ASTM D2205-85(1998)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 2205 – 85 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Guide for
Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2205; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of
Paint
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D 870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
for testing traffic paints in the laboratory and in the field.
Using Water Immersion
1.2 This guide covers the testing of a ready-mixed paint
D 913 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Resistance to
product of sprayable consistency that shall be suitable for use
Wear of Traffic Paint
as a reflecting traffic guide on paved roadways.
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
D 969 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Degree
information only.
of Bleeding of Traffic Paint
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D 1309 Test Method for Settling Properties of Traffic Paints
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
During Storage
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
2. Referenced Documents and Related Products
D 1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films of
C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
Varnishes to Water and Alkali
D 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
ments
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
D 1737 Test Method for Elongation of Attached Organic
and Applications
Coatings with Cylindrical Mandrel Apparatus
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Pastes, and Paints
D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
D 215 Practice for Chemical Analysis of White Linseed Oil
Reducible Paints
Paints
D 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
Reducible Paints
Stormer Viscometer
D 4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal
D 711 Test Method for No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint
Coatings
D 713 Practice for Conducting Road Service Tests on Fluid
E 97 Test Method for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-
Traffic Marking Materials
deg 0-deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
D 868 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Bleeding of
Reflectometry
Traffic Paint
E 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
Using the CIE System
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
2.2 U.S. Federal Test Methods Standard 141B:
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
4121 Dry Opacity
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 13, 1985. Published March 1986. Originally
published as D 2205 – 63 T. Last previous edition D 2205 – 75.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. Discontinued; see 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03. Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Discontinued; see 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
5 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2205
NOTE 1—This test is not used for traffic paint containing pre-mixed
3. Terminology
glass beads.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this guide, refer to
Terminology C 219, D 8, and D 16.
8. Fineness of Dispersion
8.1 The more finely a pigment is dispersed, the more
4. Summary of Guide
efficiently it is being used. One method for measuring the
4.1 This guide consists of the following tests that, although
degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of
not exhaustive, cover the areas normally of concern in traffic
grind”) is to draw the material down a calibrated, tapered
paint testing:
groove in a hardened steel block with the groove varying in
Sections
depth from 4 to 0 mils (100 to 0 μm). The point at which
Liquid Paint Properties 6 through 11
continuous groupings of particles or agglomerates, or both,
Application and Appearance Properties 12 through 17
protrude through the surface of the liquid is taken as the
Properties of the Dried Film 18 through 20
Analysis of Paint 21 through 24
fineness reading. Lower readings in mils or micrometres or
Field Evaluations 25 through 29
higher reading in Hegman units indicate better fineness of
dispersion.
5. Conditions Affecting Traffic Paint
8.2 Fineness of grind is not generally specified for traffic
5.1 Practical requirements for traffic paint may vary with:
paint but some application equipment may require a limit of 1
5.1.1 Substrate type, such as portland cement and asphaltic
to 2 Hegman units (3 to 3.5 mils, 75 to 90 μm). If additional
concretes, and the various coarse aggregates used therein.
assurance is needed that the paint will not clog application
5.1.2 Climatic conditions, both generally and specifically, at
equipment, determine the fineness in accordance with Test
the time of paint application.
Method D 1210 after reducing the traffic paint with mineral
5.1.3 Service density, such as heavy traffic areas in cities
spirits, or compatible aromatic solvent with a similar evapora-
versus lightly traveled rural highways and parking lots.
tion rate, to keep the film wet long enough to determine the end
5.1.4 Traffic type, whether light passenger cars or heavy
point more easily. When a premix traffic paint is being tested,
trucks and airplanes.
conduct the test on the paint before addition of the beads.
5.1.5 Presence of foreign matter on the road surface, such as
oil, old paint, skid marks, sand, salt, concrete curing com-
9. Density or Weight per Gallon
pound, etc.
9.1 Density as measured by weight per unit volume is not a
5.2 New portland cement concrete surfaces have a greater
performance characteristic but is used to check product unifor-
degree of moisture and alkalinity than older surfaces and
mity from batch to batch. A calibrated weight per gallon cup is
thereby adversely affect paint adhesion. Paint adhesion is also
used.
affected by the ratio of cement to fine aggregate, coarse
9.2 For an unbeaded paint, determine the density in accor-
aggregate, and mixing water, as well as by the surface
dance with Test Method D 1475.
character of the aggregate that can range from impervious 11
9.3 For beaded paints, use a special weight-per-gallon cup
smooth quartz to irregular, porous slag.
having a modified cap so that the beads do not interfere with a
snug fit of the cap to the cup. Proceed in accordance with Test
LIQUID PAINT PROPERTIES
Method D 1475.
6. Skinning
10. Consistency
6.1 Paints containing a binder that dries by oxidation are
10.1 Paints of a given type should fall within a stated
subject to skin formation in a partially filled can or by diffusion
consistency range as agreed upon between the purchaser and
of air into a filled can. Since skins are insoluble in the paint
the seller. Consistency is used mainly to ensure product
they must be removed before use. The referenced test employs
uniformity. Improper consistency, however, can adversely
a partially filled container to indicate the tendency of a paint to
affect application properties, and in turn, paint performance.
skin. A typical minimum time for skinning is 18 to 24 h.
10.2 Determine consistency using the Stormer viscometer in
6.2 Examine the original sample for skins both on the
accordance with Test Method D 562. If the requirement is in
surface and in the mass. Using a well-mixed, skin-free portion
Krebs units, Table 1 of Test Method D 562 permits changing
of the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with
seconds to KU.
Guide D 154, except use a 1-pt (0.5-L) friction-top can instead
of an 8-oz (0.25-L) jar. 11. Package Stability
11.1 Since paints are not normally used immediately after
7. Coarse Particles
manufacture, they must remain stable in the can for some time,
7.1 Paints must be free of oversize particles and foreign
matter to avoid clogging application equipment, a typical
maximum being 1 % by weight of total paint. The referenced
The sole source of supply of the satisfactory modified cup known to the
committee at this time is BYK-Gardner, Inc., Gardner Laboratory, 2435 Linden
test with a 325-mesh (45-μm) screen gives the percent of this
Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please
material in the paint.
provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive
7.2 Determine coarse particles in accordance with Test
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible techincal committee, which
Methods D 185. you may attend.
D 2205
which for traffic paints does not generally exceed 6 months. 15.3 Determine color difference by visual comparison
Although package stability can usually be determined by against standard color chips in accordance with Practice
alternatively heating and cooling a specimen, occasionally the D 1729. This practice covers the spectral photometric, and
results do not coincide with storage at normal temperature. The geometric characteristics of light source, illuminating and
referenced methods determine the degree of pigment settling viewing conditions, size of specimens, and general procedures
after 2 weeks cycling or after 6 months storage at room to be used in the visual evaluation of color differences of
temperature. These are usually sufficient as it is difficult to rate opaque materials.
numerically the ease of redispersing an aged traffic paint. 15.4 Determine color difference instrumentally in accor-
11.2 Determine the degree of pigment settling in the accel- dance with Test Method D 2244. The method covers the
erated test in accordance with Test Method D 1309. Determine instrumental measurement of small color differences observ-
the degree of pigment settling and ease of remixing a shelf- able in daylight illumination between nonfluorescent, non-
aged specimen in accordance with Test Method D 869. metameric, opaque surfaces.
16. Reflectance
APPLICATION AND APPEARANCE PROPERTIES
16.1 Reflectance is a measure of the light reflected from the
12. Drying Time
surface of a paint. It determines which of two specimens
appears lighter when viewed in average daylight at an angle
12.1 The drying time of a traffic paint is particularly
that eliminates gloss effects.
important because it determines how quickly a lane can be
16.2 Determine the green filter reflectance in accordance
opened to free flow of traffic without the paint being transferred
with Test Method E 97.
to adjacent pavement.
12.2 Though no-pick-up time as determined by Test Method
17. Night Visibility or Retroreflectance of Beaded Paints
D 711 has no direct correlation with field application, it is
at Low Angles
employed as a quality control test.
17.1 This property is important to traffic paint but visibility
13. Bleeding at night is not related to daylight reflectance. The retroreflec-
tance evaluation of test panels coated with traffic paint should
13.1 Bleeding refers to the passage of colored matter such
be in accordance with Test Method D 4061. Such panels can
as bitumen from an asphalt pavement through the traffic paint
serve as controls in monitoring the application of traffic paint
film. It is a function of the age of the asphalt, its compatability
and can be helpful in correlating visual ratings with absolute
with the paint, and the speed of drying of the paint. Typical
values.
traffic paints give results of 6 to 10 on an arbitrary scale of
photographic standards where 10 is no bleeding and 2 is
PROPERTIES OF THE DRIED FILM
considerable bleeding. Determine bleeding in accordance with
Test Methods D 868 and D 969.
18. Resistance to Wear
18.1 Resistance to wear is a measure of the ability of the
14. Hiding Power
dried film to withstand wear from traffic and from objects
14.1 Hiding power or opacity is a measure of the ability of
rolled or pulled across the surface. In the referenced method
a paint to hide the substrate. It varies, naturally, with the
abrasive is poured onto a dry film on a glass panel until the
thickness of the applied film that may be influenced by the flow
paint is removed. A typical value for traffic paint is 65 L of sand
and application properties of the paint.
for removal of a 3-mil (75-μm) dry film. Determine resistance
14.2 Determine the dry hiding power of traffic paints in
to wear in accordance with Test Method D 913.
accordance with Procedure A, Method 4121 of U.S. Federal
18.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the abrasion
Test Method Standard 141B. (This method is being rewritten in
resistance to falling sand or silicon carbide in accordance with
ASTM form.)
Test Methods D 968.
15. Color and Color Difference
19. Elongation
15.1 The color of a paint may be determined precisely by
19.1 Elongation is a measure of the flexibility of a paint
means of a spectrophotometer. However, the exact color is not
film. Traffic paints may have difficulty in meeting the refer-
usually as important as how closely a paint matches a standard.
enced test if they are over-pigmented to obtain high reflectance.
Color difference between a product and a standard can be
19.2 Using unbeaded traffic paint, determine the flexibility
determined visually or with less elaborate instruments than for
in accordance with Test Method D 1737 but using 30-gage
color measurement. Visual comparison of color is fast and
(0.32-mm) tin plate in place of the specified steel panel.
often acceptable alth
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