ASTM D4964-96(2020)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing loop tension and elongation of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method D1775 because of the differences in testing machines. Test Method D1775 uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
5.3 The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments, brassieres, and swimsuits.
5.4 Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be compared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension, maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications are compa...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
Note 1: For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at which the test results will be determined.
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and drying cycles to be used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4964 − 96 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-
of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of- D1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine. Elastic Fabrics (Withdrawn 2000)
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
NOTE 1—For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
Methods
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or
mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at
3. Terminology
which the test results will be determined.
3.1 For all terminology related to Subcommittee D13.59 on
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the
Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
drying cycles to be used.
constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine (CRE),
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
constant-rate-or-load tensile testing machine (CRL), elastic
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
fabric, elongation, extension, extension-recovery cycle, force,
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system
loop tension, narrow elastic fabric, tension, tension-recovery
must be used independently of the other, without combining
chart, tension test, wide elastic fabric.
values in any way.
3.3 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Loop Tension at Specified Elongation(s)—Aconditioned
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- machine. The specimen is then extended at a specified rate to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the a specified loop tension, and returned at a specified rate to zero
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a total of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical threecycles.Duringthetest,extension-recoverycurvesmaybe
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. plotted by an automatic recorder for all or only the third cycle.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
General. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4964 – 96(2016). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D4964-96R20. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4964 − 96 (2020)
The tension at specified percent elongation(s) is calculated elongation required to rupture the fabric. The test prescribes
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the points of measurement on the extending (outgoing) cycle only.
instrument.
5.6 The test for measuring elongation at specified tension(s)
is used to determine the elongation of an elastic fabric when
4.2 Elongation at Specified Loop Tension—A conditioned
subjected to a specified loop tension which is less than the
loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
tensionrequiredtorupturethefabric.Thetestprescribespoints
machine. The specimen is then loaded at a specified rate to a
of measurement on the loading (outgoing) cycle only.
specified loop tension, and unloaded at a specified rate to zero
loop tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a
6. Apparatus
total of three cycles. During the test, tension-recovery curves
maybeplottedbyanautomaticrecorderforalloronlythethird 6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE-Type, conforming to
cycle. The elongation at a specified loop tension is calculated
Specification D76, equipped with an automatic recording
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the device and cycling controls.
instrument.
6.2 Band Clamps, to hold loop specimen during testing.The
diameter of the anvils will be 13.0 6 0.25 mm (0.5 6 0.01 in.)
5. Significance and Use
or 6.5 6 0.25 mm (0.25 6 0.01 in.). The length of the anvil
will not be less than 76 mm (3.0 in.).
5.1 This test method for testing loop tension and elongation
of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance
6.3 Sewing Machine Single-Needle.
testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the
test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
7. Sampling
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
7.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct
applicable material specification or other agreement between
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is
primary sampling units.
recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
between rolls of fabric, and the variability between specimens from a
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
swatch from a roll of fabric, to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
quality level.
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
compared using student’s t-test for unpaired data and an
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before
tance testing, take a full width swatch,2m(2yd) long, from
the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be
the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must
discarding a minimum of1m(1yd)of fabric from the very
agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the
outside of the roll.
known bias.
7.3 Test Specimens—Take test specimens as follows:
5.2 This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type 7.3.1 Wide Elastic Fabrics—If the purchaser and the sup-
tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned
plier agree to test the fabric in only one direction, cut five
that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not
specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample with the
comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method
long dimension of the specimens parallel to the direction of
D1775 because of the differences in testing machines. Test
test. If the purchaser and the supplier agree to test the fabric in
Method D1775 uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
both directions, from each full-width swatch in the laboratory
sample, cut five specimens parallel to the long dimension and
5.3 The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic
five specimens perpendicular to the long dimension. Speci-
fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the
mens should be spaced along a diagonal to allow for represen-
fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments,
tation in each specimen of different warp and filling areas, or
brassieres, and swimsuits.
waleandcourseareas.Takenospecimensnearerthanonetenth
5.4 Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be com-
of the fabric width from the selvage.
pared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension,
7.3.2 Narrow Elastic Fabric—Cutfivespecimensfromeach
maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications
swatch in the laboratory sample. For narrow knitted or woven
are comparable. Since different machine set-ups will cause
elastic fabrics that are more than 75 mm (3 in.) wide, the
different results on the same fabric, machine set-ups must
purchaser and the supplier may agree to (1) use specimens of
always be specified before making a test and be reported with
the widths specified in 8.1.1 for wide elastic fabrics of
the test results.
5.5 The test for measuring loop tension at specified elonga-
For additional information on obtaining apparatus, equipment, or supplies that
tion(s) is used to determine the tension of an elastic fabric
may be suitable for use in this standard, please visit the ASTM Manufacturers’
when subjected to a specified elongation which is less than the Equipment Directory at www.astm.org.
D4964 − 96 (2020)
comparable construction, or (2) if wide clamps are available, 9.2.3.5 Place the paper loop around the testing machine
use full-width specimens. clamps with the taped joint between the clamps. See Fig. 1.
9.2.3.6 Adjust the clamp spacing until the loop is just snug
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
on the clamp.
9.2.3.7 Rem
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.