ASTM D1230-10(2016)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1230 cannot be recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal regulations require apparel fabrics to meet the criteria of 16 CFR Part 1610 and correlation of test results with actual performance has not been established. Although Test Method D1230 is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it provides a less expensive and time consuming research tool than 16 CFR Part 1610.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1230 for testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties shall take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens shall be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories shall be compared using a nonparametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors as ease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released, and design of the garment. This test measures two such factors: ease of ignition and flame spread time.
5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammability classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of application of the flame a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from items other than children's sleepwear or protective clothing.
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that clothing fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D1230 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Apparel Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The terminology section was editorially revised in April 2016.
1. Scope 2.2 AATCC Test Method:
124 - 2011 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics after Re-
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flamma-
peated Home Laundering
bility of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from
2.3 CPSC Guidance Document:
items other than children’s sleepwear or protective clothing.
16CFRPart1610 StandardfortheFlammabilityofClothing
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of
Textiles October 2008
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
2.4 ISO Standards
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
ISO 4880 Burning behaviour of textiles and textile products
factors required for fire hazard or risk assessment of the
ISO 13943 Fire safety
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
3. Terminology
1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
3.1 For Terminology related to the burning behavior of
conducting these tests.
textiles, See Terminology D4391.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: base
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610,
Flammability of ClothingTextiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission burn, combustible textile, dry cleaning, flame application time,
regulations require that clothing fabrics introduced into commerce meet
flame spread, flame-spread time, flame retardant, flame-
the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
retardant-treated, flammability, ignition, interlining,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the laundering, plain surface textile fabric, raised fiber surface,
standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.
refurbish, surface flash.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nology D123.
responsibility of the user of this test method to establish
4. Summary of Test Method
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 The test method provides methods of testing the flam-
mability of textiles from or intended to be used for apparel,
2. Referenced Documents
explains three classes of flammability, sets forth the require-
2.1 ASTM Standards: ments for classifying textiles, and warns against the use of
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles single or multilayer textile fabrics that have burning character-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards istics considered by the trade to make them unsuitable for
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of apparel.
Textiles
4.2 Specimens cut from the textile are prepared by brushing
if they have a raised fiber surface. All textiles require testing
before and after refurbishing. Refurbishing consists of one
cycle of drycleaning followed by laundering of all textiles. A
1 specimen is inserted in a frame, dried in an oven and placed in
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1230–10. DOI: AATCC Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists
10.1520/D1230-10R16E01. and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromtheU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,www.cpsc.gov.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
the ASTM website. www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1230 − 10 (2016)
a dessicator before testing. The framed specimen is held in the 5.5 This test method is not applicable to hats, gloves,
flammability tester at an angle of 45°, a standardized flame is footwear, or interlining fabrics.
applied to the surface near the lower end for 1 6 0.1 s, and the
6. Apparatus and Materials
time required for the flame to proceed up the fabric a distance
of 127 6 0.2 mm (5 6 0.019 in.) is recorded. Notation is made
6.1 Flammability Tester, with a separate timer capable of
as to whether the base of a raised-surface fabric ignites, chars,
providingflameimpingementonthespecimenfor1 + 0.01sas
melts, or fuses.
shown in Fig. 1 or an equivalent electrically operated tester
equipped with an automatic electric timer, as described in
5. Significance and Use
Annex A1. Testers are normally supplied with specimen
holders.
5.1 Test Method D1230 cannot be recommended for the
acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal
6.2 Brushing Device, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
regulations require apparel fabrics to meet the criteria of 16
and described in Annex A1.
CFR Part 1610 and correlation of test results with actual
6.3 Drycleaning Machine—Acommercial dry cleaning ma-
performance has not been established. Although Test Method
chine shall be capable of providing a complete automatic
D1230 is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful
dry-to-drycycleusingperchloroethylenesolventandacationic
because it provides a less expensive and time consuming
drycleaning detergent.
research tool than 16 CFR Part 1610.
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when usingTest Method D1230 for testing 6.5 Desiccator,
of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall
6.6 Anhydrous Silica Gel,
conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical
6.7 Butane, CP.
bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assis-
tance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a
6.8 AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent.
minimum, the two parties shall take a group of test specimens
6.9 Perchlorethylene, commercial grade.
whichareashomogeneousaspossibleandwhicharefromalot
6.10 Drycleaning Detergent, amine sulfonate type/
of material of the type in question. The test specimens shall be
(catatonic).
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
testing. The average results from the two laboratories shall be
6.11 Cotton Sewing Thread, No. 50, mercerized.
compared using a nonparametric test for unpaired data and an
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before 7. Sampling
testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for testing, take at random
found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must
the number of primary sampling units directed in an applicable
agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
chaserandthesupplier.Forfabric,considerrollsoffabrictobe
5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as
the primary sampling units. For garments, consider shipping
well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are
cartons to be the primary sampling units.
combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing
are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the
as ease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released,
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
and design of the garment.This test measures two such factors: between primary sampling units and within primary sampling units so as
to provide a sampling plan which has a meaningful producer’s risk,
ease of ignition and flame spread time.
consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.Alot
5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammability sample normally consists of a very small fraction of the total primary
sampling units.
classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of appli-
cation of the flame and for time of flame spread. These limits
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for testing,
are based on extensive testing experience and are believed to
proceed as follows:
1 1
beausefulguideinjudgingtherelativeflammabilityofapparel
7.2.1 For fabric take a full-width swatch ⁄2m( ⁄2 yd) long
textiles. It must be understood, however, that no guarantee can
from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
be given and none is implied that garments made from a fabric
discarding any fabric from the very outside of the roll that
or product falling into any one of the flammability classes will
contains folds, creases, or any evidence of displaced weave.
not be hazardous under some conditions.
7.2.2 For garments, take the number of garments per ship-
5.3.1 Because of the sensitivity of fabrics to ambient atmo-
ping carton in the lot sample directed in an applicable material
spheric conditions, technique of specimen preparation, and
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and
inherentvariabilityintheclothitself,testresultsarenotalways
supplier.
closely reproducible either in the same laboratory or among
7.3 Test Specimens:
several laboratories.
7.3.1 Use exploratory tests as directed in to select the
5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a large orientation of specimens, the face of the fabric tobe tested, and
effect on flammability. Therefore, fabrics are tested before as the part of any pattern to be tested so as to maximize the rate
well as after one cycle of drycleaning followed by laundering. of flame spread.
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D1230 − 10 (2016)
FIG. 1 Sketch of Flammability Apparatus
pile, and that flame spread is most rapid when progressing against the lay
7.3.2 For fabric, cut final test specimens from each swatch
of the pile.
in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For fabrics that can
be refurbished, cut additional final test specimens from each
8.2 Marking and Cutting, General Directions—Mark out
swatch in the lot sample after the swatches have been refur- the required number of specimens (See Section 9) each 50 by
bished as directed in 9.2. Identify the specimens as coming
150 mm (2 by 6 in.) on the surface opposite that to be tested,
from a swatch before or after refurbishing. with the long dimension in the direction in which burning is
7.3.3 For garments, cut final test specimens from each
most rapid as established in the preliminary trials (See 8.1).
garment in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For Long dimension is the longer length of test specimen for
garments that can be refurbished, cut additional final test
purposes of this method. In cases where it is difficult to
specimens from each garment in the lot sample after the determine the direction of the lay of the nap, it is possible to
garments have been refurbished as directed in 9.2. Identify the identify it following the method stated in the CPSC Laboratory
specimens as coming from a garment before or after refurbish- Manual: Laboratory Test Manual for 16 CFR Part 1610.
ing. Identify the end of each specimen toward which, and on the
surface of which flame spread is most rapid by attaching a
8. Preparation of Specimens
staple to it. Then cut specimens from the fabric. Place any
identification markings on the side and end opposite of that to
8.1 Perform tests on the fabric as it will reach the consumer.
be tested.
Accomplish exploratory testing to determine the proper orien-
tation of specimens, face of fabric and part of pattern to be
9. Specimens for Final Testing
tested by marking and cutting (see 8.2) a single 50 by 150 mm
(2 by 6 in.) specimen for each fabric surface, direction, and
9.1 Test all fabrics as received per 9.1.1. If fabric is Class 3
pattern and testing according to Section 10.
as-received (See Sections 11 and 12) proceed to Section 13.If
fabric is Class 1 or Class 2 as-received (See Sections 11 and
NOTE 3—For fabric with a raised-fiber surface, it is usually found that
the long dimension of the specimen needs to be parallel with the lay of the 12) proceed to 9.1.2.
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D1230 − 10 (2016)
FIG. 2 Brush (SI)
FIG. 3 Brush (in./lb)
´1
D1230 − 10 (2016)
NOTE 1—See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
FIG. 4 Brushing Device
9.1.1 Fabric as Received—Cut five specimens (see, maximum wash load of 3.63 kg (8 lbs) shall be used. Tumble
however, 11.1) as directed in 8.2, in addition to the one dry, Durable Press, using an exhaust temperature of 66 6 5°C
previously tested in the preliminary trials. Specimen is a (150 6 10°F), and a cool down time of 10 min.
section of sample to be tested having specific dimension. Five
9.2.3 Cut five or ten specimens (as indicated in 11.1)of
or ten specimens are required to be tested for a complete test.
refurbished fabric as directed in 8.2.
(Refer to Section 11 for additional information as to when an
NOTE 4—Drycleaning followed by laundering is intended to remove
additional five specimens are required.)
additives which could affect the burning characteristics of the textile.
9.1.2 Refurbished Fabric—Cut a swatch large enough to
9.3 SpecimenMounting—Clamp the specimens individually
provide five or ten specimens, as indicated in 11.1, with
in the specimen holders of the flammability tester. Insert the
allowance for shrinkage in dry cleaning and washing, and
specimen in the frame so that the bottom edge of the specimen
subject the swatch to drycleaning and washing procedures as
coincides exactly with the lower edge of the longest (top)
per 9.2. Specimen is a section of sample to be tested having
frame.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbylayingthespecimenonthe
specific dimension. Five or ten specimens are required to be
bottom (shorter) frame so that the top edge of the specimen
tested for a complete test. (Refer to Section 11 for additional
coincides exactly with the top of the cut out portion of the
information as to the need for an addition
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1230 − 10 D1230 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Flammability of Apparel Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1230; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The terminology section was editorially revised in April 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the flammability of textile fabrics as they reach the consumer for or from items
other than children’s sleepwear or protective clothing.
1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.3 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations
require that clothing fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard; inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
D4391 Terminology Relating to The Burning Behavior of Textiles
2.2 AATCC Test Method:
124 - 20062011 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics after Repeated Home Laundering
2.3 CPSC Guidance Document:
16 CFR Part 1610 Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles October 2008
2.4 ISO Standards
ISO 4880 Burning behaviour of textiles and textile products
ISO 13943 Fire safety
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated with textile issues refer to the terminology contained in
Terminology D123, the Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemistsand Colorists and ISO4880. In case of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved July 15, 2010April 1, 2016. Published November 2010 April 2016. Originally approved in 1952. Discontinued January 2010 and reinstated as
D1230–10. Last previous edition approved in 20012010 as D1230–94(2001).D1230–10. DOI: 10.1520/D1230-10.10.1520/D1230-10R16E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
AATCC Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Available from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, www.cpsc.gov.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D1230 − 10 (2016)
conflict, the definitions given in Terminology D123 shall prevail. For definitions of terms used in this test method and associated
with fire issues refer to the terminology contained in Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given
in Terminology E176 shall prevail.
3.1.2 combustible textile, n—a textile that will ignite and burn or that will give off vapors that ignite and burn when subjected
to external sources of ignition.
3.1.3 dry cleaning, n—the cleaning of samples in a commercial dry cleaning machine.
3.1.4 flame application time, n—the time for which the ignition flame is applied to a material.
3.1.5 flame spread, n—the propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition.
3.1.6 flame-spread time, n—the time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specified distance under specified
conditions.
3.1.7 flame retardant, n—a chemical used to impart flame resistance.
3.1.8 flame-retardant-treated, adj—having received a flame-retardant treatment.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—
The term does not apply to textiles that are inherently flame resistant due to the intrinsic properties of the material or the
fiber-forming polymer.
3.1.9 flammability, n—those characteristics of a material that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain
combustion.
3.1.10 ignition, n—the initiation of combustion.
3.1.11 interlining, n—any textile which is intended for incorporation into an article of wearing apparel as a layer between an
outer shell and an inner lining.
3.1.12 laundering, n—for this test method, in textile product care, a process intended to (washing) with an aqueous detergent
solution (and possibly bleach) and include subsequent rinsing, extracting, and drying.
3.1.13 refurbish, v—as applied to textile products, to brighten or freshen up and restore to wearability or use by cleaning such
as drycleaning, laundering, or steam cleaning.
3.1 For Terminology related to the burning behavior of textiles, See Terminology D4391.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: base burn, combustible textile, dry cleaning, flame application time,
flame spread, flame-spread time, flame retardant, flame-retardant-treated, flammability, ignition, interlining, laundering, plain
surface textile fabric, raised fiber surface, refurbish, surface flash.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 base burn, n—the point at which the flame burns the ground (base) fabric of a raised surface textile fabric and provides
a self-sustaining flame.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Base burn is also known as base fabric ignition or fusing. The base burns used to establish a Class 3 fabric are those burns resulting
from surface flash that occur on specimens in places other than the point of impingement when the warp and fill yarns of a raised
surface textile fabric undergo combustion. Base burns can be identified by an opacity change, scorching on the reverse side of the
fabric, or when a physical hole is evident.
3.2.2 burn time, n—the time elapsed from ignition until the stop thread is severed as measured by the timing mechanism of the
test apparatus.
3.2.3 plain surface textile fabric, n—any textile fabric which does not have an intentionally raised fiber or yarn surface such as
a pile, nap, or tuft, but shall include those fabrics that have fancy woven, knitted or flock-printed surfaces.
3.2.4 raised fiber surface, n—in textile fabrics, intentionally lifted fibers or yarns such as pile, napped, tufted, flocked, or similar
surfaces.
3.2.5 surface flash, n—the burning of the surface fibers, with no base fiber burning.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology
D123 and to the .Technical Manual of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
´1
D1230 − 10 (2016)
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test method provides methods of testing the flammability of textiles from or intended to be used for apparel, explains
three classes of flammability, sets forth the requirements for classifying textiles, and warns against the use of single or multilayer
textile fabrics that have burning characteristics considered by the trade to make them unsuitable for apparel.
4.2 Specimens cut from the textile are prepared by brushing if they have a raised fiber surface. All textiles require testing before
and after refurbishing. Refurbishing consists of one cycle of drycleaning followed by laundering of all textiles. A specimen is
inserted in a frame, dried in an oven and placed in a dessicator before testing. The framed specimen is held in the flammability
tester at an angle of 45°, a standardized flame is applied to the surface near the lower end for 1 6 0.1 s, and the time required for
the flame to proceed up the fabric a distance of 127 6 0.2 mm (5 6 0.019 in.) is recorded. Notation is made as to whether the
base of a raised-surface fabric ignites, chars, melts, or fuses.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Test Method D1230 cannot be recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments since Federal regulations
require apparel fabrics to meet the criteria of 16 CFR Part 1610 and correlation of test results with actual performance has not been
established. Although Test Method D1230 is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it provides a less
expensive and time consuming research tool than 16 CFR Part 1610.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1230 for testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier shall conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two
parties shall take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type
in question. The test specimens shall be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results
from the two laboratories shall be compared using a nonparametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen
by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are
combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors as
ease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released, and design of the garment. This test measures two such factors: ease
of ignition and flame spread time.
5.3 In order to place fabrics in one of the three flammability classes, arbitrary limits have been selected for time of application
of the flame and for time of flame spread. These limits are based on extensive testing experience and are believed to be a useful
guide in judging the relative flammability of apparel textiles. It must be understood, however, that no guarantee can be given and
none is implied that garments made from a fabric or product falling into any one of the flammability classes will not be hazardous
under some conditions.
5.3.1 Because of the sensitivity of fabrics to ambient atmospheric conditions, technique of specimen preparation, and inherent
variability in the cloth itself, test results are not always closely reproducible either in the same laboratory or among several
laboratories.
5.4 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a large effect on flammability. Therefore, fabrics are tested before as well as
after one cycle of drycleaning followed by laundering.
5.5 This test method is not applicable to hats, gloves, footwear, or interlining fabrics.
6. Apparatus and Materials
6.1 Flammability Tester,, with a separate timer capable of providing flame impingement on the specimen for 1 + 0.01 s as shown
in Fig. 1 or an equivalent electrically operated tester equipped with an automatic electric timer, as described in Annex A1. Testers
are normally supplied with specimen holders.
6.2 Brushing Device, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and described in Annex A1.
6.3 Drycleaning Machine—A commercial dry cleaning machine shall be capable of providing a complete automatic dry-to-dry
cycle using perchloroethylene solvent and a cationic drycleaning detergent.
6.4 Laboratory Drying Oven.
6.5 Desiccator,
6.6 Anhydrous Silica Gel,
6.7 Butane, CP.
6.8 AATCC 1993 Standard Reference Detergent.
6.9 Perchlorethylene, commercial grade.
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D1230 − 10 (2016)
FIG. 1 Sketch of Flammability Apparatus
6.10 Drycleaning Detergent, amine sulfonate type/(catatonic).
6.11 Cotton Sewing Thread, No. 50, mercerized.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for testing, take at random the number of primary sampling units directed in an applicable
material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. For fabric, consider rolls of fabric to be the
primary sampling units. For garments, consider shipping cartons to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between
primary sampling units and within primary sampling units so as to provide a sampling plan which has a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk,
acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level. A lot sample normally consists of a very small fraction of the total primary sampling units.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for testing, proceed as follows:
1 1
7.2.1 For fabric take a full-width swatch ⁄2 m ( ⁄2 yd) long from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
discarding any fabric from the very outside of the roll that contains folds, creases, or any evidence of displaced weave.
7.2.2 For garments, take the number of garments per shipping carton in the lot sample directed in an applicable material
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and supplier.
7.3 Test Specimens:
7.3.1 Use exploratory tests as directed in to select the orientation of specimens, the face of the fabric to be tested, and the part
of any pattern to be tested so as to maximize the rate of flame spread.
7.3.2 For fabric, cut final test specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample as directed in 9.1. For fabrics that can be
refurbished, cut additional final test specimens fro
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