ASTM D4793-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
This test method is not intended to provide extracts that are representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
An intent of this test method is that the final pH of each of the extracts reflects the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the waste.
An intent of this test method is that the water extractions reflect conditions where the waste is the dominant factor in determining the pH of the extracts.
This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions are taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances, volatile matter (see Note 3 in 5.15), or biologically active samples.
The agitation technique, rate, liquid-to-solid ratio, and filtration conditions specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of wastes (see Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least five % solids to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of a specified purity and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste and generates ten aqueous solutions.
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4793 − 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D2216TestMethodsforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
1.1 This test method is a procedure for the sequential
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
leachingofawastecontainingatleastfive%solidstogenerate
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached
of Coal
under the specified testing conditions.
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.2 Thistestmethodcallsfortheshakingofaknownweight
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
of waste with water of a specified purity and the separation of
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
theaqueousphaseforanalysis.Theprocedureisconductedten
times in sequence on the same sample of waste and generates
3. Terminology
ten aqueous solutions.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see
for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not
Terminology D1129.
describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that
3.2 Symbols:
may be associated with its application.
3.2.1 Variables listed in this test method are defined in the
individual sections where they are discussed.Alist of defined
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
variables is also given in Section 11.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.2 Explanation of Variables:
standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the ¯
X = total mean value
t
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ¯
X = analytical mean value (calculated using data from
a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
analysis of standards)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
S = total standard deviation
tt
S = analytical standard deviation
ta
2. Referenced Documents
S = estimated standard deviation due to the extraction
te
2
procedure
2.1 ASTM Standards:
S = total single operator standard deviation
ot
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
S = analytical single operator standard deviation
oa
D420GuidetoSiteCharacterizationforEngineeringDesign
S = estimated single operator standard deviation due to
3
oe
and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
the extraction procedure
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
4. Significance and Use
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining
sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to
1
estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
Leaching Techniques.
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide extracts that
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4793–93 (2004).
arerepresentativeoftheactualleachateproducedfromawaste
DOI: 10.1520/D4793-09.
in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of engineering design.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.3 Thistestmethodisnotintendedtosimulatesite-specific
the ASTM website.
3
leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. actual disposal site leaching conditions.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4793 − 09
4.4 An intent of this test method is that the final pH of each 5.14 Pressure Filtration Assembly—A pressure filtration
of the extracts reflects the interaction of the extractant with the device of a composition suitable to the nature of the analyses
buffering capacity of the waste. to be performed and equipped with a 0.45 or 0.8-µm pore-size
filter (see Note 7, pertaining to 9.4).
4.5 Anintentofthistestmet
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4793–93 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:D4793–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4793; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least five % solids to generate solutions
to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of a specified purity and the separation of the
aqueous phase for analysis. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste and generates ten
aqueous solutions.
1.3 Thistestmethodisintendedtodescribetheprocedureforperformingsequentialbatchextractionsonly.Itdoesnotdescribe
all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D75 PracticesPractice for Sampling Aggregates
D420 Practice for Investigating and Sampling Soil and Rock for Engineering Purposes Guide to Site Characterization for
Engineering Design and Construction Purposes
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil, Rock, and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures
Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D2234/D2234M Test MethodPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D1129.
3.2 Symbols:Symbols: Symbols:
3.2.1 Variables listed in this test method are defined in the individual sections where they are discussed. A list of defined
variables is also given in Section 11.
3.2.2 Explanation of Variables:
¯
X = total mean value
t
¯
X = analytical mean value (calculated using data from analysis of standards)
a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Ancillary
Topics.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1993. Published March 1993. Originally published as D4793–88. Last previous edition D4793–88.on Waste Leaching Techniques.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4793–93 (2004).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4793–09
S = total standard deviation
tt
S = analytical standard deviation
ta
S = estimated standard deviation due to the extraction procedure
te
S = total single operator standard deviation
ot
S = analytical single operator standard deviation
oa
S = estimated single operator standard deviation due to the extraction procedure
oe
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate
the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
4.2 This test method is not intended to provide extracts that are representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in
the field or to produce extracts
...
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