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ASTM D4529-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion at constant pressure in metric (SI) units, megajoules per kilogram.
1.2 This test method is purely empirical, and it is applicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining processes from conventional crude oil which conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and compositions as described in Note 1.
Note 1--The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from its aniline point temperature and density is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship between these quantities has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this class, the possibility that the estimates can be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The JP-8 fuel, although not experimentally tested, has properties similar to JP-5 and Jet A fuels and can be considered in the same class. The classes of fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the following applications:Fuel SpecificationAviation gasoline fuels:Specification D 910Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145Specification D 6227 DEF STAN 91-90 NATO Code F-18Aviation turbine fuels: MIL-DTL-5624JP-4, Avtag/FSIIDEF STAN 91-88 NATO Code F-40JP-5, Avcat/FSIIMIL-DTL-5624 DEF STAN 91-86 NATO Code F-44JP-8, Avtur/FSIIMIL-DTL-83133 DEF STAN 91-87 NATO Code F-34Jet A, Jet A-1, AvturSpecification D 1655 DEF STAN 91-91 NATO Code F-35
1.3 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated by Test Method D1405. Test Method D1405 requires calculation of one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with the precision equivalent to that of this test method.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4529-01 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D4529-95 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsASTM D4529-95 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
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ASTM D4529-95 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4529 – 95 An American National Standard
Designation: 381/97
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4529; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope precision equivalent to that of this test method.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of
regarded as the standard.
combustion at constant pressure in metric (SI) units, mega-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
joules per kilogram.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This test method is purely empirical, and it is applicable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
processes from conventional crude oil which conform to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines or aircraft
turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and
2. Referenced Documents
compositions as described in Note 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocar-
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
bon fuel from its aniline point temperature and density is justifiable only
2
eral Bomb Method)
when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship
D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid
between these quantities has been derived from accurate experimental
2
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this class,
the possibility that the estimates can be in error by large amounts for D 611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
2
individual fuels should be recognized. The JP-8 fuel, although not
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
2
experimentally tested, has properties similar to JP-5 and Jet A fuels and
D 910 Specification for Aviation Gasolines
can be considered in the same class. The classes of fuels used to establish
D 941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-
following applications:
2
eter
Fuel Specification
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
2
Aviation gasoline MIL-G-5572
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
Grades 100/130, 100LL ASTM D910
2
D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
and 115/145 DERD 2485
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
NATO Code F-18
2
JP-4, Jet B, Avtag/FSII MIL-T-5624
(Lamp Method)
DERD 2454
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
DERD 2486
Gravity) or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
NATO Code F-40
2
JP-5, Avcat/FSII MIL-T-5624
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
NATO Code F-44
D 1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Com-
JP-8, Avtur/FSII MIL-T-83133
2
bustion of Aviation Fuels
DERD 2453
2
NATO Code F-34
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Jet A, Jet A-1, Avtur ASTM D1655
D 2382 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Hydrocar-
DERD 2494
2
bon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (High-Precision Method)
NATO Code F-35
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
1.3 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated by
3
X-Ray Spectrometry
Test Method D 1405. Test Method D 1405 requires calculation
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
of one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with the
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
3
lometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Petroleum, Coke, and Carbon Materials.
2
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1995. Published October 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
published as D 4529 – 85. Last previous edition D 4529 – 94. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4529
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of must be subtracted from gross heat of combustion determina-
3
Liquids by Digital Density Meter tions to calculate net heat of combustion.
...

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SCOPE
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1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
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3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
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9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
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Annex A4  
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Annex A5  
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Annex A6  
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Annex A8  
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Annex A9  
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5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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Test Method  
Petroleum Products  
Boiling Range, °C (°F)
(approximate)  
A  
Light Distillates  
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B  
Middle Distillates  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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