ASTM A304-16
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench Hardenability Requirements
ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon and alloy steel bars subject to end-quench hardenability requirements. The methods for estimating the hardness value of the material are presented. Method A is the minimum and maximum hardness values at any desired distance, Method B is the minimum and maximum distances at which any desired hardness value occurs, Method C is the two maximum hardness values at two desired distances, Method D is the two minimum hardness values at two desired distances, and Method E is any minimum hardness plus any maximum hardness. The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition. The fine austenitic grain size requirements of the steel material are presented in details. The end-quench hardenability shall conform to the requirements specified on the purchase order. The test specimen requirements indicates that, the number and location of test specimens shall be in accordance with the manufacturers standard practice and shall adequately represent the hardenability of each heat, also, all forged or rolled hardenability test specimens must be normalized prior to testing. The grain size and end-quench hardenability test methods are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot-worked alloy, carbon, and carbon-boron steels in a variety of compositions and sizes, which may attain specified depth of hardening in the end quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the suffix letter “H” added to the conventional grade number.
1.2 This specification provides for analyses other than those listed under Tables 1 and 2. Special hardenability limits are also permissible when approved by the purchaser and manufacturer. (A) New designations established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086, Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).(B) Sulfur content range is 0.035 to 0.050 %.(C) These steels can be expected to have a 0.0005 % min boron content.(D) Vanadium content range is 0.10 to 0.15 %.(E) Minimum vanadium content is 0.15 %. (A) Standard H Steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15–0.35 %. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L” between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 15L22 H. Lead is generally reported as a range of 0.15–0.35 %.(B) New designations established in accordance with Practice E527 and SAE J 1086, Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS).(C) These steels can be expected to have 0.0005 % min boron content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Designation:A304 −16
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench
1
Hardenability Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 hardenability—the relative ability of a steel to harden
under heat treatment becomes apparent in the degree to which
1.1 This specification covers hot-worked alloy, carbon, and
the material hardens when quenched at different cooling rates.
carbon-boron steels in a variety of compositions and sizes,
It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or
which may attain specified depth of hardening in the end
depth of hardening of a standard size and shape test specimen
quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the
in a standardized quench. In the “end-quench” test the “depth
suffix letter “H” added to the conventional grade number.
of hardening” is the distance along the specimen from the
1.2 This specification provides for analyses other than those
quenched end to a given hardness.
listed under Tables 1 and 2. Special hardenability limits are
also permissible when approved by the purchaser and manu-
4. Ordering Information
facturer.
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
include the following information, in proper sequence:
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1.1 Quantity (weight),
standard.
4.1.2 Name of material (alloy, carbon, or carbon-boron
steel),
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.3 Cross-sectional shape,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.4 Size,
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
4.1.5 Length,
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
4.1.6 Grade,
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
4.1.7 End-quenched hardenability (see Section 9),
Finished
4.1.8 Report of heat analysis, if desired (see Section 7),
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
4.1.9 Special straightness, if required,
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
4.1.10 ASTM designation and date of issue,
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the
4.1.11 End use or special requirements, and
Unified Numbering System (UNS)
4.1.12 Leaded steel, when required.
3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard:
J 1086 Numbering Metals and Alloys
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb, alloy
6
bars, round, 4.0 in. dia by 10 ft, Grade 1340H, J 40⁄56 = ⁄16 in., heat
analysis required, ASTM A304, dated ________, worm gear.
3. Terminology
4.2 The purchaser shall specify the desired grade, including
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the suffix letter “H,” in accordance with Table 1 or Table 2.
4.3 Band limits are shown graphically and as tabulations in
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Figs. 2-87, inclusive. For specifications purposes, the tabulated
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.15 on Bars.
values of Rockwell C hardness are used. Values below 20
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published January 2017. Originally
Rockwell C hardness (20 HRC) are not specified because such
approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A304 – 11. DOI:
values are below the normal range of the C scale. The graphs
10.1520/A0304-16.
2
are shown for convenience in estimating the hardness values
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
obtainable at various locations on the end quench test bar and
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’ Document Summary page on
for various locations in oil or water quenched rounds. The
the ASTM website.
3
relationship between end-quench distance and bar diameter is
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
PA 15096, http://www.sae.org. approximate and should be used only as a guide.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A304−16
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Alloy H Steels
NOTE 1—Phosphorus and sulfur in electric-furnace steel (designated by the prefix letter “E”) is 0.025 %, max.
NOTE 2—Small quantities of certain elemen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A304 − 11 A304 − 16
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Bars Subject to End-Quench
1
Hardenability Requirements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers hot-worked alloy, carbon, and carbon-boron steels in a variety of compositions and sizes, which
may attain specified depth of hardening in the end quench test. These steel compositions are identified by the suffix letter “H” added
to the conventional grade number.
1.2 This specification provides for analyses other than those listed under Tables 1 and 2. Special hardenability limits are also
permissible when approved by the purchaser and manufacturer.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A29/A29M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS)
3
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard:
J 1086 Numbering Metals and Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 hardenability—the relative ability of a steel to harden under heat treatment becomes apparent in the degree to which the
material hardens when quenched at different cooling rates. It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the extent or depth of
hardening of a standard size and shape test specimen in a standardized quench. In the “end-quench” test the “depth of hardening”
is the distance along the specimen from the quenched end to a given hardness.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the following information, in proper sequence:
4.1.1 Quantity (weight),
4.1.2 Name of material (alloy, carbon, or carbon-boron steel),
4.1.3 Cross-sectional shape,
4.1.4 Size,
4.1.5 Length,
4.1.6 Grade,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15
on Bars.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2011January 2017. Originally approved in 1947. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as
A304 – 05A304 – 11. (2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0304-11.10.1520/A0304-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’ Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A304 − 16
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements of Alloy H Steels
NOTE 1—Phosphorus and sulfur in open-hearth steel is 0.035 %, max, and 0.040 %, max respectively. Phosphorus and sulfur in electric-furnace steel
(designated by the prefix letter “E”) is 0.025 %, max.
NOTE 2—Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels that are not specified or required. These elements are considered as incidental
and may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35 %; nickel, 0.25 %; chromium, 0.20 %; molybdenum, 0.06 %.
NOTE 3—Chemical ranges and limits shown in this table are subject to the permissible variation for product analysis shown in Specification A29/A29M.
NOTE 4—Standard “H” Steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15–0.35 %. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L” between the
second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 41L40H. Lead is generally reported as a range of 0.15–0.35 %.
Chemical Composition, %
UNS
Grade Designation
A
Designation
Carbon Manganese Silic
...
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