ASTM D279-02(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
Standard Test Methods for Bleeding of Pigments
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a white coating and observing for the color migration from the base coat containing the pigment.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D279 − 02 (Reapproved 2007)
StandardTest Methods for
Bleeding of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope uncoated portion of the panel. The dried overstripe coating is
examined for color migration from the base coat.
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining
the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent
4. Significance and Use
extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a
4.1 Test MethodAdetermines the amount of color produced
white coating and observing for the color migration from the
when the pigment is in direct contact with a selected solvent
base coat containing the pigment.
such as toluene. It is useful as a rapid, easily conducted test of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the general bleeding characteristics of pigments.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.2 Test Method B determines the amount of color migra-
only.
tion into a white film applied over a base coat containing the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pigment. It may give a more practical evaluation of whether a
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
pigment will meet specific requirements for bleed resistance.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Both Test Method A and Test Method B measure the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
extent of bleed.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TEST METHOD A, DIRECT SOLVENT CONTACT
2. Referenced Documents
WITH PIGMENT
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Procedure
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
5.1 Place 0.50 g of pigment (Note 1) in a test tube or vial
Coordinates
and add 20-mL of reagent grade toluene (Note 2). Close with
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
a stopper, shake well for 10 s, and let stand 15 min. Repeat the
ence With a Gray Scale (Withdrawn 2012)
10-s shake and let stand 45 min.
NOTE 1—Additional amounts of pigment may be used by prior
3. Summary of Test Methods
agreement for denser inorganic pigments. A maximum of 1.5 g is
recommended for even the dense lead chromate pigments.
3.1 Test Method A—The pigment is shaken with toluene,
NOTE2—Othersolventsmaybeused,bymutualagreementbetweenthe
filtered, and the filtrate observed for color.
partiesinvolved,inplaceoftolueneinaspecificpigmentbleedevaluation.
3.2 Test Method B—A coating using the pigment under test
5.2 Filter through a glass funnel using double filter paper
is prepared and applied to one half of a panel.Awhite finish is
that has first been wet with toluene and collect approximately
applied over the dried colored coating and extended to the
10 mL of filtrate in a 23 mm outer diameter flat bottom vial. If
the filtrate is cloudy, refilter to get a clear filtrate.
NOTE 3—In the case of colloidal particles, it may be necessary to
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
centrifuge the filtrate.
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
5.3 Hold the vial containing the filtrate above a white
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
background and look down through the filtrate for coloration
approved in 1928. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D279 – 02. DOI:
caused by pigment bleed. De
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D279–87(Reapproved1997) Designation: D 279 – 02 (Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Methods for
Bleeding of Pigments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the bleeding characteristics of dry pigments by direct solvent
extraction of the pigment and by overstriping a film with a white coating and observing for the color migration from the base coat
containing the pigment.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Methods Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
3. Summary of Test Methods
3.1 Test Method A—The pigment is shaken with toluene, filtered, and the filtrate observed for color.
2.2
3.2 Test Method B—A coating using the pigment under test is prepared and applied to one half of a panel. A white finish is
applied over the dried colored coating and extended to the uncoated portion of the panel. The dried overstripe coating is examined
for color migration from the base coat.
3.
4. Significance and Use
3.1Test4.1 TestMethodAdeterminestheamountofcolorproducedwhenthepigmentisindirectcontactwithaselectedsolvent
such as toluene. It is useful as a rapid, easily conducted test of the general bleeding characteristics of pigments.
3.2Test4.2 Test Method B determines the amount of color migration into a white film applied over a base coat containing the
pigment. It may give a more practical evaluation of whether a pigment will meet specific requirements for bleed resistance.
3.3Both4.3 Both Test Method A and Test Method B measure the extent of bleed.
TEST METHOD A, DIRECT SOLVENT CONTACT WITH PIGMENT
4.
5. Procedure
4.1Place5.1 Place 0.50 g of pigment (Note 1) in a 25-mL test tube or vial and add 20-mL of reagent grade toluene (Note 2).
Close with a stopper, shake well for 10 s, and let stand 15 min. Repeat the 10-s shake and let stand 45 min.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-1D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.31 on Pigment Specifications.
Current edition approved May 29, 1987.Nov. 1, 2007. Published July 1987.November 2007. Originally published as D279–28T.approved in 1928. Last previous edition
D279–73(1979). approved in 2002 as D 279 – 02.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D 279 – 02 (2007)
NOTE 1—Additional amounts of pigment may be used by prior agreement for denser inorganic pigments. A maximum of 1.5 g is recommended for
even the dense lead chromate pigments.
NOTE 2—Other solvents may be used, by mutual agreement between the parties involved, in place of toluene in a specific pigment bleed evaluation.
45.2 Filter through a glass funnel using double filter paper that has first been wet with toluene and collect approximately 10 mL
of filtrate in a 23 mm outer diameter flat bottom vial. If the filtrate is cloudy, refilter to get a clear filtrate.
NOTE 3—In the case of colloidal particles, it may be necessary to centrifuge the filtrate.
4.35.3 Hold the test tube vial containing the filtrate above a white background and look down through the filtrate for coloration
caused by pigment bleed. Describe the
...
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