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ASTM D3775-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric

Standard Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric count and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
10-Nov-1998
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3775-02 - Standard Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
Effective Date
10-Sep-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6337-98(2019) - Standard Practice for Physical Characterization of Woven Paint Applicator Fabrics
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D1668/D1668M-97a(2021) - Standard Specification for Glass Fabrics (Woven and Treated) for Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4851-07(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4028/D4028M-13(2021) - Standard Specification for Solar Screening Woven from Vinyl-Coated Fiber Glass Yarn
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D7507-23 - Standard Specification for Woven High Stretch Fabrics Used in Apparel
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D1464-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D173/D173M-03(2018) - Standard Specification for Bitumen-Saturated Cotton Fabrics Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4389/D4389M-23 - Standard Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven From Rovings
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D4029/D4029M-23 - Standard Specification for Finished Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D580/D580M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes and Webbings
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D579/D579M-15 - Standard Specification for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998
Referred By
ASTM D2646-18 - Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings
Effective Date
11-Nov-1998

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ASTM D3775-98 - Standard Test Method for Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3775 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Fabric Count of Woven Fabric
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3775; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tance testing of commercial shipments because of prior exten-
sive use.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of fabric count
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
and is applicable to all types of woven fabrics.
reported test values when using Test Method D 3775 for
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
only.
there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers
2. Referenced Documents
to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
analysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
2.2 Other Standard:
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
ANSI/ASQC Z1.4—Inspection by Attributes
results with consideration of the known bias.
3. Terminology
6. Apparatus
3.1 Definitions:
6.1 Use any suitable device, such as pick glass, rule and
3.1.1 count, n—in woven textiles, the number of warp yarns
pointer, microfilm reader, or projection equipment.
(ends) and filling yarns (picks) per unit distance as counted
6.2 Use a scale graduated in mm ( ⁄16 in.) to measure the
while the fabric is held under zero tension, and is free of folds
length of fabric to be ravelled for a count of yarns.
and wrinkles.
3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
7. Sampling
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
4. Summary of Test Method take at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between
4.1 The number of warp yarns (ends) per unit distance and
the purchaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric to be the
filling yarns (picks) per unit distance are determined using
primary sampling units.
suitable magnifying and counting devices or by raveling yarns
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample, take a full
from fabrics.
width swatch at least2m(2yd) long from each roll of fabric
5. Significance and Use
in the lot sample. Consider each point at which fabric counts
are made as a test specimen.
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
NOTE 1—For specimens not obtained as directed in Section 7, the
results should not be used for acceptance testing of a lot.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D 13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
8. Conditioning
Specific.
Current edition approved Nov. 11, 1998. Published February 1999. Replaces
8.1 Condition specimens as directed in Practice D 1776.
Sections 28 to 34 of Methods D 1910 – 64 (1975). Originally published as
8.2 Fabrics woven from yarns having a relatively low
D 3775 – 79. Last previous edition D 3775 – 96.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
moisture regain in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles,
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
which is 21° 6 1 C (70° 6 2 F) and 65 % relative humidity,
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3775
and which are not significantly affected by minor variations in across the width of the laboratory sampling unit. Take succes-
different atmospheric conditions, for example, nylons, acrylics, sive filling yarn (pick) counts in five different random points
and polyesters, may be tested without preconditioning. Fabrics along the length of the laboratory sample.
woven from yarns composed wholly or in part from wool, 9.4.1.1 One option is to ravel a piece of fabric parallel to the
rayon, cotton, or acetate are more sensitive to atmospheric direction to be counted to get a straight edge, then ravel and
changes and must be conditioned prior to testing, except by count the yarns in a 25-mm (1 in.) strip.
agreement of all parties interested in the test results. 9.4.1.2 A second option is to make a straight cut through the
8.3 When full rolls or bolts of fabric cannot be properly fabric across the yarns to be counted. Place a ruler along the cut
conditioned in a reasonable time with available facilities, edge and mark off a 25-mm (1 in.) length and then count the
perform the test without conditioning and report the actual number of protruding yarns between the two marks. When
conditions prevailing at the time of the test. Such results may possible, ravel a yarn or two to emphasize the protruding yarns.
not correspond with the results obtained after testing in the
10. Calculation
standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
10.1 In both warp and filling counts, calculate the fabric
9. Procedure
count as the average of all observations made in integral units
9.1 General:
for each roll and for the lot.
9.1.1 For fabric widths 1000-mm (40-in.) or more, make no
count closer than 150-mm (6-in.) from the selvage edge or 11. Report
within 0.5 m (0.5 yd) from the end of the roll or piece, except
11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed in Test
for fabric widths less than 1000-mm (40-in.).
Method D 3775. Describe the material or product sampled and
9.1.2 For fabric widths less than 1000-mm (40-in.) and
the method of sampling used.
greater than 125-mm (5-in.) make no count closer than one
11.2 Report the following information:
tenth of the width of the fabric, or within 0.5-m (0.5-yd) from
11.2.1 Average number of warp ends and filling picks per 25
the end of the roll or piece.
mm (1 in.) calculated to the nearest individual yarn; stating the
9.1.3 For fabrics less than 125 mm (5 in.) wide: count all the
warp
...

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This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
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5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.3 The stiffness of a fabric may change with storage.  
5.4 No evidence has been found showing that bending length is dependent on the width of the test specimen. The tendency for specimens to curl or twist will affect the result, because of the rigidity provided at the edge of the specimen. Consequently, the wider the strip, the less important is the edge effect. For fabrics having only a slight tendency to curl, a 2.5 cm wide strip has been found to be satisfactory. As the tendency to curl increases, this width may be increased (see Note 10).  
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1.2.1 This method may be used to determine the stiffness of nonwoven materials (for example, hydroentangled, dry laid, needlepunch, resin bonded, thermal, and wet laid) or refer to Test Method D5732. To determine the stiffness of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes), refer to Test Method F3260.  
Note 1: The formula to calculate flexural rigidity in D5732-95 (2001) is incorrect and should not be used. Utilize the formula presented in 11.5 of Test Method D1388.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers...

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ASTM
ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D737-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4850-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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