ASTM C400-98

Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions and includes the characterization of the liming material and of the acid waste.  Note 1-When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a plant waste acid and in the preparation of the lime slurry; the pH, the time, temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as described in this method. Note 2-Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichiometric end point.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-1998
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.05 - Chemical Tests

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM C400-98(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2006
• Referred By: ASTM C1529-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Environmental Uses
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C50/C50M-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM C911-19 - Standard Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 10-May-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C 400–98
Standard Test Methods for
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Neutralization of Waste
Acid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
pH5log 52 log~H !
~H
!
1.1 This test method covers the testing of quicklime and
hydrated lime for use in the treatment of waste acid solutions
where:
and includes the characterization of the liming material and of +
H = activity of hydrogen ions.
the acid waste.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—When agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser,
this method may be used directly to evaluate the lime requirement for a 4.1 Since all limes and waste acid solutions are different,
plant waste acid and in the preparation of the lime slurry; the pH, the time,
this test method evaluates the relative quantity of a given lime
temperature, and other conditions of treatment may be adjusted to
needed for the neutralization of a specific quantity of acid.
conform to plant practice. Otherwise the test shall be performed as
4.2 Liming materials have a specific basicity factor or
described in this method.
measure of alkalinity which can be used for comparing their
NOTE 2—Under some conditions of test the lime requirement may vary
relative neutralizing power. It avoids dependence on chemical
substantially from that indicated by ultimate chemical analysis or by the
analysis and is determined as grams of calcium oxide equiva-
use of a determination of available alkalinity by titration to a stoichio-
metric end point.
lents per kilogram of liming material.
4.3 Likewise, specific waste acids have an acid value that
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
can be expressed as grams of hydrochloric acid equivalent per
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
litre of acid waste. This value is related on a stoichiometric
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
basis to lime neutralization requirements of a liquid acid waste.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 pH Measuring Apparatus, conforming to the require-
ments of Section 5, Apparatus, and Section 6, Reagents and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Materials, ofTest MethodE70.Atime-pH recording device or
C 50 Methods of Sampling, Inspection, Packing, and Mark-
attachment is desirable but not required.
ing of Lime and Limestone Products
5.2 Analytical Balance, capable of reproducing results
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
within 0.005 g.
Glass Electrode
5.3 Stirrer, motorized, capable of rotating at speeds from
3. Terminology
120 to 600 r/min.
5.4 Miscellaneous Equipment—Chemically resistant glass-
3.1 Definitions:
ware, metal stands for support of the equipment, etc.
3.1.1 neutralization coeffıcient—the number of parts of lime
required to neutralize one million parts by weight of sulfuric
6. Purity of Reagents
acid solution (1.5 %) to a pH of 4.4 in 30 min (see Note 1).
6.1 Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests.
3.1.2 pH—a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a
Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall
sample and representing the logarithm of the reciprocal (nega-
conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical
tive logarithm) of the activity of hydrogen ions, calculated as
Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where such
follows:
1 4
ThesetestmethodsareunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC-7onLime Borosilicate glass has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.05 on Chemical Tests.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally
published as C 400-57T. Last previous edition C 400-93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C400–98
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, pro- 7.4.3.1 Interpolate the quantity of lime required to achieve a
vided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently pH of 4.4 in 30 min from the lime requirement curve (Section
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of 11), correct for the actual acid concentration, and calculate as
the determination. parts of lime required per million parts of H SO (1.5 %) as
2 4
6.2 Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be
follows:
understood to mean distilled water.
N5 1.5/Z 3X31000
~ !
7. Test Method A—for Determining Lime Requirement for
where:
the neutralization of a standard sulfuric acid or waste acid
N = neutralization coefficient (see 3.1.1),
solution within a time limit of thirty minutes.
X = grams of lime per 1000 g of H SO (1.5 %), and
2 4
Z = concentration of the H SO to the nearest 0.005 %, as
7.1 Reagents: 2 4
determined by analysis.
7.1.1 Sulfuric Acid, Standard Solution (1.5 6 0.05 %)—
Thoroughly mix 15.8 g of concentrated sulfuric acid (95 % 7.5 Precision and Bias:
H SO ) with water, dilute to 1 L, analyze to within 0.005 %
2 4
7.5.1 Theprecisionandbiasofthistestmethodhasnotbeen
H SO , and store in a suitable stoppered bottle.
2 4 determined at this time. Replicate samples are recommended.
7.2 Preparation of Sample:
7.2.1 Take samples of quicklime and hydrated lime in
8. Test Method B—For Determining Acid Value-Basicity
accordance with Methods C 50.
Factor Relationship
7.2.2 Quicklime—Weigh a sample of quicklime (2.50 6
8.1 P
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