ASTM E2927-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of elemental concentrations in the range of approximately 0.1 µgg-1 to 10 percent (%) (See Table X1.1) in soda-lime glass samples (7 and 8). A standard test method can aid in the interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation and use of glass databases.
5.2 The determination of elemental concentrations in glass provides high discriminating value in the forensic comparison of glass fragments.
5.3 This test method produces minimal destruction of the sample. Microscopic craters of 50 µm to 100 µm in diameter by 80 µm to 150 µm deep are left in the glass fragment after analysis. The mass removed per replicate is approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg (6).
5.4 Appropriate sampling techniques shall be used to account for natural heterogeneity of the materials at a microscopic scale.
5.5 The precision, bias, and limits of detection of the method (for each element measured) shall be established during validation of the method. The measurement uncertainty of any concentration value used for a comparison shall be recorded with the concentration.
5.6 Acid digestion of glass followed by either Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) can also be used for trace elemental analysis of glass, and offer similar detection levels and the ability for quantitative analysis. However, these methods are destructive, and require larger sample sizes and more sample preparation (Test Method E2330).
5.7 Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) uses comparable sample sizes to those used for LA-ICP-MS with the advantage of being non-destructive of the sample. Some of the drawbacks of µ-XRF include lower sensitivity and precision, and longer analysis time (Test Method E2926).
5.8 Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) is also available for elemental analysis, but it is of limited use for forensic glass source d...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere (1-5).2 Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float glass fragments.
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 µg to 3 µg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm by 0.2 mm (6) in dimension. The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (µgg-1) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method can be applied for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be required.
1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the respo...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2927 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass
Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma
1
Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they can
be discriminated by their physical, optical, or chemical properties (for example, color, refractive index
(RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of these observed and
measured properties, it can be determined that they did not originate from the same source of broken
glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all these observed and measured properties, the
possibility exists that they originated from the same source of glass. The use of an elemental analysis
method such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields high discrimina-
tion among sources of glass.
1. Scope small as 0.1 mm by 0.1 mm by 0.2 mm (6) in dimension. The
concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative
-1
parts per million (μgg ) to percent (%) levels in soda-lime
elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements:
glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases.
lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K),
This standard method can be applied for the quantitative
calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn),
analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in
rubidium (Rb), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba),
the reference standard glasses and the element menu may be
lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf)
required.
and lead (Pb) through the use of laser ablation inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the 1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic
science practitioners with the requisite formal education,
forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these
elements to provide the best discrimination among different discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demon-
strated proficiency to perform forensic casework.
sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere
2
(1-5). Silicon (Si) is also monitored for use as a normalization
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor the orientation of float
standard.
glass fragments.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 μg to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3 μg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of full
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2023. Published January 2024. Originally
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ɛ1
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2927 – 16 . DOI:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
10.1520/E2927-23.
2
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
this standard. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2927 − 23
-1
2. Referenced Documents 0.1 μgg to 10 percent (%) (See Table X1.1) in soda-lime glass
3 samples (7 and 8). A standard test method can aid in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interchange of data between laboratories and in the creation
C162 Terminology of Glas
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E2927 − 16 E2927 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Trace Elements in Soda-Lime Glass
Samples Using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma
1
Mass Spectrometry for Forensic Comparisons
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 11.1 in December 2017.
INTRODUCTION
One objective of a forensic glass examination is to compare glass samples to determine if they
maycan be discriminated usingby their physical, optical, or chemical properties (for example, color,
refractive index (RI), density, elemental composition). If the samples are distinguishable in any of
these observed and measured properties, it may be concludedcan be determined that they did not
originate from the same source of broken glass. If the samples are indistinguishable in all of these
observed and measured properties, the possibility exists that they originated from the same source of
glass may not be eliminated. glass. The use of an elemental analysis method such as laser ablation
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry yields high discrimination among sources of glass.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the quantitative elemental analysis of the following seventeen elements: lithium (Li),
magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), rubidium (Rb),
strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), barium (Ba), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf) and lead (Pb) through
the use of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometrylaser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the forensic comparison of glass fragments. The potential of these elements to provide the best
2
discrimination among different sources of soda-lime glasses has been published elsewhere ((1-5).). Silicon (Si) is also monitored
for use as a normalization standard. Additional elements may be added as needed, for example, tin (Sn) can be used to monitor
the orientation of float glass fragments.
1.2 The method only consumes approximately 0.4 to 2 μg 0.4 μg to 3 μg of glass per replicate and is suitable for the analysis of
full thickness samples as well as irregularly shaped fragments as small as 0.1 mm by 0.4 mm 0.1 mm by 0.2 mm (6) in dimension.
-1
The concentrations of the elements listed above range from the low parts per million (μgg ) to percent (%) levels in
soda-lime-silicatesoda-lime glass, the most common type encountered in forensic cases. This standard method maycan be applied
for the quantitative analysis of other glass types; however, some modifications in the reference standard glasses and the element
menu may be required.
1.3 This standard does not replace knowledge, skill, ability, experience, education or training is intended for use by competent
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 15, 2023. Published April 2017January 2024. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20132016 as
ɛ1
E2927 – 13.16 . DOI: 10.1520/E2927-16E01.10.1520/E2927-23.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2927 − 23
forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917and should be
used in conjunction with professional judgment.), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international s
...
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