ASTM A395/A395M-99(2004)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard requirements for ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings are classified by grades based on mechanical property requirements. These iron castings shall meet the specified values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness. Chemical analysis shall be performed wherein the casting shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, and phosphorous. The material shall meet the required tensile properties, hardness, and microstructure. The iron casting shall undergo pressure test after machining. The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the size of the plug used shall be indicated. The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not exceed the prescribed limit. Other defective areas may also be repaired by plugging provided the minimum ligament between plugs in adjacent areas shall not be less than twice the distance from the nearest plug. Three Y-blocks shall be utilized as test coupons. The material shall undergo the following test methods: tension test, chemical analysis, yield strength test, and hardness test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Castings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450°F. For temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Grade 60-40-18 castings are suitable (Note 0).
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping components are generally manufactured in advance and supplied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification A 834 may be utilized.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance to the specification.Note 1
For service other than as specified in this section, reference should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: A 395/A 395M – 99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at
Elevated Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 395/A 395M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-
als
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings for
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2
pressure-retaining parts for use at elevated temperatures. Cast-
in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
ings of all grades are suitable for use up to 450°F. For
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
temperatures above 450°F and up to 650°F, only Grade
12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
60–40–18 castings are suitable (Note 1).
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
1.2 Valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and other piping
[51 mm] in Thickness
components are generally manufactured in advance and sup-
E 689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
plied from stock by the manufacturer, jobber, or dealer.
E 1806 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determi-
1.3 For supplemental casting requirements, Specification
nation of Chemical Composition
A 834 may be utilized.
F 1476 Specification for Performance of Gasketed Me-
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
chanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
F 1548 SpecificationforthePerformanceofFittingsforUse
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
with Gasketed Mechanical Couplings used in Piping Ap-
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
plications
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
2.2 Manufacturer’s Standardization Society of the Valve
twosystemsmayresultinnonconformancetothespecification.
and Fittings Industry Standard:
NOTE 1—For service other than as specified in this section, reference
SP 25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Flanges, Pipe
should be made to Specification A 536 for Ductile Iron Castings.
Fittings, and Unions
2. Referenced Documents
3. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 Castings ordered to this specification are classified by
A 247 Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
grades based on mechanical property requirements, as listed in
Graphite in Iron Castings
Table 1. See note following Table 1.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
of Steel Products
4. Ordering Information
A 536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
the following applicable information:
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
4.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identifications,
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
4.1.1.1 For grade 65-45-15, drawing indicating critical ar-
A 834 Specification for Common Requirements for Iron
ea(s) of casting (see 7.2.2 and 7.3.2).
Castings for General Industrial Use
4.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
4.1.4 Grade (See Table 1), if a Grade is not specified, the
manufacturer shall supply grade 60-40-18.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable and
4.1.5 Heat-treating requirements (see 5.2.1),
Ductile Iron Castings.
4.1.6 Pressure test requirements (see 7.4.3),
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
´1 4.1.7 Test samples from castings (see 11.1.1 and 12.1.1),
approvedin1955.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1999asA 395/A 395M – 99 .
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
the ASTM website. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 395/A 395M – 99 (2004)
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements
7.2 Hardness:
Property Grade 60-40-18 Grade 65-45-15
7.2.1 For Grade 60–40–18, the hardness of the castings and
test specimens shall be within the limits in Table 1.
Tensile Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 60 000 [415] 65 000 [450]
Yield Strength Minimum, psi [MPa] 40 000 [275] 45 000 [310]
7.2.2 For Grade 65–45–15, the hardness of test specimen
Elongation in 2 in. Minimum, % 18 15
and the critical area(s) of the casting, as identified on the
Hardness HB, 3000 kgf Load 143-187 156-201
casting drawing, shall be within the limits in Table 1. If the
NOTE—If a grade is not specified in the ordering information, grade 60–40–18
grade 65–45–15 casting drawing does not have critical area(s)
will be supplied.
of the casting identified, all areas of the casting shall be within
the hardness limits in Table 1.
4.1.8 Test coupons size (see 11.2),
4.1.9 Metallographic option (see 12.1.1), 7.3 Microstructure:
4.1.10 Place of inspection (see 16.1),
7.3.1 For Grade 60-40-18, the microstructure of the sepa-
4.1.11 Certification requirements (see 17.1),
rately cast test coupon or the casting shall be essentially ferritic
4.1.12 Identification marking (see 18.2), and
and contain no massive carbides, and have a minimum of 90 %
4.1.13 Supplemental Requirements (see 1.4, 7.4.2,S1and
Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig. 1 or Plate I of Test
S2).
Method A 247.
7.3.2 For Grade 65-45-15, the microstructure of the critical
5. Materials and Manufacture
areas of the casting, as identified on the casting drawing, shall
5.1 The melting method and the nodularizing practice shall
be 45 % pearlitic, maximum, contain no massive carbides, and
be optional with the foundry.
have a minimum 90 % Type I and Type II Graphite as in Fig.
5.2 Except as provided in 5.2.1, all castings Grade 60-40-18
1 or Plate I of Test Method A 247.
shall be given a ferritizing heat treatment that produces
7.4 Pressure Test Requirements:
essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive car-
7.4.1 Each pressure retaining Grade 60-40-18 casting shall
bides.
be tested after machining to the test pressure specified by the
5.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, Grade 60-40-18
applicable standard of ANSI, ASME Boiler and Pressure
castings may be provided in an as-cast condition provided they
Vessel Code, or other pertinent code, and shall show no leaks.
comply with the requirements of 7.1 and 7.2.1.
7.4.2 Castings Grade 65-45-15 manufactured under this
5.2.2 Castings supplied in accordance with 5.2.1 may be
specification shall be capable of passing hydrostatic test(s)
stress relieved by agreement between the manufacturer and
compatible with the rating of the finished cast component.
purchaser.
Such tests shall be conducted by the casting manufacturer only
5.3 Castings Grade 65-45-15 may be provided in as-cast
when Supplementary Requirement S2 is specified.
condition or heat treated, provided they comply with the
7.4.3 Castings Grade 60-40-18, ordered under this specifi-
requirements of 7.1, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2.
cation not covered by ANSI standards and ASME Pressure
6. Chemical Requirements
VesselCode,andcastingsforspecialserviceapplications,shall
be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon by the
6.1 The casting shall conform to the following requirements
manufacturer and the purchaser.
for chemical composition (Note 2):
7.4.4 For castings Grade 60-40-18, it is realized that the
Total carbon, min, % 3.00
Silicon, max, % 2.50
foundry may be unable to perform the hydrostatic test prior to
Phosphorus, max, % 0.08
shipment, or that the purchaser may wish to defer testing until
6.1.1 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made additional work or machining has been performed on the
on chilled cast pencil type specimens or from thin wafers casting. Castings ordered in the rough state for final machining
approximately ⁄32 in. [0.8 mm] thick cut from test coupons. by the purchaser may be tested hydrostatically prior to ship-
Drillings are not reliable because of the probable loss of ment by the manufacturer at pressures to be agreed upon with
graphite. the purchaser. However, the foundry is responsible for the
6.1.2 For each reduction of 0.01 % below the maximum
satisfactory performance of the castings under the final hydro-
specified phosphorus content, an increase of 0.08 % silicon static test.
above the specified maximum will be permitted up to a
maximum of 2.75 %. 8. Workmanship and Finish
NOTE 2—Silicon contents above 2.75 %, or phosphorus contents above 8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
0.08 % have a tendency to lower the impact resistance of the material. If
and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot
the carbon content is below 3.00 %, excess cementite may form during
tears. Any other surface discontinuities shall meet visual
cooling and if this is not removed during heat treatment, the impact
acceptance standards specified in the order.
resistance of the material may be lowered.
9. Repair
7. Requirements
7.1 Tensile Properties: 9.1 Castings for valves, flanges, pipe fittings, pumps, and
7.1.1 The ductile iron as represented by the test specimens other piping components ordered under applicable ANSI stan-
shallconformtothemechanicalpropertyrequirementsinTable dards shall not be repaired by plugging, welding, brazing, or
1. impregnation.
A 395/A 395M – 99 (2004)
NOTE—Graphite types are identical with Plate 1 of Test Method A 247 and are so identified.
FIG. 1 Suggested Classification of Graphite Form in Ductile Cast Iron
9.2 Castings Grade 60-40-18 not covered in 9.1 which leak 9.2.4 The material from which the plug is manufactured
shall conform in all respects to the materials specifications that
on hydrostatic tests may be repaired by plugging, provided the
following requirements are met: apply to the pressure vessel or pressure part.
9.2.1 No welding or brazing is permitted. 9.2.5 The area adjacent to the drilled hole shall be examined
by radiography, and shall meet the Level 3 acceptance require-
9.2.2 The diameter of the plug shall not exceed the diameter
ments of Reference Radiographs E 689 and supporting Refer-
of a standard 2 in. [ISO R2] pipe plug.
ence Radiographs E 446, E 186,or E 280 as applicable and
9.2.3 The plugs, where practical, shall conform in all
defined in accordance with Reference Radiographs E 689.
dimensions to the standard ISO ⁄8 plugs. In addition, they
9.2.6 The thickness of any repaired section in relation to the
shall have full thread engagement corresponding to the thick-
size of the plug used shall not be less than that given in Table
ness in the repaired section. Where a tapered plug is imprac-
2.
tical because of the excess wall thickness in terms of plug
9.2.7 The minimum radius of repaired sections of cylinders
diameter and coincident thread engagement, other types of
or cones in relation to the size of plug used shall not be less
plugsmaybeusedprovidedbothfullengagementandeffective
than that given in Table 3.
sealing against pressure are obtained. Where possible, the ends
of the plug should be ground smooth after installation to 9.2.8 A repaired area may consist of a maximum of three
conform to the inside and outside contours of the wall of the plugs with a spacing such that the ligaments between adjacent
pressure vessel or pressure part. plugs shall not be less than listed in Table 4. Other defective
A 395/A 395M – 99 (2004)
TABLE 2 Minimum Thickness of Repaired Sections
10.1.3 All the metal poured from a continuous melting
furnace for a given period of time between changes in charge,
Minimum Thickness Repaired
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in. processing conditions, or aim-for chemistry, or 8 h, whichever
Section, in. [mm]
is the shorter period.
1 11
⁄8 ⁄32 [8]
1 7
⁄4 ⁄16 [10]
3 1
11. Test Coupon
⁄8 ⁄2 [13]
1 21
⁄2 ⁄32 [17]
11.1 The separately cast test coupons poured from the same
3 3
⁄4 ⁄4 [19]
1 ⁄16 [21] lot as the castings they represent from which the tension test
1 7
1 ⁄4 ⁄8 [23]
specimenismachinedshallbecasttothesizeandshapeshown
1 15
1 ⁄2 ⁄16 [24]
in
Fig. 2, Fig. 3,or Fig. 4. Cast coupons shall be identified with
2 1 [26]
the castings they represent. Sectioning procedure for removing
test specimens from Y-blocks is shown in Fig. 5.
11.1.1 Test samples may be removed from castings at
TABLE 3 Minimum Radius of Repaired Sections
locations designated on a drawing or as agreed to by manu-
Minimum Radius of Cylinder
facturer and purchaser.
Iron Pipe Size Plug, in.
or Cone, in. [mm]
11.1.2 Test bars removed from castings shall conform to
1 9
⁄8 ⁄16 [15]
Fig. 6. The testing diameter shall be ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm] if
1 11
⁄4 ⁄16 [18]
3 1 possible. Smaller diameters shall be utilized if necessary.
⁄8 1 ⁄16 [28]
1 1
⁄2 1 ⁄4 [32]
11.2 The test coupon size shall be as mutually agreed upon
⁄4 2 [52]
between the manufacturer and purchaser. In the absence of
12 ⁄2 [64]
agreement, it shall be the option of the manufacturer.
1 ⁄4 4 [104]
1 1
1 ⁄2 5 ⁄4 [136]
11.3 The test coupons shall be cast in molds made of
28 ⁄8 [208]
suitable core sand having a minimum wall thickness of 1 ⁄2 in.
[38 mm] for the ⁄2 in. [12.5 mm], 1 in. [25 mm] sizes, and 3
in. [75 mm] for the 3 in. [75 mm] size. The coupons shall be
A,B
TABLE 4 Minimum Ligament Between Plugs
left in the mold until they have changed to a black color
Minimum Ligament Between Plugs, in. [mm]
Nominal Plug
(approximately 900°F [480°C] or less). The keel block as
Diameter, in. 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
⁄8 , ⁄4 , ⁄8 ⁄2 , ⁄4 1, 1 ⁄4 1 ⁄2 ,2
shown in Fig. 2 or the modified keel block produced from the
1 1 3 5 1 5 1
⁄8 , ⁄4 , ⁄8 2 ⁄8 [67] 4 ⁄8 [105] 6 ⁄8 [169] 9 ⁄2 [242]
mold shown in Fig. 4 may be substituted for the 1 in. [25 mm]
1 3 1 1 5 1
⁄2 , ⁄4 4 ⁄8 [105] 4 ⁄8 [105] 6 ⁄8 [169] 9 ⁄2 [242]
block shown in Fig. 3.
1 5 5 5 1
1, 1 ⁄4 6 ⁄8 [169] 6 ⁄8 [169] 6 ⁄8 [169] 9 ⁄2 [242]
1 1 1 1 1
1 ⁄2 ,2 9 ⁄2 [242] 9 ⁄2 [242] 9 ⁄2 [242] 9 ⁄2 [242] 11.4 When investment castings are made to this specifica-
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