ASTM F1387-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings
Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. process. MAFs covered here are classified into the following design types: Type I—radially swaged MAF (permanent); Type II—flared MAF (separable); Type III—flareless (bite-type) MAF (separable); Type IV—grip-type MAF (separable); Type V—shape memory alloy (SMA) MAF (permanent); and Type VI—axially swaged MAF (permanent). Moreover, the MAFs shall be made from on or more of the following material grade: Grade A—carbon steel; Grade B—stainless steel; Grade C—nickel-copper; Grade D—copper-nickel; Grade E—brass; and Grade F—nickel titanium. The MAFs shall also be grouped into ten classes according to their pressure ratings. The standard qualification tests to which the MAFs shall perform satisfactorily are pneumatic proof test, hydrostatic proof test, impulse test, flexure fatigue test, tensile test, hydrostatic burst test, repeated assembly test, rotary flexure test, and mercurous nitrate test. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or created independently. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification process.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall invoke the supplementary requirements in whole.
1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term “MAF” shall apply to all types described herein.
1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are applicable only to ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF products.
1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF products.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Supplementary Requirements Section and the annexes of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2023
- Technical Committee
- F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
- Drafting Committee
- F25.11 - Machinery and Piping Systems
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Apr-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
Overview
ASTM F1387-23: Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings (MAFs) establishes the minimum performance requirements for mechanically attached fittings used in piping and tubing systems. These fittings, commonly referred to as MAFs, are designed to attach directly to the pipe or tube through mechanical deformation-either of the fitting, the pipe/tube, or both-effectively creating a sealed and restrained joint. The standard covers various fitting design types and material grades, ensuring reliable performance for a wide range of industrial and marine applications.
Organizations seeking to achieve robust, leak-free piping systems, especially in safety-critical or high-pressure environments, rely on compliance with ASTM F1387-23 for product qualification, procurement, and specification.
Key Topics
MAF Classification: ASTM F1387-23 outlines six main MAF types:
- Type I: Radially Swaged (Permanent)
- Type II: Flared (Separable)
- Type III: Flareless/Bite-Type (Separable)
- Type IV: Grip-Type (Separable)
- Type V: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) (Permanent)
- Type VI: Axially Swaged (Permanent)
Material Grades:
MAFs are manufactured from a variety of materials, including:- Carbon steel
- Stainless steel
- Nickel-copper
- Copper-nickel
- Brass
- Nickel titanium
Pressure Classes:
The standard groups fittings into ten pressure classes, ranging from 1.38 MPa (200 psi) to 41.37 MPa (6000 psi).Testing and Qualification:
To ensure compliance and safety, ASTM F1387-23 specifies rigorous qualification tests:- Pneumatic and hydrostatic proof tests
- Impulse, flexure fatigue, and tensile strength tests
- Hydrostatic burst, repeat assembly, rotary flexure, and mercurous nitrate tests
- Optional fire performance testing
Supplementary Requirements:
Additional testing and inspection requirements can be invoked by the purchaser, especially for contracts (e.g., U.S. Navy contracts) or critical installations.Safety and Units:
The document emphasizes user responsibility for health, safety, and environmental practices during testing, with values specified in SI units as standard.
Applications
ASTM F1387-23 provides critical value for:
- Industrial Piping Systems: Used in oil & gas, petrochemical, water treatment, and power generation where secure joint integrity is essential.
- Marine and Naval Systems: Approved for use by the U.S. Department of Defense; invoked in Navy contracts for ship piping and tubing.
- HVAC and Utility Networks: Suitable for installations demanding quick assembly, high reliability, and repeatable performance-with types suited for permanent or removable joints.
- Maintenance and Retrofit Projects: Facilitates the selection and qualification of fittings during upgrades or repair of legacy systems where mechanical attachment reduces downtime.
Choosing MAFs compliant with ASTM F1387-23 helps facilities ensure system safety, reduce leakage risks, streamline maintenance, and comply with national and international procurement standards.
Related Standards
Organizations referencing ASTM F1387-23 should also be aware of related standards and specifications, including:
- ASTM A53/A53M – Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
- ASTM A312/A312M – Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
- ASME B36.10M – Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe dimensions
- SAE J514 – Hydraulic Tube Fittings
- MIL-DTL-18866 – Fittings, Hydraulic Tube, Flared and Flareless Steel: Military requirements
- ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 – Sampling Procedures for Inspection by Attributes
Incorporating ASTM F1387-23 alongside key referenced documents ensures comprehensive compliance and optimal system performance for piping and tubing mechanically attached fittings.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F1387-23 is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached Fittings". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. process. MAFs covered here are classified into the following design types: Type I—radially swaged MAF (permanent); Type II—flared MAF (separable); Type III—flareless (bite-type) MAF (separable); Type IV—grip-type MAF (separable); Type V—shape memory alloy (SMA) MAF (permanent); and Type VI—axially swaged MAF (permanent). Moreover, the MAFs shall be made from on or more of the following material grade: Grade A—carbon steel; Grade B—stainless steel; Grade C—nickel-copper; Grade D—copper-nickel; Grade E—brass; and Grade F—nickel titanium. The MAFs shall also be grouped into ten classes according to their pressure ratings. The standard qualification tests to which the MAFs shall perform satisfactorily are pneumatic proof test, hydrostatic proof test, impulse test, flexure fatigue test, tensile test, hydrostatic burst test, repeated assembly test, rotary flexure test, and mercurous nitrate test. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification SCOPE 1.1 This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or created independently. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification process. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall invoke the supplementary requirements in whole. 1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term “MAF” shall apply to all types described herein. 1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are applicable only to ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF products. 1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF products. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Supplementary Requirements Section and the annexes of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. process. MAFs covered here are classified into the following design types: Type I—radially swaged MAF (permanent); Type II—flared MAF (separable); Type III—flareless (bite-type) MAF (separable); Type IV—grip-type MAF (separable); Type V—shape memory alloy (SMA) MAF (permanent); and Type VI—axially swaged MAF (permanent). Moreover, the MAFs shall be made from on or more of the following material grade: Grade A—carbon steel; Grade B—stainless steel; Grade C—nickel-copper; Grade D—copper-nickel; Grade E—brass; and Grade F—nickel titanium. The MAFs shall also be grouped into ten classes according to their pressure ratings. The standard qualification tests to which the MAFs shall perform satisfactorily are pneumatic proof test, hydrostatic proof test, impulse test, flexure fatigue test, tensile test, hydrostatic burst test, repeated assembly test, rotary flexure test, and mercurous nitrate test. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification SCOPE 1.1 This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or created independently. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification process. 1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall invoke the supplementary requirements in whole. 1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term “MAF” shall apply to all types described herein. 1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are applicable only to ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF products. 1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF products. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Supplementary Requirements Section and the annexes of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F1387-23 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.060.01 - Valves in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F1387-23 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM A335/A335M-24, ASTM A53/A53M-24, ASTM A182/A182M-24, ASTM A312/A312M-24, ASTM A370-24, ASTM A249/A249M-24, ASTM A269/A269M-24, ASTM A109/A109M-24, ASTM A108-24, ASTM A276/A276M-24a, ASTM A276/A276M-24, ASTM E8/E8M-24, ASTM A576-23, ASTM A1016/A1016M-23, ASTM A450/A450M-23. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM F1387-23 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1387 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* specification: This standard does not purport to address all of
the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This specification establishes the performance charac-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
teristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
use in piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
or fitting, or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
deformation or created independently. Successful completion
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
portion of the qualification process.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
2. Referenced Documents
only when specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
invoke the supplementary requirements in whole.
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term
A106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe
“MAF” shall apply to all types described herein.
for High-Temperature Service
1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are appli-
Finished
cable only to ascertain the performance characteristics of A109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25
MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of
Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
non-MAF products. A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (With-
1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary
drawn 2014)
Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
determine the responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire.
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
products.
A213/A213M Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Aus-
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
Exchanger Tubes
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
A234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the
Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High
tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Temperature Service
Supplementary Requirements Section and the annexes of this
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Machinery and Piping Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F1387 – 19. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F1387-23. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1387 − 23
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium- B154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper
Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Alloys
B164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and
Vessels and for General Applications
Wire
A249/A249M Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel
B251/B251M Specification for General Requirements for
Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser
Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube
Tubes
B369/B369M Specification for Copper-Nickel Alloy Cast-
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular
ings
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
B371/B371M Specification for Copper-Zinc-Silicon Alloy
A269/A269M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus-
Rod
tenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
B564 Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on
Shapes
Iron and Steel
A312/A312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, and
B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically
Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
Deposited
A335/A335M Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-
B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-
Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
mium
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
of Steel Products
terials
A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passi-
E511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a Copper-
vation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
Constantan Circular Foil, Heat-Flux Transducer
A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hy-
Steel Piping Fittings
drocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assem-
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for
blies
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
2.2 Federal Specifications:
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and
QQ-N-281 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet,
Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
Strip, Wire, Forgings and Structural and Special Shaped
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for
Sections
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
QQ-N-286 Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-
N05500)
Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
2.3 Military Specifications:
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought,
MIL-DTL-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard
Special Quality
Machinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for
A967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for
MIL-T-1368 Tube and Pipe, Nickel Copper Alloy Seamless
Stainless Steel Parts
and Welded
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for
MIL-PRF-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine,
Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
Synthetic Base, NATO Code Number O-148
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for
MIL-T-8606 Tubing, Steel Corrosion-Resistant (18-8 Stabi-
Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless
lized and Extra Low Carbon)
Steel Tubes
MIL-C-15726 Copper-Nickel Alloy, Rod, Flat Products (Flat
B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar
Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate) and Forgings
and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
MIL-DTL-16232 Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or
B21/B21M Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and
Zinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)
Shapes
MIL-T-16420 Tube, Copper Nickel Alloy, Seamless and
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And
Welded (Copper Alloy Numbers 715 and 706)
Rolled Bar
MIL-PRF-17331 Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear,
B75/B75M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
Moderate Service
B88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
MIL-DTL-18866 Fittings Hydraulic Tube, Flared, 37° and
B111/B111M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy
Flareless Steel
Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule Stock MIL-T-24107 Tube, Copper, (Seamless) (Copper Numbers
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus 102, 103, 108, 120, 122, and 142)
B121/B121M Specification for Leaded Brass Plate, Sheet, MIL-P-24691/1 Pipe and Tube, Carbon Steel, Seamless
Strip, and Rolled Bar MIL-P-24691/2 Pipe and Tube, Chromium-Molybdenum
Steel, Seamless
B122/B122M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy,
Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver), and Copper-
Nickel Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B124/B124M Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy 4
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,
Forging Rod, Bar, and Shapes Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
F1387 − 23
MIL-P-24691/3 Pipe and Tube, Corrosion-Resistant, Stain- 3.1.2 failure, n—any leakage or joint separation unless
less Steel, Seamless or Welded otherwise determined to be due to a tubing/pipe or fitting
MIL-PRF-83282 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic defect.
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft, Metric, NATO Code Number
3.1.3 fitting, n—connecting device used to join multiple
H-537
pipes or tubes or other MAFs together to create a working
2.4 Military Standards:
system.
MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibration of Shipboard Equip-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Shapes such as couplings, unions,
ment (Type I – Environmental and Type II – Internally
elbows, tees, crosses, plugs, adapters, reducers, flanges, and
Excited)
special shapes are used as needed to fulfill MAF system design
MIL-STD-777 Schedule of Piping Valves, Fittings, and As-
specifications.
sociated Piping Components for Naval Surface Ships
3.1.4 joint, n—interface between pipe or tube and MAFs
MIL-STD-889 Dissimilar Metals
where the seal is maintained or mechanical holding strength is
MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods for Acceptance of
applied or maintained within the overall MAF design.
Products
3.1.5 leakage, n—the escape of fluid or gas from any point
NAVSEA Technical Publication S9074-AR-GIB-010/278
5 of the MAF, including the MAF joint interface, sufficient to
2.5 ANSI Publications:
drop or flow from the point of formation or gas bubbles rising
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
to the surface after the first minute of submersion.
spection by Attributes
3.1.6 mechanically attached fitting (MAF), n—a fitting that
ANSI/NCSL Z540 General Requirements for Laboratories
and Measuring and Test Equipment is directly attached to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation
of the pipe/tube or fitting, or both, creating a seal and a
2.6 ASME Publications:
restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
deformation or created independently.
B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and
3.1.7 penalty run, n—a penalty run is performed with
Lay)
penalty run MAF specimens when the original MAF test
specimen leaks or separates during testing as a result of any
2.7 SAE Publications:
cause that is not related to the design of the MAF being
AMS 2243 Tolerances, Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing
qualified.
AMS 5643 Bars, Forgings, Tubing and Rings — 16 Cr 4.0
Ni 0.30 (Cb + Ta) 4.0 Cu
3.1.8 penalty run MAF specimens, n—additional speci-
AMS-QQ-P-416 Plating Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
men(s) that are tested in the place of the original specimen(s)
AMS-QQ-S-763 Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings;
(see 3.1.7).
Corrosion Resistant
3.1.8.1 Discussion—These additional MAF specimen(s) are
AMS-STD-753 Corrosion Resistant Steel Parts: Sampling,
assembled using the same methods along with additional
Inspection and Testing for Surface Passivation
MAFs of the same type, grade, class, and configuration and
AS3208 Packing, Preformed – AMS 7276, Seal
additional pipe or tube with the same wall thickness and
AS3209 Packing, Preformed – AMS 7276, ‘O’ Ring
material conditions as the original test specimen.
SAE J514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings
3.1.9 permanent MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach
SAE J515 Hydraulic “O” Ring
directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes
SAE 1010 Carbon Steel: Nonsulfurized Manganese 10 %
or other MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and
Minimum
components. In either case, the permanent MAFs cannot be
disassembled and reused after initial assembly.
3. Terminology
3.1.10 pipe, n—hollow round product conforming to the
3.1 Definitions:
dimensional requirements for nominal pipe size (NPS) as
3.1.1 class, n—a group of MAFs of a particular design with
tabulated in ASME B36.10M, Table 2.
the dimensions proportional to pipe or tube outside diameters,
3.1.11 rated pressure, n—the manufacturer’s recommended
made from the same material grade (or combination of grades),
for the same rated pressure, or for a rated pressure inversely in-service pressure assigned to the MAF (see 3.1.15).
proportional to the diameter.
3.1.12 separable MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Class designation for MAF is assigned
directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes
based upon the rated pressure used to test the MAF design.
or other MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and
components. Once assembled, the separable MAFs can be
disassembled and reassembled a multiple number of times.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
3.1.12.1 Discussion—Some subcomponents of separable
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
MAFs may become permanently attached to the pipe or tube
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:// without affecting the function of the joint.
www.asme.org.
3.1.13 specimen, n—a prepared assembly consisting of a
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,
PA 15096, http://www.sae.org. MAF assembled onto a preselected pipe or tube. The specimen
F1387 − 23
is placed into a controlled environment and tested to determine permanently maintained by the force radially exerted by the
if the MAF assembly meets the requirements specified in the swaging rings onto the sealing interface.
test being performed.
4.2 The MAFs shall be made from one or more of the
3.1.14 test pressure, n—a selected pressure used during following material grades:
testing, which is based upon the rated pressure (see 3.1.13) of
NOTE 2—When multiple components resulting in more than one
the MAF or pipe or tube, whichever is lower, times the factor
material grade are specified within a MAF assembly, the combination of
specified for each test (that is, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00, and so grades used shall be galvanically compatible.
forth).
4.2.1 Grade A—Carbon steel.
4.2.2 Grade B—Stainless steel.
3.1.15 tube, n—hollow round product which is usually
4.2.3 Grade C—Nickel-copper.
specified with respect to outside diameter and wall thickness.
4.2.4 Grade D—Copper-nickel.
4.2.5 Grade E—Brass.
4. Classification
4.2.6 Grade F—Nickel titanium.
4.1 MAFs are classified into the following design types:
4.3 The MAF rated pressure may be one of the following
NOTE 1—Each MAF type may consist of more than one material and
classes:
class.
NOTE 3—The rated pressure may differ within the size range of a MAF
4.1.1 Type I: Radially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—A por-
being qualified (see 3.1.1).
tion of the MAF diameter is reduced mechanically by means of
4.3.1 Class 1—1.38 MPa (200 psi) maximum.
an installation tool through radial compression to provide an
4.3.2 Class 2—2.76 MPa (400 psi) maximum.
intimate joint. The properly installed MAF has a circumferen-
4.3.3 Class 3—4.83 MPa (700 psi) maximum.
tial deformation of predetermined dimensions.
4.3.4 Class 4—6.90 MPa (1000 psi) maximum.
4.1.2 Type II: Flared MAF (Separable)—An assembly that
4.3.5 Class 5—10.34 MPa (1500 psi) maximum.
consists of a body, nut, and sleeve. The MAF is designed to
4.3.6 Class 6—13.79 MPa (2000 psi) maximum.
mate with a tube or other component which has been flared or
4.3.7 Class 7—20.69 MPa (3000 psi) maximum.
machined to a specific angle. The flared tube end is positioned
4.3.8 Class 8—25.86 MPa (3750 psi) maximum.
onto the MAF body cone or seat. The nut is then tightened to
4.3.9 Class 9—34.48 MPa (5000 psi) maximum.
the body thread, thus providing a tube-to-MAF seal through
4.3.10 Class 10—41.37 MPa (6000 psi) maximum.
mechanical retention.
5. Ordering Information
4.1.3 Type III: Flareless (Bite-Type) MAF (Separable)—An
assembly having a ferrule, nut, and body. The ferrule penetrates
5.1 Orders for MAFs under this specification shall include
the outside of the tubing, thus providing a pressure seal and
the following:
holding mechanism.
5.1.1 ASTM designation, title, number, and year of issue;
4.1.4 Type IV: Grip-Type MAF (Separable)—An assembly 5.1.2 Quantity of fittings (MAF);
having one or two ferrules that are compressed into the surface 5.1.3 Size, nominal pipe size (NPS), or outer diameter
of the tube. In the case of the two-ferrule MAF, the forward (OD);
ferrule provides the primary seal through radial compression 5.1.4 Type (I, II, III, IV, V, or VI);
around the outer diameter of the tube. The rear ferrule acts as 5.1.5 Material grade (see 4.2, 6.1, or Table 1);
the primary mechanical holding device. In the case of the 5.1.6 Class (see 3.1.1 and 4.3);
single-ferrule design, the ferrule is used to seal and act as the 5.1.7 MAF shape (that is, straight, elbow, cross, union,
primary mechanical holding device. coupling, and so forth) (see 3.1.3);
5.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any;
4.1.5 Type V: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) MAF
5.1.9 Other requirements agreed to between the purchaser
(Permanent)—Mechanically attached fittings that use SMA to
and the manufacturer; and
provide the mechanical force required to produce a metal-to-
5.1.10 Inspection and acceptance of MAFs as agreed upon
metal seal between the pipe or tube and the MAF. The
between the purchaser and the supplier (see Section 14).
metal-to-metal seal that is formed is a “live crimp” since the
pipe or tube and the SMA are in a state of dynamic equilibrium.
5.2 Optional Ordering Requirements:
The SMA maintains a permanent inward radial force on the
5.2.1 Certification (see Section 15), and
pipe or tube at all times. The MAF body itself may be
5.2.2 Special marking requirements (see Section 16 and
manufactured from a nonshape memory metal and used in
S1.5).
conjunction with a driver made from SMA.
6. Materials and Manufacture
4.1.6 Type VI: Axially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—
Mechanically attached fittings that have machined swaging 6.1 MAF Material—The MAF material used may be as
rings telescopically “press fit” from the extremities toward the specified in Table 1 or may be other materials not specified in
center of the MAF body. An installation tool advances the Table 1, as agreed to between the manufacturer and the
swaging rings axially over the MAF body into a seated and purchaser.
locked position. The swage rings compress the MAF body onto 6.1.1 All types may be manufactured from wrought bars,
the pipe or tube forming a metal-to-metal seal. The seal is forgings, castings, pipe, or tube.
F1387 − 23
TABLE 1 Material Specifications for MAFs
Nut/Ring
Type Straight Shape Sleeve or Ferrule Backup Washer Seal Material
(Body, Lock, Jam)
Grade A: Carbon Steel
A
I A108 A576 A108 . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
B C
II A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
D
III A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
B D
IV A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
A E A D
VI A108 A576 A108 . . . . . .
Grade B: Stainless Steel
F G F
I A312/A312M AMS-QQ-S-763 A312/A312M . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
H H I C
II A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A479/A479M A167
H J I D
III A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A564/A564M A167
I D
IV A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A276/A276M A167
A240/A240M
F K F D
VI A312/A312M A182/A182M A312/A312M . . . . . .
Grade C: Nickel Copper
I C
II B164 B564 B164 B164 A167
I D
III B164 A564/A564M B164 B164 A167
L L L L I D
IV B164 B564 B164 B164 A167
QQ-N-286
Grade D: Copper Nickel
M M M
I MIL-C-15726 B369/B369M MIL-C-15726 . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
I C
II B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M A167
I I D
III B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M A564/A564M A167
M M M D
VI MIL-C-15726 B369/B369M MIL-C-15726 . . . . . .
Grade E: Brass
N O C
II B16/B16M B124/B124M B16/B16M B111/B111M . . .
P P P P D
IV B16/B16M B124/B124M B16/B16M B16/B16M . . .
Grade F: Nickel Titanium
Q Q Q D
V . . . . . .
A
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A106/A106M (Grade B) may be used.
B
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A108 may be used.
C
When required by the MAF design, O-rings in accordance with SAE J515 shall be used to connect the MAF end.
D
No O-rings used to connect the MAF end.
E
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A234/A234M may be used.
F
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-P-24691/3 may be used.
G
304, 304L or 316, 316L material may be used.
H
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A276/A276M may be used.
I
Grade 302.
J
Alternate material in conformance to AMS 5643 may be used.
K
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A403/A403M may be used.
L
Alternate material in conformance to QQ-N-281 may be used.
M
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-T-16420 may be used.
N
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B21/B21M may be used.
O
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B371/B371M may be used.
P
Alternate material in conformance to Specifications B36/B36M, B121/B121M, or B124/B124M may be used.
Q
In accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
6.1.2 Flow of Grain—MAFs machined from hot- or cold- 6.2.1 The manufacturer is encouraged to use materials
drawn bars shall have their longitudinal axis parallel to the produced from recovered materials to the maximum extent
longitudinal axis of the bar with at least the center one third of
practicable without jeopardizing the intended use. Used or
the bar removed during the manufacturing process unless
rebuilt products shall not be used.
testing shows the center material to be free of injurious defects.
NOTE 4—The term “recovered materials” is interpreted as those
6.2 Material Quality—The material shall be of such quality
materials that have been collected or recovered from solid waste and
and purity that the finished product shall have the properties
reprocessed to become a source of raw material, as opposed to extra virgin
and characteristics to meet the performance requirements of raw materials.
this specification.
F1387 − 23
6.3 Seal Materials—Seals used with MAFs shall be as grades), and class. The pipe or tube selected for the technical
specified in Table 1. qualification to this specification shall meet the requirement
specified in 7.3.4. Technical qualification of the MAF assembly
6.4 Surface Applications and Coatings—Surface applica-
shall be based upon successful completion of all required
tions and coatings, if applicable, shall be applied and tested in
testing. Each MAF design is only qualified for use with the
accordance with the requirements specified in Table 2.
pipe or tube material and minimum to maximum wall thickness
6.5 MAF Fabrication—MAFs fabricated from two or more
tested or extended by interpolation (see 7.3.2 and 7.3.3).
parts may be welded. The use of brazing or soldering is not
7.3.1 Except as required by Annex A11 (Mercurous Nitrate
permitted.
Test), all MAFs tested shall be comprised of an equal number
6.5.1 Welding procedure qualification and welding operator
of specimens from the smallest and largest sizes within the size
performance qualification shall be in accordance with ASME
range of the MAF type, grade, and class being tested.
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Welding process
7.3.1.1 Test one or more intermediate sizes if the ratio of the
shall be in accordance with NAVSEA Tech Pub S9074-AR-
minimum and maximum pipe or tube outside diameter to be
GIB-010/278. Welded MAFs shall be tested in accordance with
tested is equal to or more than five.
the requirements as specified in 13.4.3.
7.3.2 Through reasonable interpolations between the MAF
6.5.2 The welding procedure qualification test shall dupli-
sizes tested, all other sizes of MAFs within the same type,
cate the joint configuration to be used in production.
grade (or combination of grades), and class, will be considered
6.6 Processing Stainless Steel Forgings—Austenitic stain-
acceptable if the MAF specimens pass all of the testing
less steel components manufactured by hot forge or other
requirements specified by the purchaser. Extrapolation is not
sensitizing processes shall be solution annealed and certified
acceptable.
free of intergranular precipitation. Practices A262 shall be used
7.3.3 Acceptance of tees, elbows, and other shapes within
to evaluate carbide precipitation in stainless steels.
the same class, may be accomplished by parametric analysis
(see 7.3.3.1), as agreed to between the manufacturer and the
7. Performance Requirements
purchaser based on the acceptance of couplings.
7.1 Testing Requirements—MAFs shall be subjected to the
7.3.3.1 If tees, elbows, and other shapes are made from a
standard performance tests specified in 13.1 and Table 3. The
different raw material form than the coupling (for example,
tests are described in the annexes. Supplementary tests speci-
tees and elbows manufactured from castings versus couplings
fied in 13.2 and Table S1.1 shall be performed when invoked in
manufactured from solid bar or round tube), this alternate
the order or contract by the purchaser.
material form shall undergo the same test regimen as the
7.1.1 These tests shall be repeated any time changes are
coupling. Once this is complete, parametric analysis may be
made in the design, material, or manufacturing process, which
used to qualify the remainder of the shapes as agreed to
in the opinion of the purchaser, may degrade the performance
between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
of MAFs.
7.3.4 Recommended pipe or tube for use with MAFs may be
7.2 Intermixing of MAF Subcomponents—The intermixing
qualified throughout its wall thickness range, when pipe or tube
by the purchaser of subcomponents of the same design, but of
of a minimum and maximum wall thickness are used within the
different brands or trade names, is not permitted unless
test specimens being qualified.
specifically authorized by the manufacturer.
7.3.5 The MAFs may incorporate non-MAF features (that
7.2.1 When subcomponents of different brands, trade
is, bolted flanges, and so forth). Those non-MAF features that
names, or manufacturers are used, the manufacturer testing the
are part of a MAF configuration shall meet the current issue of
MAF design shall specify this information in the test report.
existing military and commercial documents (as applicable).
7.3 Qualification Requirements—MAFs shall be tested us- Qualification of the non-MAF features are not within the scope
ing specimens of the same type, grade (or combination of of this specification.
A
TABLE 2 Finishes and Coatings Applied to MAFs
Material Grade Type of Finish or Coating Applicable Document Test Requirement Applicable Document Test Results
B,C D
A Cadmium Coating B766 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 72 h before red rust
D
B696
A
B
A Zinc Coating Type II, B633 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 72 h before red rust
Surface Condition 1
B
A Phosphate Coat Class 1 MIL-DTL-16232 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 32 h before red rust
B Passivation A380/A380M Copper Sulphate Test AMS-STD-753 pass copper sulphate test
A967 Method 102
A
Other finishes or coatings not specified herein may be used upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
B
Coating shall be a minimum of 0.0002 followed by a chromate treatment or with a phosphate coating with oil finish.
C
Cadmium plating shall not be used on MAFs intended for use on U.S. Navy vessels.
D
SAE Specification AMS-QQ-P-416 plating may also be used.
F1387 − 23
A
TABLE 3 Specimen Geometry and Testing Requirements
Description of Test Number of Specimens Applicability of Test
Permanent Separable Permanent Separable
Examination of specimen 22 28 yes yes
B
Pneumatic proof test 22 28 yes yes
B
Hydrostatic proof test 22 28 yes yes
C D
Impulse test 6 6 yes yes
C D
Flexure fatigue test 6 6 yes yes
Tensile test 6 6 yes yes
C,E
Burst test 4 4 yes yes
C D
Repeat assembly test . . . no yes
C
Rotary flexure test . . . 6 no yes
F F
Mercurous nitrate test 2 2 . . . . . .
A
Number of specimens does not include any specimens for supplementary tests (see Table S1.1). When supplementary requirements in S1.3.8 are invoked, the number
of specimens for all tests (annex and supplementary) shall be as specified in the supplementary requirements section.
B
This test is optional to whether it is performed before all other testing.
C
Specimens can be reused for other primary tests as long as all requirements herein are complied with for each test.
D
A minimum of 50 % of specimens selected for impulse and flexure fatigue testing shall be subjected to repeat assembly testing.
E
When the Supplementary Requirements of this specification are invoked, burst test specimens shall be comprised only with passed specimens from elevated temperature
soak (see S3) and shock test (see S6). When the Supplementary Requirements are not invoked, new or passed specimens from other tests in the annexes can be used.
In any event, the minimum quantity of specimens used for this test shall be as specified.
F
Two MAFs from each size and shape made from either copper zinc alloys containing more than 15 % zinc or copper-aluminum alloys shall be tested. These specimens
shall be assembled onto pipe or tube, but do not have to be capped for pneumatic and hydrostatic testing before performing the mercurous nitrate test.
7.4 Test Report—Upon completion of testing, a test report MIL-PRF-7808, MIL-PRF-17331, or MIL-PRF-83282 may be
shall be written and maintained on file during the life cycle of used without affecting the validity of the test.
the design. A copy of this report shall be made available upon 7.6.4 Temperature—Unless otherwise specified, the allow-
request from the purchasing activity. able tolerance for temperature applied to the test specimen
7.4.1 A failure during testing shall be analyzed and the during testing shall be 65 °C (610 °F).
failure analysis (see 11.3.1 and 11.3.2) and corrective action
7.7 Pass or Fail Criteria—Pass or fail criteria for each test
shall be included in the test report.
shall be based upon meeting or exceeding the performance
7.4.2 A retest as specified in Section 11 may be allowed
requirements specified in each test.
when failure of the original assembly occurs during testing.
When retesting is permitted, the failure analysis and corrective 8. Dimensions
action shall be included in the test report as specified in 7.4.1.
8.1 MAF Dimensions:
7.5 Test Equipment and Inspection Facilities—The manu- 8.1.1 Type I MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the
facturer shall ensure that test equipment and inspection facili- manufacturer.
ties of sufficient accuracy, quality, and quantity are established 8.1.2 Types II and III MAF dimensions shall be as specified
and maintained to permit the performance of required inspec- in MIL-DTL-18866 or SAE J514 or as agreed to between the
tions. manufacturer and the purchaser.
7.5.1 Calibration System Requirements—The manufacturer 8.1.3 Type IV MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the
shall maintain a calibration system for all measuring and test manufacturer.
equipment (M & TE) in accordance with ANSI/NCSL Z540 8.1.4 Type V MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the
with traceability to the National Institute of Standards and manufacturer.
Technology (NIST). 8.1.5 Type VI MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the
7.5.1.1 Accuracy of the M & TE used to measure allowable manufacturer.
variables during testing shall be within one third of the
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
tolerances permitted (see 7.6).
9.1 Machined Surfaces—Machined surfaces shall be free
7.6 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the test,
from burrs, cracks, laps, or seams which would affect the
the following tolerances shall be used to control conditions of
suitability for the intended service.
the tests specified in the annexes:
9.1.1 All machined surfaces shall be 3.2-μm roughness,
7.6.1 Ambient Conditions—When ambient is specified, stan-
average (R ) (125-μin. R ) as specified in ASME B46.1 or
a a
dard ambient conditions shall be maintained at 25 °C 6 10 °C
duplicate of that qualified.
(77 °F 6 18 °F).
9.1.1.1 External surfaces that do not affect the overall
7.6.2 Pressure—Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance
function of MAFs shall be excluded from the requirement
for the internal pressure applied to the test specimen during
specified in 9.1.1.
testing shall be maintained at 65 %.
7.6.3 Test Fluids—Unless otherwise specified, the test fluids 9.2 Unmachined Surfaces—Unmachined surfaces, such as
used in the testing of MAF shall include those fluids specified forging or casting surfaces and bar stock flats, shall be free
within the test. Water and other fluids such as SAE Grade 10W, from scale, blisters, fins, folds, seams, laps, segregations, or
F1387 − 23
cracks which may be injurious to personnel or equipment or 11.3.1 If the failure is determined to be design related, the
affect MAF performance. manufacturer shall redesign the MAF and start all tests from
the beginning. The requirements in 11.3.2 shall not apply to
10. Sampling for Testing redesigned MAF.
11.3.2 If the failure is determined to be unrelated to the
10.1 Inspection Sampling of Raw Material—Except when
design, the test specimen shall be rerun. A replacement test
specified herein, the number of samples required for inspection
specimen shall be prepared in accordance with the require-
of raw materials for conformance of products during manufac-
ments in 11.2 and Section 12.
turing and processing shall be in accordance with established
11.3.3 If the failure cannot be determined to be either design
quality assurance procedures maintained by the manufacturer
related or not design related, the manufacturer shall test three
and approved by the purchaser.
additional penalty specimens. The requirements specified in
10.2 In-Process Inspection Sampling of MAFs—Inspection
11.3.2 shall apply.
sampling plans of MAFs being manufactured or processed
11.4 Penalty Run Specimen Preparation—Penalty run
shall be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and
specimens shall be prepared when MAF has failed any of the
the purchaser. MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 shall be
tests specified in the annexes.
used when specified in the purchase order or contract. Level of
11.4.1 The MAF used for penalty runs shall be of the same
inspection and acceptable quality level (AQL) shall be in
type, grade, and class as the failed MAF being replaced.
accordance with the manufacturer’s quality assurance proce-
11.4.2 The pipe or tube used in penalty runs shall be of the
dures.
same material (including form and condition), outer diameter,
10.3 Lot Acceptance—Lot acceptance sampling plans shall
and wall thicknesses as the pipe or tube being replaced.
be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
11.4.3 Preparation of the penalty run specimens shall be in
purchaser. MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 shall be used
accordance with Section 12.
when specified in the purchase order or contract.
11.4.4 Penalty run specimens shall be identified in accor-
10.4 Sampling for Inspection of Type III Ferrules—A ran-
dance with 12.3 and 11.4.5.
dom sample of ferrules shall be selected from each lot in
11.4.5 In addition to the part number and test specimen
accordance with MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, Special
number, a designator shall be placed after the test specimen
Inspection Level S-2, AQL of 2.5, and tested in accordance
number which would allow the specimen to be identified as a
with 13.4.1. Other inspection or sampling plans may be used
penalty run specimen. The method used to identify penalty run
upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the
specimens shall be at the manufacturer’s option.
purchaser.
10.4.1 A minimum of five ferrules shall be randomly
12. Specimen Preparation
selected from each lot and subjected to the testing specified in
12.1 Specimen preparation and installation of MAFs on
13.4.2.
appropriate testing apparatus shall be in accordance with the
10.5 Sampling for Inspection of Fabricated MAFs—A mini-
manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
mum of four samples shall be selected at random from each lot
12.1.1 Permanent MAFs shall be assembled at the minimum
of welded products and subjected to the tests specified in
allowable insertion depth permitted by the manufacturer’s
13.4.3.
recommended procedure.
12.1.2 Separable MAFs shall be assembled using the mini-
11. Number of Tests and Retests
mum value (that is, torque, nut rotation, and so forth) permitted
by the manufacturer’s recommended procedure.
11.1 Number of Test Specimens—The tests used to qualify
MAFs and the number of specimens required for each test shall
12.2 Assembly of Specimens—MAFs qualified under the
be as specified in Table 3.
requirements of this specification shall be tested and qualified
as a completed assembly. The acceptance of similar, but
11.2 Replacement of Test Specimens—When untested speci-
different, MAF designs shall not permit the intermixing of their
mens are rejected as a result of overtightening, inferior
subcomponents such as sleeves, nuts, and ferrules.
workmanship or materials, or assembly, the specimens shall be
dispositioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality 12.2.1 Test specimens used in testing shall be assembled
assurance procedures. using a MAF of a single type, grade (or combination of
grades), and pipe or tube material.
11.2.1 The original unique numbers assigned in accordance
with 12.3.1 shall be recorded in the test report along with the 12.2.2 The wall thickness and outer diameter size of the
reason for rejection. pipe or tube shall be selected in accordance with the MAF sizes
(see 7.3.4) being qualified.
11.2.1.1 New test specimens with MAFs of the same type,
grade, and class, and pipe or tube of the same outside diameter 12.2.3 The test specimens shall be assembled using the
and wall thickness shall be prepared in accordance with specimen geometry specified in Fig. 1.
Section 12.
12.3 Identification of Test Specimens—Each test specimen
11.3 Penalty Runs—In the event of a test failure, the shall be identified with a unique number to provide traceability
manufacturer shall proceed with one of the following options: back to the test records.
F1387 − 23
FIG. 1 Typical Specimen Geometries
12.3.1 Identification of test specimens shall be permanent.
Thermal Cycling Test S2
Elevated Temperature Soak Test S3
In those cases in which size or design does not permit
Stress-Corrosion Test S4
permanent markings, tagging or bagging may be used.
Torsion Test S5
12.3.2 When, as a result of testing, a test specimen is
High-Impact Shock Test S6
Fire Test S7
sectioned into two or more pieces, the identification method
Vibration Test S8
shall be as specified in 12.3.1.
13.3 Certification of Test Results—If certified test results are
13. Test Methods
required, a certification shall be provided to the purchaser as
specified in the contract or purchase order.
13.1 Standard Qualification Tests—All tests used to qualify
MAFs shall be as specified in the annexes. The following
13.4 In-Process Inspection Tests—The following tests shall
primary tests are described:
be performed by the manufacturer in accordance with in-house
practices and when specified in the contract or purchase order:
Name of Test Section
13.4.1 Metallographically prepare, microexamine, and test
Performance Tests for MAFs Annex A1
for hardness and microstructural conformance to the manufac-
Examination of Specimen Annex A2
Pneumatic Proof Test Annex A3 turer’s appropriate specification a random sample of Type III
Hydrostatic Proof Test Annex A4
ferrules, as specified in 10.4.1. An appropriate specification is
Impulse Test Annex A5
defined as the documented procedures that the manufacturer
Flexure Fatigue Test Annex A6
Tensile Test Annex A7 uses on a continuing basis to produce ferrules. Such ferrules
Hydrostatic Burst Test Annex A8
shall be of the same quality as those used in the assemblies that
Repeated Assembly Test Annex A9
were previously tested and found to satisfy the performance
Rotary Flexure Test Annex A10
Mercurous Nitrate Test Annex A11
requirements of this specification.
13.4.2 Randomly select a minimum of five Type III ferrules
13.2 Supplementary Tests—When one or more of the
from each lot as specified in 10.5 and test for cut bite quality.
supplementary requirements are requested by the purchaser
13.4.2.1 Preset the Type III ferrules onto tubing as specified
(see 1.2), the following applicable test(s) shall also be per-
in 13.4.2.2. After disassembly, drive back each ferrule to
formed:
expose the ring cut for examination. The cut bite shall
Name of Test Section
completely encircle the periphery of the tube. The cut bite shall
General Requirements S1
be clean, smooth, and uniform. A jagged irregular cut bite is
F1387 − 23
unacceptable. There shall be no longitudinal or circumferential 14.3 Quality Conformance Inspection—MAFs shall be vi-
cracks on the ferrule before driving it back. sually and dimensionally examined to verify compliance with
13.4.2.2 Use Type 304 tubing in accordance with Specifi-
the appropriate drawings. Quality conformance inspection
cations A213/A213M, A249/A249M, or A269/A269M for
shall be performed on each lot of MAFs produced under this
testing corrosion-resistant steel MAFs. Use SAE 1010 tubing
specification.
to test carbon steel MAFs. The tubing materials as specified
14.3.1 The inspection lot of MAFs shall include MAFs of
will assure consistent results of testing. Preset Type III ferrules
the same size and shape manufactured under essentially the
onto the tubing in accordance with the manufacturer’s recom-
same conditions from the same lot of material and submitted
mended procedures using either a presetting machine, preset-
for inspection at one time.
ting tool, or the MAF.
13.4.2.3 When the Type III ferrules are manufactured from 14.4 Process Control Inspection—MAFs shall be inspected
materials other than those specified in 13.4.2.2, conduct the test throughout the entire manufacturing and processing cycle.
using tubing material as recommended by the manufacturer.
Methods of inspection shall be in compliance with the manu-
13.4.3 Fracture test a minimum of four MAFs selected at
facturer’s quality assurance procedures.
random from each lot of welded MAFs as specified in 13.4.3.1
14.5 Inspection Records—Inspection records shall be main-
and then either crush test in accordance with 13.4.3.2 or
tained by the manufacturer. The length of time on file shall be
macroexamine in accordance with 13.4.3.3.
in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality assurance pro-
13.4.3.1 Test two MAFs. Cut each MAF into two or more
cedures.
sections. Cut the sections so that the weld is perpendicular to
the longitudinal axis of the section. The total width of the
14.6 Performance Testing Records—The manufacturer shall
sections taken from each MAF shall be equal to or exceed one
maintain a record of all performance tests thr
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1387 − 19 F1387 − 23 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Performance of Piping and Tubing Mechanically Attached
Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1387; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification establishes the performance characteristics required for mechanically attached fittings (MAFs) for use in
piping and tubing systems. These fittings directly attach to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the pipe or tube or fitting,
or a combination thereof, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or created
independently. Successful completion of the tests described constitutes completion of the technical portion of the qualification
process.
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when
specified in part or whole by the purchaser in the order. Unless otherwise specified, U.S. Navy contracts shall invoke the
supplementary requirements in whole.
1.3 Unless specific MAF types are specified, the term “MAF” shall apply to all types described herein.
1.4 The tests specified in Section 13 and described in Annex A1 and the Supplementary Requirements Section are applicable only
to ascertain the performance characteristics of MAFs. These tests are not intended for use in the evaluation of non-MAF products.
1.5 A fire performance test is specified in Supplementary Requirement S7. This test provides general guidelines to determine the
responsiveness of MAFs when subjected to fire. This test should not be considered for use to evaluate non-MAF products.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the tests listed in Section 13 and the tests described in the Supplementary
Requirements Section and the annexes of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
Machinery and Piping Systems.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2019July 1, 2023. Published December 2019September 2023. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20122019
as F1387 – 99 (2012).F1387 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/F1387-19.10.1520/F1387-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1387 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
A106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-Rolled
A167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (Withdrawn 2014)
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts
for High-Temperature Service
A213/A213M Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes
A234/A234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature
Service
A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and
for General Applications
A249/A249M Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A269/A269M Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service
A276/A276M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A312/A312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, and Heavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes
A335/A335M Specification for Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A380/A380M Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems
A403/A403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
A479/A479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
A564/A564M Specification for Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Age-Hardening Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes
A576 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality
A967 Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts
A999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel
Tubes
B16/B16M Specification for Free-Cutting Brass Rod, Bar and Shapes for Use in Screw Machines
B21/B21M Specification for Naval Brass Rod, Bar, and Shapes
B36/B36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, And Rolled Bar
B75/B75M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
B88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
B111/B111M Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Seamless Condenser Tubes and Ferrule Stock
B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
B121/B121M Specification for Leaded Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B122/B122M Specification for Copper-Nickel-Tin Alloy, Copper-Nickel-Zinc Alloy (Nickel Silver), and Copper-Nickel Alloy
Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
B124/B124M Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Forging Rod, Bar, and Shapes
B154 Test Method for Mercurous Nitrate Test for Copper Alloys
B164 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy Rod, Bar, and Wire
B251/B251M Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy Tube
B369/B369M Specification for Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings
B371/B371M Specification for Copper-Zinc-Silicon Alloy Rod
B564 Specification for Nickel Alloy Forgings
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
B696 Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Mechanically Deposited
B766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
F1387 − 23
E511 Test Method for Measuring Heat Flux Using a Copper-Constantan Circular Foil, Heat-Flux Transducer
E1529 Test Methods for Determining Effects of Large Hydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Members and Assemblies
2.2 Federal Specifications:
QQ-N-281 Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire, Forgings and Structural and Special Shaped Sections
QQ-N-286 Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS N05500)
2.3 Military Specifications:
MIL-DTL-901 Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems, Requirements for
MIL-T-1368 Tube and Pipe, Nickel Copper Alloy Seamless and Welded
MIL-PRF-7808 Lubricating Oil, Aircraft Turbine Engine, Synthetic Base, NATO Code Number O-148
MIL-T-8606 Tubing, Steel Corrosion-Resistant (18-8 Stabilized and Extra Low Carbon)
MIL-C-15726 Copper-Nickel Alloy, Rod, Flat Products (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate) and Forgings
MIL-DTL-16232 Phosphate Coatings, Heavy, Manganese or Zinc Base (for Ferrous Metals)
MIL-T-16420 Tube, Copper Nickel Alloy, Seamless and Welded (Copper Alloy Numbers 715 and 706)
MIL-PRF-17331 Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear, Moderate Service
MIL-DTL-18866 Fittings Hydraulic Tube, Flared, 37° and Flareless Steel
MIL-T-24107 Tube, Copper, (Seamless) (Copper Numbers 102, 103, 108, 120, 122, and 142)
MIL-P-24691/1 Pipe and Tube, Carbon Steel, Seamless
MIL-P-24691/2 Pipe and Tube, Chromium-Molybdenum Steel, Seamless
MIL-P-24691/3 Pipe and Tube, Corrosion-Resistant, Stainless Steel, Seamless or Welded
MIL-PRF-83282 Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft, Metric, NATO Code Number H-537
2.4 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-167-1 Mechanical Vibration of Shipboard Equipment (Type I – Environmental and Type II – Internally Excited)
MIL-STD-777 Schedule of Piping Valves, Fittings, and Associated Piping Components for Naval Surface Ships
MIL-STD-889 Dissimilar Metals
MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods for Acceptance of Products
NAVSEA Technical Publication S9074-AR-GIB-010/278
2.5 ANSI Publications:
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
ANSI/NCSL Z540 General Requirements for Laboratories and Measuring and Test Equipment
2.6 ASME Publications:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX
B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
2.7 SAE Publications:
AMS 2243 Tolerances, Corrosion Resistant Steel Tubing
AMS 5643 Bars, Forgings, Tubing and Rings — 16 Cr 4.0 Ni 0.30 (Cb + Ta) 4.0 Cu
AMS-QQ-P-416 Plating Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
AMS-QQ-S-763 Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings; Corrosion Resistant
AMS-STD-753 Corrosion Resistant Steel Parts: Sampling, Inspection and Testing for Surface Passivation
AS3208 Packing, Preformed – AMS 7276, Seal
AS3209 Packing, Preformed – AMS 7276, ‘O’ Ring
SAE J514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings
SAE J515 Hydraulic “O” Ring
SAE 1010 Carbon Steel: Nonsulfurized Manganese 10 % Minimum
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 class, n—a group of MAFs of a particular design with the dimensions proportional to pipe or tube outside diameters, made
from the same material grade (or combination of grades), for the same rated pressure, or for a rated pressure inversely proportional
to the diameter.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Class designation for MAF is assigned based upon the rated pressure used to test the MAF design.
Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http://quicksearch.dla.mil.
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
F1387 − 23
3.1.2 failure, n—any leakage or joint separation unless otherwise determined to be due to a tubing/pipe or fitting defect.
3.1.3 fitting, n—connecting device used to join multiple pipes or tubes or other MAFs together to create a working system.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Shapes such as couplings, unions, elbows, tees, crosses, plugs, adapters, reducers, flanges, and special shapes are used as needed
to fulfill MAF system design specifications.
3.1.4 joint, n—interface between pipe or tube and MAFs where the seal is maintained or mechanical holding strength is applied
or maintained within the overall MAF design.
3.1.5 leakage, n—the escape of fluid or gas from any point of the MAF, including the MAF joint interface, sufficient to drop or
flow from the point of formation or gas bubbles rising to the surface after the first minute of submersion.
3.1.6 mechanically attached fitting (MAF), n—a fitting that is directly attached to pipe or tube by mechanical deformation of the
pipe/tube or fitting, or both, creating a seal and a restrained joint. The seal may be created via the mechanical deformation or
created independently.
3.1.7 penalty run, n—a penalty run is performed with penalty run MAF specimens when the original MAF test specimen leaks
or separates during testing as a result of any cause that is not related to the design of the MAF being qualified.
3.1.8 penalty run MAF specimens, n—additional specimen(s) that are tested in the place of the original specimen(s) (see 3.1.7).
3.1.8.1 Discussion—
These additional MAF specimen(s) are assembled using the same methods along with additional MAFs of the same type, grade,
class, and configuration and additional pipe or tube with the same wall thickness and material conditions as the original test
specimen.
3.1.9 permanent MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes or other
MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and components. In either case, the permanent MAFs cannot be disassembled and reused
after initial assembly.
3.1.10 pipe, n—hollow round product conforming to the dimensional requirements for nominal pipe size (NPS) as tabulated in
ASME B36.10M, Table 2.
3.1.11 rated pressure, n—the manufacturer’s recommended in-service pressure assigned to the MAF (see 3.1.15).
3.1.12 separable MAF, n—a fitting whose joint(s) attach directly to the pipe or tube to join two or more pipes or tubes or other
MAFs in a combination of pipes or tubes and components. Once assembled, the separable MAFs can be disassembled and
reassembled a multiple number of times.
3.1.12.1 Discussion—
Some subcomponents of separable MAFs may become permanently attached to the pipe or tube without affecting the function of
the joint.
3.1.13 specimen, n—a prepared assembly consisting of a MAF assembled onto a preselected pipe or tube. The specimen is placed
into a controlled environment and tested to determine if the MAF assembly meets the requirements specified in the test being
performed.
3.1.14 test pressure, n—a selected pressure used during testing, which is based upon the rated pressure (see 3.1.13) of the MAF
or pipe or tube, whichever is lower, times the factor specified for each test (that is, 1.25, 1.50, 2.00, 4.00, and so forth).
3.1.15 tube, n—hollow round product which is usually specified with respect to outside diameter and wall thickness.
4. Classification
4.1 MAFs are classified into the following design types:
F1387 − 23
NOTE 1—Each MAF type may consist of more than one material and class.
4.1.1 Type I: Radially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—A portion of the MAF diameter is reduced mechanically by means of an
installation tool through radial compression to provide an intimate joint. The properly installed MAF has a circumferential
deformation of predetermined dimensions.
4.1.2 Type II: Flared MAF (Separable)—An assembly that consists of a body, nut, and sleeve. The MAF is designed to mate with
a tube or other component which has been flared or machined to a specific angle. The flared tube end is positioned onto the MAF
body cone or seat. The nut is then tightened to the body thread, thus providing a tube-to-MAF seal through mechanical retention.
4.1.3 Type III: Flareless (Bite-Type) MAF (Separable)—An assembly having a ferrule, nut, and body. The ferrule penetrates the
outside of the tubing, thus providing a pressure seal and holding mechanism.
4.1.4 Type IV: Grip-Type MAF (Separable)—An assembly having one or two ferrules that are compressed into the surface of the
tube. In the case of the two-ferrule MAF, the forward ferrule provides the primary seal through radial compression around the outer
diameter of the tube. The rear ferrule acts as the primary mechanical holding device. In the case of the single-ferrule design, the
ferrule is used to seal and act as the primary mechanical holding device.
4.1.5 Type V: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) MAF (Permanent)—Mechanically attached fittings that use SMA to provide the
mechanical force required to produce a metal-to-metal seal between the pipe or tube and the MAF. The metal-to-metal seal that
is formed is a “live crimp” since the pipe or tube and the SMA are in a state of dynamic equilibrium. The SMA maintains a
permanent inward radial force on the pipe or tube at all times. The MAF body itself may be manufactured from a nonshape memory
metal and used in conjunction with a driver made from SMA.
4.1.6 Type VI: Axially Swaged MAF (Permanent)—Mechanically attached fittings that have machined swaging rings telescopically
“press fit” from the extremities toward the center of the MAF body. An installation tool advances the swaging rings axially over
the MAF body into a seated and locked position. The swage rings compress the MAF body onto the pipe or tube forming a
metal-to-metal seal. The seal is permanently maintained by the force radially exerted by the swaging rings onto the sealing
interface.
4.2 The MAFs shall be made from one or more of the following material grades:
NOTE 2—When multiple components resulting in more than one material grade are specified within a MAF assembly, the combination of grades used
shall be galvanically compatible.
4.2.1 Grade A—Carbon steel.
4.2.2 Grade B—Stainless steel.
4.2.3 Grade C—Nickel-copper.
4.2.4 Grade D—Copper-nickel.
4.2.5 Grade E—Brass.
4.2.6 Grade F—Nickel titanium.
4.3 The MAF rated pressure may be one of the following classes:
NOTE 3—The rated pressure may differ within the size range of a MAF being qualified (see 3.1.1).
4.3.1 Class 1—1.38 MPa (200 psi) maximum.
4.3.2 Class 2—2.76 MPa (400 psi) maximum.
F1387 − 23
4.3.3 Class 3—4.83 MPa (700 psi) maximum.
4.3.4 Class 4—6.90 MPa (1000 psi) maximum.
4.3.5 Class 5—10.34 MPa (1500 psi) maximum.
4.3.6 Class 6—13.79 MPa (2000 psi) maximum.
4.3.7 Class 7—20.69 MPa (3000 psi) maximum.
4.3.8 Class 8—25.86 MPa (3750 psi) maximum.
4.3.9 Class 9—34.48 MPa (5000 psi) maximum.
4.3.10 Class 10—41.37 MPa (6000 psi) maximum.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for MAFs under this specification shall include the following:
5.1.1 ASTM designation, title, number, and year of issue;
5.1.2 Quantity of fittings (MAF);
5.1.3 Size, nominal pipe size (NPS), or outer diameter (OD);
5.1.4 Type (I, II, III, IV, V, or VI);
5.1.5 Material grade (see 4.2, 6.1, or Table 1);
5.1.6 Class (see 3.1.1 and 4.3);
5.1.7 MAF shape (that is, straight, elbow, cross, union, coupling, and so forth) (see 3.1.3);
5.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any;
5.1.9 Other requirements agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer; and
5.1.10 Inspection and acceptance of MAFs as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier (see Section 14).
5.2 Optional Ordering Requirements:
5.2.1 Certification (see Section 15), and
5.2.2 Special marking requirements (see Section 16 and S1.5).
6. Materials and Manufacture
6.1 MAF Material—The MAF material used may be as specified in Table 1 or may be other materials not specified in Table 1,
as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
6.1.1 All types may be manufactured from wrought bars, forgings, castings, pipe, or tube.
6.1.2 Flow of Grain—MAFs machined from hot- or cold-drawn bars shall have their longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the bar with at least the center one third of the bar removed during the manufacturing process unless testing shows the center
material to be free of injurious defects.
F1387 − 23
TABLE 1 Material Specifications for MAFs
Nut/Ring
Type Straight Shape Sleeve or Ferrule Backup Washer Seal Material
(Body, Lock, Jam)
Grade A: Carbon Steel
A
I A108 A576 A108 . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
B C
II A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
D
III A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
B D
IV A108 A576 A576 A108 A109/A109M
A E A D
VI A108 A576 A108 . . . . . .
Grade B: Stainless Steel
F G F
I A312/A312M AMS-QQ-S-763 A312/A312M . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
H H I C
II A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A479/A479M A167
H J I D
III A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A564/A564M A167
I D
IV A479/A479M A182/A182M A479/A479M A276/A276M A167
A240/A240M
F K F D
VI A312/A312M A182/A182M A312/A312M . . . . . .
Grade C: Nickel Copper
I C
II B164 B564 B164 B164 A167
I D
III B164 A564/A564M B164 B164 A167
L L L L I D
IV B164 B564 B164 B164 A167
QQ-N-286
Grade D: Copper Nickel
M M M
I MIL-C-15726 B369/B369M MIL-C-15726 . . . . . . AS3208/AS3209
I C
II B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M A167
I I D
III B122/B122M B122/B122M B122/B122M A564/A564M A167
M M M D
VI MIL-C-15726 B369/B369M MIL-C-15726 . . . . . .
Grade E: Brass
N O C
II B16/B16M B124/B124M B16/B16M B111/B111M . . .
P P P P D
IV B16/B16M B124/B124M B16/B16M B16/B16M . . .
Grade F: Nickel Titanium
Q Q Q D
V . . . . . .
A
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A106/A106M (Grade B) may be used.
B
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A108 may be used.
C
When required by the MAF design, O-rings in accordance with SAE J515 shall be used to connect the MAF end.
D
No O-rings used to connect the MAF end.
E
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A234/A234M may be used.
F
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-P-24691/3 may be used.
G
304, 304L or 316, 316L material may be used.
H
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A276/A276M may be used.
I
Grade 302.
J
Alternate material in conformance to AMS 5643 may be used.
K
Alternate material in conformance to Specification A403/A403M may be used.
L
Alternate material in conformance to QQ-N-281 may be used.
M
Alternate material in conformance to MIL-T-16420 may be used.
N
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B21/B21M may be used.
O
Alternate material in conformance to Specification B371/B371M may be used.
P
Alternate material in conformance to Specifications B36/B36M, B121/B121M, or B124/B124M may be used.
Q
In accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
6.2 Material Quality—The material shall be of such quality and purity that the finished product shall have the properties and
characteristics to meet the performance requirements of this specification.
6.2.1 The manufacturer is encouraged to use materials produced from recovered materials to the maximum extent practicable
without jeopardizing the intended use. Used or rebuilt products shall not be used.
NOTE 4—The term “recovered materials” is interpreted as those materials that have been collected or recovered from solid waste and reprocessed to
become a source of raw material, as opposed to extra virgin raw materials.
F1387 − 23
6.3 Seal Materials—Seals used with MAFs shall be as specified in Table 1.
6.4 Surface Applications and Coatings—Surface applications and coatings, if applicable, shall be applied and tested in accordance
with the requirements specified in Table 2.
6.5 MAF Fabrication—MAFs fabricated from two or more parts may be welded. The use of brazing or soldering is not permitted.
6.5.1 Welding procedure qualification and welding operator performance qualification shall be in accordance with ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX. Welding process shall be in accordance with NAVSEA Tech Pub S9074-AR-GIB-010/278.
Welded MAFs shall be tested in accordance with the requirements as specified in 13.4.3.
6.5.2 The welding procedure qualification test shall duplicate the joint configuration to be used in production.
6.6 Processing Stainless Steel Forgings—Austenitic stainless steel components manufactured by hot forge or other sensitizing
processes shall be solution annealed and certified free of intergranular precipitation. Practices A262 shall be used to evaluate
carbide precipitation in stainless steels.
7. Performance Requirements
7.1 Testing Requirements—MAFs shall be subjected to the standard performance tests specified in 13.1 and Table 3. The tests are
described in the annexes. Supplementary tests specified in 13.2 and Table S1.1 shall be performed when invoked in the order or
contract by the purchaser.
7.1.1 These tests shall be repeated any time changes are made in the design, material, or manufacturing process, which in the
opinion of the purchaser, may degrade the performance of MAFs.
7.2 Intermixing of MAF Subcomponents—The intermixing by the purchaser of subcomponents of the same design, but of different
brands or trade names, is not permitted unless specifically authorized by the manufacturer.
7.2.1 When subcomponents of different brands, trade names, or manufacturers are used, the manufacturer testing the MAF design
shall specify this information in the test report.
7.3 Qualification Requirements—MAFs shall be tested using specimens of the same type, grade (or combination of grades), and
class. The pipe or tube selected for the technical qualification to this specification shall meet the requirement specified in 7.3.4.
Technical qualification of the MAF assembly shall be based upon successful completion of all required testing. Each MAF design
is only qualified for use with the pipe or tube material and minimum to maximum wall thickness tested or extended by interpolation
(see 7.3.2 and 7.3.3).
7.3.1 Except as required by Annex A11 (Mercurous Nitrate Test), all MAFs tested shall be comprised of an equal number of
specimens from the smallest and largest sizes within the size range of the MAF type, grade, and class being tested.
A
TABLE 2 Finishes and Coatings Applied to MAFs
Material Grade Type of Finish or Coating Applicable Document Test Requirement Applicable Document Test Results
B,C D
A Cadmium Coating B766 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 72 h before red rust
D
B696
A
B
A Zinc Coating Type II, B633 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 72 h before red rust
Surface Condition 1
B
A Phosphate Coat Class 1 MIL-DTL-16232 Salt Spray (Fog) B117 32 h before red rust
B Passivation A380/A380M Copper Sulphate Test AMS-STD-753 pass copper sulphate test
A967 Method 102
A
Other finishes or coatings not specified herein may be used upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
B
Coating shall be a minimum of 0.0002 followed by a chromate treatment or with a phosphate coating with oil finish.
C
Cadmium plating shall not be used on MAFs intended for use on U.S. Navy vessels.
D
SAE Specification AMS-QQ-P-416 plating may also be used.
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A
TABLE 3 Specimen Geometry and Testing Requirements
Description of Test Number of Specimens Applicability of Test
Permanent Separable Permanent Separable
Examination of specimen 22 28 yes yes
B
Pneumatic proof test 22 28 yes yes
B
Hydrostatic proof test 22 28 yes yes
C D
Impulse test 6 6 yes yes
C D
Flexure fatigue test 6 6 yes yes
Tensile test 6 6 yes yes
C,E
Burst test 4 4 yes yes
C D
Repeat assembly test . . . no yes
C
Rotary flexure test . . . 6 no yes
F F
Mercurous nitrate test 2 2 . . . . . .
A
Number of specimens does not include any specimens for supplementary tests (see Table S1.1). When supplementary requirements in S1.3.8 are invoked, the number
of specimens for all tests (annex and supplementary) shall be as specified in the supplementary requirements section.
B
This test is optional to whether it is performed before all other testing.
C
Specimens can be reused for other primary tests as long as all requirements herein are complied with for each test.
D
A minimum of 50 % of specimens selected for impulse and flexure fatigue testing shall be subjected to repeat assembly testing.
E
When the Supplementary Requirements of this specification are invoked, burst test specimens shall be comprised only with passed specimens from elevated temperature
soak (see S3) and shock test (see S6). When the Supplementary Requirements are not invoked, new or passed specimens from other tests in the annexes can be used.
In any event, the minimum quantity of specimens used for this test shall be as specified.
F
Two MAFs from each size and shape made from either copper zinc alloys containing more than 15 % zinc or copper-aluminum alloys shall be tested. These specimens
shall be assembled onto pipe or tube, but do not have to be capped for pneumatic and hydrostatic testing before performing the mercurous nitrate test.
7.3.1.1 Test one or more intermediate sizes if the ratio of the minimum and maximum pipe or tube outside diameter to be tested
is equal to or more than five.
7.3.2 Through reasonable interpolations between the MAF sizes tested, all other sizes of MAFs within the same type, grade (or
combination of grades), and class, will be considered acceptable if the MAF specimens pass all of the testing requirements
specified by the purchaser. Extrapolation is not acceptable.
7.3.3 Acceptance of tees, elbows, and other shapes within the same class, may be accomplished by parametric analysis (see
7.3.3.1), as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser based on the acceptance of couplings.
7.3.3.1 If tees, elbows, and other shapes are made from a different raw material form than the coupling (for example, tees and
elbows manufactured from castings versus couplings manufactured from solid bar or round tube), this alternate material form shall
undergo the same test regimen as the coupling. Once this is complete, parametric analysis may be used to qualify the remainder
of the shapes as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
7.3.4 Recommended pipe or tube for use with MAFs may be qualified throughout its wall thickness range, when pipe or tube of
a minimum and maximum wall thickness are used within the test specimens being qualified.
7.3.5 The MAFs may incorporate non-MAF features (that is, bolted flanges, and so forth). Those non-MAF features that are part
of a MAF configuration shall meet the current issue of existing military and commercial documents (as applicable). Qualification
of the non-MAF features are not within the scope of this specification.
7.4 Test Report—Upon completion of testing, a test report shall be written and maintained on file during the life cycle of the
design. A copy of this report shall be made available upon request from the purchasing activity.
7.4.1 A failure during testing shall be analyzed and the failure analysis (see 11.3.1 and 11.3.2) and corrective action shall be
included in the test report.
7.4.2 A retest as specified in Section 11 may be allowed when failure of the original assembly occurs during testing. When
retesting is permitted, the failure analysis and corrective action shall be included in the test report as specified in 7.4.1.
7.5 Test Equipment and Inspection Facilities—The manufacturer shall ensure that test equipment and inspection facilities of
sufficient accuracy, quality, and quantity are established and maintained to permit the performance of required inspections.
7.5.1 Calibration System Requirements—The manufacturer shall maintain a calibration system for all measuring and test
equipment (M & TE) in accordance with ANSI/NCSL Z540 with traceability to the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST).
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7.5.1.1 Accuracy of the M & TE used to measure allowable variables during testing shall be within one third of the tolerances
permitted (see 7.6).
7.6 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the test, the following tolerances shall be used to control conditions of the tests
specified in the annexes:
7.6.1 Ambient Conditions—When ambient is specified, standard ambient conditions shall be maintained at 25 6 10°C (77 6
18°F).25 °C 6 10 °C (77 °F 6 18 °F).
7.6.2 Pressure—Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for the internal pressure applied to the test specimen during testing shall
be maintained at 65 %.
7.6.3 Test Fluids—Unless otherwise specified, the test fluids used in the testing of MAF shall include those fluids specified within
the test. Water and other fluids such as SAE Grade 10W, MIL-PRF-7808, MIL-PRF-17331, or MIL-PRF-83282 may be used
without affecting the validity of the test.
7.6.4 Temperature—Unless otherwise specified, the allowable tolerance for temperature applied to the test specimen during testing
shall be 65°C (610°F).65 °C (610 °F).
7.7 Pass or Fail Criteria—Pass or fail criteria for each test shall be based upon meeting or exceeding the performance
requirements specified in each test.
8. Dimensions
8.1 MAF Dimensions:
8.1.1 Type I MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
8.1.2 Types II and III MAF dimensions shall be as specified in MIL-DTL-18866 or SAE J514 or as agreed to between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
8.1.3 Type IV MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
8.1.4 Type V MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
8.1.5 Type VI MAF dimensions shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 Machined Surfaces—Machined surfaces shall be free from burrs, cracks, laps, or seams which would affect the suitability for
the intended service.
9.1.1 All machined surfaces shall be 3.2-μm roughness, average (R ) (125-μin. R ) as specified in ASME B46.1 or duplicate of
a a
that qualified.
9.1.1.1 External surfaces that do not affect the overall function of MAFs shall be excluded from the requirement specified in 9.1.1.
9.2 Unmachined Surfaces—Unmachined surfaces, such as forging or casting surfaces and bar stock flats, shall be free from scale,
blisters, fins, folds, seams, laps, segregations, or cracks which may be injurious to personnel or equipment or affect MAF
performance.
10. Sampling for Testing
10.1 Inspection Sampling of Raw Material—Except when specified herein, the number of samples required for inspection of raw
materials for conformance of products during manufacturing and processing shall be in accordance with established quality
assurance procedures maintained by the manufacturer and approved by the purchaser.
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10.2 In-Process Inspection Sampling of MAFs—Inspection sampling plans of MAFs being manufactured or processed shall be
mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 shall be used when
specified in the purchase order or contract. Level of inspection and acceptable quality level (AQL) shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s quality assurance procedures.
10.3 Lot Acceptance—Lot acceptance sampling plans shall be mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 shall be used when specified in the purchase order or contract.
10.4 Sampling for Inspection of Type III Ferrules—A random sample of ferrules shall be selected from each lot in accordance with
MIL-STD-1916 or ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, Special Inspection Level S-2, AQL of 2.5, and tested in accordance with 13.4.1. Other
inspection or sampling plans may be used upon mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
10.4.1 A minimum of five ferrules shall be randomly selected from each lot and subjected to the testing specified in 13.4.2.
10.5 Sampling for Inspection of Fabricated MAFs—A minimum of four samples shall be selected at random from each lot of
welded products and subjected to the tests specified in 13.4.3.
11. Number of Tests and Retests
11.1 Number of Test Specimens—The tests used to qualify MAFs and the number of specimens required for each test shall be as
specified in Table 3.
11.2 Replacement of Test Specimens—When untested specimens are rejected as a result of overtightening, inferior workmanship
or materials, or assembly, the specimens shall be dispositioned in accordance with the manufacturer’s quality assurance procedures.
11.2.1 The original unique numbers assigned in accordance with 12.3.1 shall be recorded in the test report along with the reason
for rejection.
11.2.1.1 New test specimens with MAFs of the same type, grade, and class, and pipe or tube of the same outside diameter and
wall thickness shall be prepared in accordance with Section 12.
11.3 Penalty Runs—In the event of a test failure, the manufacturer shall proceed with one of the following options:
11.3.1 If the failure is determined to be design related, the manufacturer shall redesign the MAF and start all tests from the
beginning. The requirements in 11.3.2 shall not apply to redesigned MAF.
11.3.2 If the failure is determined to be unrelated to the design, the test specimen shall be rerun. A replacement test specimen shall
be prepared in accordance with the requirements in 11.2 and Section 12.
11.3.3 If the failure cannot be determined to be either design related or not design related, the manufacturer shall test three
additional penalty specimens. The requirements specified in 11.3.2 shall apply.
11.4 Penalty Run Specimen Preparation—Penalty run specimens shall be prepared when MAF has failed any of the tests specified
in the annexes.
11.4.1 The MAF used for penalty runs shall be of the same type, grade, and class as the failed MAF being replaced.
11.4.2 The pipe or tube used in penalty runs shall be of the same material (including form and condition), outer diameter, and wall
thicknesses as the pipe or tube being replaced.
11.4.3 Preparation of the penalty run specimens shall be in accordance with Section 12.
11.4.4 Penalty run specimens shall be identified in accordance with 12.3 and 11.4.5.
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11.4.5 In addition to the part number and test specimen number, a designator shall be placed after the test specimen number which
would allow the specimen to be identified as a penalty run specimen. The method used to identify penalty run specimens shall be
at the manufacturer’s option.
12. Specimen Preparation
12.1 Specimen preparation and installation of MAFs on appropriate testing apparatus shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
12.1.1 Permanent MAFs shall be assembled at the minimum allowable insertion depth permitted by the manufacturer’s
recommended procedure.
12.1.2 Separable MAFs shall be assembled using the minimum value (that is, torque, nut rotation, and so forth) permitted by the
manufacturer’s recommended procedure.
12.2 Assembly of Specimens—MAFs qualified under the requirements of this specification shall be tested and qualified as a
completed assembly. The acceptance of similar, but different, MAF designs shall not permit the intermixing of their subcomponents
such as sleeves, nuts, and ferrules.
12.2.1 Test specimens used in testing shall be assembled using a MAF of a single type, grade (or combination of grades), and pipe
or tube material.
12.2.2 The wall thickness and outer diameter size of the pipe or tube shall be selected in accordance with the MAF sizes (see 7.3.4)
being qualified.
12.2.3 The test specimens shall be assembled using the specimen geometry specified in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Typical Specimen Geometries
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12.3 Identification of Test Specimens—Each test specimen shall be identified with a unique number to provide traceability back
to the test records.
12.3.1 Identification of test specimens shall be permanent. In those cases in which size or design does not permit permanent
markings, tagging or bagging may be used.
12.3.2 When, as a result of testing, a test specimen is sectioned into two or more pieces, the identification method shall be as
specified in 12.3.1.
13. Test Methods
13.1 Standard Qualification Tests—All tests used to qualify MAFs shall be as specified in the annexes. The following primary tests
are described:
Name of Test Section
Performance Tests for MAFs Annex A1
Examination of Specimen Annex A2
Pneumatic Proof Test Annex A3
Hydrostatic Proof Test Annex A4
Impulse Test Annex A5
Flexure Fatigue Test Annex A6
Tensile Test Annex A7
Hydrostatic Burst Test Annex A8
Repeated Assembly Test Annex A9
Rotary Flexure Test Annex A10
Mercurous Nitrate Test Annex A11
13.2 Supplementary Tests—When one or more of the supplementary requirements are requested by the purchaser (see 1.2), the
following applicable test(s) shall also be performed:
Name of Test Section
General Requirements S1
Thermal Cycling Test S2
Elevated Temperature Soak Test S3
Stress-Corrosion Test S4
Torsion Test S5
High-Impact Shock Test S6
Fire Test S7
Vibration Test S8
13.3 Certification of Test Results—If certified test results are required, a certification shall be provided to the purchaser as specified
in the contract or purchase order.
13.4 In-Process Inspection Tests—The following tests shall be performed by the manufacturer in accordance with in-house
practices and when specified in the contract or purchase order:
13.4.1 Metallographically prepare, microexamine, and test for hardness and microstructural conformance to the manufacturer’s
appropriate specification a random sample of Type III ferrules, as specified in 10.4.1. An appropriate specification is defined as the
documented procedures that the manufacturer uses on a continuing basis to produce ferrules. Such ferrules shall be of the same
quality as those used in the assemblies that were previously tested and found to satisfy the performance requirements of this
specification.
13.4.2 Randomly select a minimum of five Type III ferrules from each lot as specified in 10.5 and test for cut bite quality.
13.4.2.1 Preset the Type III ferrules onto tubing as specified in 13.4.2.2. After disassembly, drive back each ferrule to expose the
ring cut for examination. The cut bite shall completely encircle the periphery of the tube. The cut bite shall be clean, smooth, and
uniform. A jagged irregular cut bite is unacceptable. There shall be no longitudinal or circumferential cracks on the ferrule before
driving it back.
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13.4.2.2 Use Type 304 tubing in accordance with Specifications A213/A213M, A249/A249M, or A269/A269M for testing
corrosion-resistant steel MAFs. Use SAE 1010 tubing to test carbon steel MAFs. The tubing materials as specified will assure
consistent results of testing. Preset Type III ferrules onto the tubing in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended
procedures using either a presetting machine, presetting tool, or the MAF.
13.4.2.3 When the Type III ferrules are manufactured from materials other than those specified in 13.4.2.2, conduct the test using
tubing material as recommended by the manufacturer.
13.4.3 Fracture test a minimum of four MAFs selected at random from each lot of welded MAFs as specified in 13.4.3.1 and then
either crush test in accordance with 13.4.3.2 or macroexamine in accordance with 13.4.3.3.
13.4.3.1 Test two MAFs. Cut each MAF into two or more sections. Cut the sections so that the weld is perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the section. The total width of the sections taken from each MAF shall be equal to or exceed one fourth of
the circumference of the MAF. Remove all weld flashing. Load each section laterally in such a way that the root of the weld is
in tension. Bend the section until it fractures or is bent 90°. If the specimen fractures, the fractured surface shall show no evidence
of preexisting cracks or incomplete fusion, and the sum of the lengths of inclusions and porosity visible on the fractured surface
shall not exceed 10 % of the total area. Cracking or tearing of the parent material is acceptable.
13.4.3.2 Two MAFs shall be te
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