ASTM C134-95(2005)

Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace construction and should not deviate significantly from the intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to determine whether the brick meets the requirements considered necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size, dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and squareness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular insulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk density of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C 20. Stack height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
Note 1—Test Methods C 830 and Test Method C 914 are also used to determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: SectionsSize and Bulk Density 4 through 7 Warpage of Refractory Brick 8 through 10 Squareness of Refractory Brick 11 through 14
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2005
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.03 - Physical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C134-95(1999) - Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM C134-95(2010) - Standard Test Methods for Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C113-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C179-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Drying and Firing Linear Change of Refractory Plastic and Ramming Mix Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C830-00(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C20-00(2022) - Standard Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C27-98(2022) - Standard Classification of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Brick
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C201-93(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C155-97(2022) - Standard Classification of Insulating Firebrick
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C1419-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Sonic Velocity in Refractory Materials at Room Temperature and Its Use in Obtaining an Approximate Young's Modulus
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM C885-87(2020) - Standard Test Method for Young’s Modulus of Refractory Shapes by Sonic Resonance
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F1312-19(2023) - Standard Specification for Brick, Insulating, High Temperature, Fire Clay
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C134–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Methods for
Size, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density of
Refractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp-
tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverproceduresformeasuringsize,
Refractory Shapes by Vacuum Pressure
dimensional measurement, bulk density, warpage, and square-
C914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of Solid
ness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangular
Refractories by Wax Immersion
insulatingfirebrick.Moreprecisedeterminationofbulkdensity
of refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stack
3. Significance and Use
height is generally determined only for dense refractories.
3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnace
NOTE 1—Test Methods C830 and Test Method C914 are also used to
construction and should not deviate significantly from the
determine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.
intended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flat
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
surfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularly
Sections suited for use under field conditions and provide a means to
Size and Bulk Density 4 through 7
determinewhetherthebrickmeetstherequirementsconsidered
Warpage of Refractory Brick 8 through 10
necessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.
Squareness of Refractory Brick 11 through 14
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
SIZE AND BULK DENSITY
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Apparatus
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard. 4.1 Rule, steel, hook, 12 in. (305 mm) in length, graduated
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions, for use in measuring individual
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
brick. The rule has a rigid hardened steel hook consisting of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- right-angled piece on one end to fix the zero point of the scale
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
against one face of the brick. The hook is about ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. in width and extends about ⁄4 in. beyond the back face or,
preferably, the edge of the rule.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Rule, stiff steel, hook, 36 in. (914 mm) in length,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
graduatedfromeachendin0.02-in.(0.5-mm)divisions,foruse
C20 Test Methods forApparent Porosity,WaterAbsorption,
in measuring stack height and the larger individual brick. The
Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned
36-in. rule has the same design as the 12-in (305-mm) rule.
Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
NOTE 2—Check the hook rules periodically to determine that they have
not become worn or distorted in use. Other measuring equipment may be
1 used, provided the results are at least as accurate as those obtained with
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
the hook rule.
Refractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties.
4.3 Weighing Scale, having a capacity of 20 lb (9 kg) or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
more and a sensitivity under load of at least 0.01 lb (4.5 g).
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C134 – 95 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/C0134-95R05.
5. Sampling
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 A sample consists of ten brick selected at random.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
C134–95 (2005)
5.2 Preparation of Specimens—Remove any blisters or fins WARPAGE OF REFRACTORY BRICK
from the specimens by lightly rubbing them together. Omit this
8. Apparatus
step in the case of insulating firebrick.
8.1 Steel Straightedge, stiff, having sufficient length to span
6. Procedure
the diagonal of the largest shape to be measured, and graduated
in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions.
6.1 Length and Width—Measure the length and width of
8.2 Measuring Wedges, two, steel, 2.5-in. (64-mm) long by
eachofthetenspecimensacrossthemiddleofeachofthefaces
0.5 in. (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one end, and tapered
of largest area to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). Make and
from a line 0.5 in. from one end to zero thickness at the other
record the individual measurements of the two opposite faces
end. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along the
of each specimen.
slope to show the thickness of the wedge between base AB and
6.2 Thickness—Determine the thickness of insulating fire-
slope AC in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions (Fig. 1).
brick and record in the same manner as the length and width,
8.2.1 Similar Wedges, of equivalent size and slope (that is,
as indicated in 6.1. Make the thickness measurements at the
rising 1 mm vertically for each 4 mm horizontally), and
centersofthelongersidesofthebrick.Determinethethickness
graduated along the slope to show the thickness of the wedge
of dense refractory brick in the same manner or, when required
between base AB and the slope AC in SI units may be
by specification, calculate the average thickness from the stack
employed in conjunction with a straightedge calibrated in SI
height determined as in 6.3.
units.
6.3 Stack Height—Stack the ten specimens vertically on a
plane surface with their faces of largest area together to form a
9. Procedure
smooth column, without regard to the position of any brand
9.1 Measuring a Concave Surface:
marks on the specimens. Measure the height of the stack to the
9.1.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) from the plane surface to the top of
concave surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with the
the stack at the center of each side. Record the individual
graduated straightedge. Place the straightedge across the di-
measurements of the four sides of the stack.
agonal. Insert the wedge (Fig. 2) at the point of maximum
6.4 Weight—Dry at 230°F (110°C), cool, and weigh each of
warpage, and record the maximum obtainable reading to the
the specimens to the nearest 0.01 lb (4.5 g), and record the
nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).
weight.
9.1.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.1.1 for the other diagonal.
9.2 Measuring a Convex Surface:
7. Calculation and Report
9.2.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of a
convex surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with a caliper or
7.1 Size—Report the individual measurements and the cal-
hookrule.Placethestraightedgeacrossthediagonal,andinsert
culated average for the two individual measurements for
one wedge at each end of the straightedge (Fig. 3). Adjust the
length, width, and thickness for each specimen.
wedges so that equal readings are obtained on each, making
7.2 Stack Height and Average Thickness—Report the indi-
certain that the str
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