ASTM D5891/D5891M-19

Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or ground water through the liner.  
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and affect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay mineral at 100-psi (kPa) pressure as a measure of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL). This test method is not applicable for clays with polymers.  
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.  
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used for testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2019
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5891/D5891M-02(2016)e1 - Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5889/D5889M-18(2022) - Standard Practice for Quality Control of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D6495/D6495M-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Acceptance Testing Requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5891/D5891M − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5891/D5891M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
mineralat100-psi(kPa)pressureasameasureofitsusefulness
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
forpermeabilityorhydraulicconductivityreductioningeosyn-
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
thetic clay liners (GCL). This test method is not applicable for
Granular Pesticides
clays with polymers.
4
2.2 API Standard:
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum
API RP 131 Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testing
Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
of Drilling Fluids
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular
3. Terminology
clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200
method, refer toAPI Standards andASTM definitions for GCL
mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used
products.
for testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 4. Significance and Use
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
ground water through the liner.
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandaffectthe
with the standard.
hydraulicconductivityoftheGCLcomposite.Thistestmethod
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
performance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 5. Atmosphere Conditions
2
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Atmospheric Conditions—The atmospheric conditions
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
of the laboratory performing fluid loss of clay mineral compo-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- nent of geosynthetic clay liners shall be: relative humidity
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6 2 °C [70 6
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4 °F].
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
6. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.1 Laboratory Balance, 100-g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
and precision.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
3
thetic Clay Liners. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D5891/D5891M – 02 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
ɛ1
(2016) . DOI: 10.1520/D5891_D5891M-19. the ASTM website.
2 4
When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing, it may include Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
adhesives that can influence test results. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5891/D5891M − 19
6.2 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish. Pressure can be applied with any nonhazardous fluid medium,
either gas or liquid. Presses are equipped with pressure
6.3 Graduated Cylinder, 500 6 5-mL graduated TD (to
regula
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5891/D5891M − 02 (Reapproved 2016) D5891/D5891M − 19
Standard Test Method for
1
Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5891/D5891M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual, units statement in 1.4 and units, where applicable, were corrected editorially
in January 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film deposited
on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay mineral at 100-psi (-kPa)(kPa) pressure as a measure of its usefulness for
permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL). This test method is not applicable for clays
with polymers.
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S.
Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used for testing.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
2
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and Granular Pesticides
4
2.2 API Standards:Standard:
API RP 131,131 Recommended Practice for Laboratory Testing of Drilling Fluids
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to API Standards and ASTM definitions for GCL
products.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or ground water
through the liner.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2019. Published January 2016August 2019. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
ɛ1
D5891D5891/D5891M – 02(2009). 02 (2016) . DOI: 10.1520/D5891_D5891M-02R16E01.10.1520/D5891_D5891M-19.
2
When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing, it may include adhesives that can influence test results.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5891/D5891M − 19
4.2 Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effectaffect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test
method evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
5. Atmosphere Conditions
5.1 Atmospheric Conditions—The atmospheric conditions of the laboratory performing fluid loss of clay mineral co
...