsASTM D8287/D8287M-22 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels
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ASTM D8287/D8287M-22 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Sandwich Composite Panels
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8287/D8287M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged
1
Sandwich Composite Panels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8287/D8287M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in
brackets.
1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
properties of sandwich constructions that have been subjected
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to quasi-static indentation or drop-weight impact per Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D7766/D7766M.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
NOTE 1—When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Sandwich
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Compression After Impact test method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Several important test specimen parameters (for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
example, facesheet thickness, core thickness, and core density)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
are not mandated by this test method; however, repeatable
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
results require that these parameters be specified and reported.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular specimen, previ-
ously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under
2. Referenced Documents
edgewise compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 The properties generated by this test method are highly
C364 Test Method for Edgewise Compressive Strength of
dependent upon several factors, which include; specimen
Sandwich Constructions
geometry, sandwich component materials and dimensions
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
(facesheet, core, and adhesive), methods of fabrication, the
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
type, size, and location of damage and boundary conditions.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
Thus, results are generally not scalable to other sandwich
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
constructions, and are particular to the combination of geomet-
Materials
ric and physical conditions tested.
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
1.5 This test method can be used to test undamaged
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable
Composite Materials
failure modes such as end crushing. Test Methods C364 and
D5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat Composite
D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for un-
Panels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-
damaged sandwich panel compression strength by edgewise
tion
compression or long beam flexure, respectively.
D7137 Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
D7249/D7249M Test Method for Facesheet Properties of
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva-
Sandwich Constructions by Long Beam Flexure
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
D7766/D7766M Practice for Damage Resistance Testing of
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
Sandwich Constructions
from the two systems shall not be combined.
D8388/D8388M Practice for Flexural Residual Strength
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
2
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Sandwich Construction. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published February 2023. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8287_D8287M-22. theASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
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5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
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5.1 This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made using sandwich constructions. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a sandwich panel is useful for product development and material selection.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D6264/D6264M (for quasi-static indentation testing) and D7136/D7136M (for drop-weight impact testing) with provisions for testing sandwich specimens. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, facing thickness, core thickness and core density) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.  
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5.1 This test method provides a standard method of determining the open-hole (notched) strength of the sandwich panel for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development.  
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1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of sandwich constructions in a direction parallel to the sandwich facesheet plane. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
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1.5 This test method can be used to test unnotched specimens, but care should be taken to prevent undesirable failure modes such as end crushing. ASTM Test Methods C364 or D7249/D7249M are the recommended test methods for unnotched sandwich panel compression strength or long beam flexure, respectively.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Through-Thickness “Flatwise” Tensile Strength and Elastic Modulus of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.  
1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thickness of Sandwich Cores

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5.1 Normally, a close tolerance is desirable for core thickness so that sandwich panels may be manufactured with all the sandwich components fitting properly and without crushing the core.  
5.2 These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
5.3 These test methods provide standard methods of obtaining the core thickness of flat sandwich core materials, and provide a basis for determining average thickness dimensions. The thickness properties derived may be used in design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.4 Factors that influence core thickness measurement and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material through-thickness rigidity, surface roughness, specimen geometry (including warpage), specimen preparation, methods of dimensional measurement, specimen conditioning, and moisture content during dimensional measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover plant manufacturing procedures for measuring the thickness of flat sandwich cores. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). The two test methods covered include the following:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Roller-Type Thickness Tester.  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Disk-Type Thickness Tester.
Note 1: These test methods are designed for measuring thickness of core as it is produced and are not intended for use in determining dimensions of core specimens for other tests.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3800-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.  
5.2 Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus of both a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.  
5.3 Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C365/C365M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of Sandwich Cores

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flatwise compressive strength and modulus are fundamental mechanical properties of sandwich cores that are used in designing sandwich panels. Deformation data can be obtained, and from a complete force versus deformation curve, it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any applied force (such as compressive stress at proportional limit force or compressive strength at the maximum force) and to compute the effective modulus of the core.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the flatwise compressive strength and modulus for sandwich core structural design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 In order to prevent local crushing of some honeycomb cores, it is often desirable to stabilize the facing plane surfaces with a suitable material, such as a thin layer of resin or thin facings. Flatwise compressive strength data may be generated using either stabilized specimens (reported as stabilized compression strength) or non-stabilized specimens (reported as bare compression strength). It is customary aerospace industry practice to determine compression modulus only when using stabilized specimens.  
5.4 Factors that influence the flatwise compressive strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (cell size), core density, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, and speed of testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength and modulus of sandwich cores. These properties are usually determined for design purposes in a direction normal to the plane of the face sheets (also referred to as the facing plane) as the core would be placed in a structural sandwich construction. The test procedures pertain to compression in this direction in particular, but also can be applied with possible minor variations to determining compressive properties in other directions. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of compressive core crush properties. Reference Test Method D7336/D7336M for determination of static energy absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich core materials.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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