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ASTM D7662-15(2020)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils

Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Measuring the total carbon content of feedstock oil is often a necessary component in calculations for carbon dioxide emissions, estimating yield of a process, or assessing product quality.  
4.2 The carbon black industry measures carbon content of feedstock oils along with carbon content of carbon black products per Test Method D7633 for Carbon Black-Carbon Content in calculations to determine carbon dioxide emissions for compliance with governmental greenhouse-gas-reporting requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental determination of carbon content in samples of carbon black feedstock oils. Values obtained represent the total carbon content.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to carbon black feedstock oils derived from petroleum, coal, and other sources which include fuel oils, residues, tars, pitches, reclaimed oils, and similar materials that are normally handled as liquids. This test method is applicable to products that typically contain 75 to 94 mass % carbon.  
1.3 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass % carbon.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D24 - Carbon Black
Drafting Committee
D24.66 - Environment, Health, and Safety
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D7633-13 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Carbon Content
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Refers
ASTM D4057-06(2011) - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2011
Refers
ASTM D7633-10b - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black(em dash)Carbon Content
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D7633-10a - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<char: emdash>CARBON CONTENT
Effective Date
15-Oct-2010
Refers
ASTM D7633-10 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<char: emdash>CARBON CONTENT
Effective Date
15-May-2010
Refers
ASTM D4057-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Effective Date
10-Apr-2000

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ASTM D7662-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock OilsASTM D7662-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils
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ASTM D7662-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7662 − 15 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Carbon Content in Carbon Black Feedstock Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7662; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental determination
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
of carbon content in samples of carbon black feedstock oils.
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
Values obtained represent the total carbon content.
Industries
1.2 This test method is applicable to carbon black feedstock
D7633 Test Method for Carbon Black—Carbon Content
oils derived from petroleum, coal, and other sources which
include fuel oils, residues, tars, pitches, reclaimed oils, and
3. Summary of Test Method
similar materials that are normally handled as liquids. This test
3.1 In this test method, a sample of feedstock oil is weighed
method is applicable to products that typically contain 75 to 94
in a combustion boat containing a tungsten oxide based
mass % carbon.
accelerator and the carbon content is determined by placing the
1.3 The results of these tests can be expressed as mass %
boat in a tube furnace at 1350°C in an air- or oxygen-enriched
carbon.
atmosphere resulting in complete combustion. Carbon in the
sample is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide. Moisture and
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
particulates are removed from the gas stream by traps filled
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
with anhydrous magnesium perchlorate.The gas stream is then
standard.
passed through a cell in which carbon dioxide concentration is
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
measured by an infrared (IR) absorption detector at a precise
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wavelength in the IR spectrum.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 This test method is for use with commercially available
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
carbon analyzers equipped to carry out the combustion and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measurement operations automatically.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.3 The carbon analyzer shall be calibrated using an appro-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
priate calibration standard (see 6.5).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.4 The instrument may be configured to analyze more than
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
one element such as a carbon-sulfur analyzer. In this case, the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
analyzer has individual detectors for each element that are
2. Referenced Documents arranged in series.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
4.1 Measuring the total carbon content of feedstock oil is
Petroleum Products
often a necessary component in calculations for carbon dioxide
1 emissions, estimating yield of a process, or assessing product
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
quality.
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.66 on Environment,
Health, and Safety.
4.2 The carbon black industry measures carbon content of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
feedstock oils along with carbon content of carbon black
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D7662 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D7662-15R20.
products per Test Method D7633 for Carbon Black-Carbon
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Content in calculations to determine carbon dioxide emissions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for compliance with governmental greenhouse-gas-reporting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7662 − 15 (2020)
5. Apparatus 8. Preparation of Apparatus
5.1 Thereareanumberofcommercialinstrumentsavailable 8.1 Assemble the apparatus according to the manufacturer’s
that are designed to measure carbon content in organic mate- instructions.
rials including carbon and carbon-sulfur analyzers. This test
8.2 Stabilize the furnace temperature at 1350 6 15°C.
method makes no specifications regarding system designs.
8.3 Makeaminimumoftwodeterminationstoconditionthe
5.2 Functionally,however,thefollowingarespecifiedforall
equipment or follow the manufacturer’s recommendation to
instruments:
condition equipment before calibrating the instrument.
5.2.1 An analytical balance, or equivalent, that is capable of
9. Calibration
a weighing sensitivity of 0.1 mg or better resolution.
5.2.2 The combustion tube and boat are made of a suitable
9.1 Calibrate the instrument per the manufacturer’s recom-
material such as mullite, porcelain, or zircon.
mendation using appropriate carbon calibration standards.
5.2.3 The sample is absorbed onto tungsten oxide based
9.2 Adjustment of Response of Measurement System—
accelerator to control the sample combustion rate.
Weigh approximately 0.1 g of calibration standard or use the
5.2.4 The sample is combusted at a temperature of 1350°C
recommended mass per manufacturer.Analyze the sample (see
in an air- or oxygen-enriched atmosphere.
Section 10). Repeat this procedure. Adjust the instrument as
5.2.5 The combustion gas is passed through an absorbent
recommended by the manufacturer until the absence of drift is
(anhydrous magnesium perchlorate) to remove water vapor.
indicated. Insure the minimum analysis time is sufficient for
5.2.6 The detection system measures carbon dioxide using
complete combustion of the sample.
an IR absorption detector at a wavelength suitable for linear
9.3 Calibration Procedure—Follow the calibration proce-
responses with respect to the concentration over the full range
dure recommended by the manufacturer. Confirm the calibra-
of possible concentrations.
tion by analyzing a reference material of known carbon
6. Reagents
concentration. Reference standards should be similar to feed-
stock oils with carbon content in the range of approximately 75
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent-grade chemicals shall be
to 94 %.The measured value should be within allowable limits
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
of the known value. If not, repeat the procedure. If acceptable
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
resultsarenotobtained,refertothemanufacturer’sinstructions
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
for calibration.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
10. Procedure
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
10.1 Stabilize and verify calibration of the analyzer (see 8.1
accuracy of the determination.
– 8.3 and 9.1 – 9.3).
6.2 Magnesium Perchlorate.
10.2 Confirm the furnace temperature is 1350 6 15°C.
6.3 Oxygen, high purity, 99.9 %.
10.3 Weigh
...

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5.1 The carbon residue value of burner fuel serves as a rough approximation of the tendency of the fuel to form deposits in vaporizing pot-type and sleeve-type burners. Similarly, provided alkyl nitrates are absent (or if present, provided the test is performed on the base fuel without additive) the carbon residue of diesel fuel correlates approximately with combustion chamber deposits.  
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4.1 Identification of a recovered oil is determined by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the particular recovered oil, for example, suspected or questioned sources. Thus, samples of such known oils must be collected and submitted along with the unknown for analysis. It is unlikely that identification of the sources of an unknown oil by itself can be made without direct matching, that is, solely with a library of analyses.
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5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
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Note 2: Since some users may wish to report their results in a format similar to Test Method D97/IP 15 (in 3 °C intervals), the precision data were derived for the 3 °C intervals. For statements on bias relative to Test Method D97/IP 15, see 13.3.1.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of pour point of petroleum products by an automatic apparatus that applies a slightly positive air pressure onto the specimen surface while the specimen is being cooled.  
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1.4 This test method is not intended for use with crude oils.
Note 1: The applicability of this test method on residual fuel samples has not been verified. For further information on the applicability, refer to 13.4.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D6708-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice can be used to determine if a constant, proportional, or linear bias correction can improve the degree of agreement between two methods that purport to measure the same property of a material.  
5.2 The bias correction developed in this practice can be applied to a single result (X) obtained from one test method (method X) to obtain a predicted result ( Y^) for the other test method (method Y).
Note 5: Users are cautioned to ensure that  Y^ is within the scope of method Y before its use.  
5.3 The between methods reproducibility established by this practice can be used to construct an interval around  Y^ that would contain the result of test method Y, if it were conducted, with approximately 95 % probability.  
5.4 This practice can be used to guide commercial agreements and product disposition decisions involving test methods that have been evaluated relative to each other in accordance with this practice.  
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Note 6: It should be noted that the determination of this minimum bias of no practical concern is not a statistical decision, but rather, a subjective decision that is directly dependent on the application requirements of the users.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two different standard test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for the purpose of deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement. It is intended for use with results obtained from interlaboratory studies meeting the requirement of Practice D6300 or equivalent (for example, ISO 4259). The interlaboratory studies shall be conducted on at least ten materials in common that among them span the intersecting scopes of the test methods, and results shall be obtained from at least six laboratories using each method. Requirements in this practice shall be met in order for the assessment to be considered suitable for publication in either method, if such publication includes claim to have been carried out in compliance with this practice. Any such publication shall include mandatory information regarding certain details of the assessment outcome as specified in the Report section of this practice.  
1.2 The statistical methodology is based on the premise that a bias correction will not be needed. In the absence of strong statistical evidence that a bias correction would result in better agreement between the two methods, a bias correction is not made. If a bias correction is required, then the parsimony principle is followed whereby a simple correction is to be favored over a more complex one.
Note 1: Failure to adhere to the parsimony principle generally results in models that are over-fitted and do not perform well in practice.  
1.3 The bias corrections of this practice are limited to a constant correction, proportional correction, or a linear (proportional + constant) correction.  
1.4 The bias-correction methods of this practice are method symmetric, in the sense that equivalent corrections are obtained regardless of which method is bias-corrected to match the othe...

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ASTM
ASTM D6300-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.  
5.2 Repeatability and reproducibility are defined in the precision section of every Committee D02 test method. Determinability is defined above in Section 3. The relationship among the three measures of precision can be tabulated in terms of their different sources of variation (see Table 1).  
5.2.1 When used, determinability is a mandatory part of the Procedure section. It will allow operators to check their technique for the sequence of operations specified. It also ensures that a result based on the set of determined values is not subject to excessive variability from that source.  
5.3 A bias statement furnishes guidelines on the relationship between a set of test results and a related set of accepted reference values. When the bias of a test method is known, a compensating adjustment can be incorporated in the test method.  
5.4 This practice is intended for use by D02 subcommittees in determining precision estimates and bias statements to be used in D02 test methods. Its procedures correspond with ISO 4259 and are the basis for the Committee D02 computer software, Calculation of Precision Data: Petroleum Test Methods. The use of this practice replaces that of Re...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the necessary preparations and planning for the conduct of interlaboratory programs for the development of estimates of precision (determinability, repeatability, and reproducibility) and of bias (absolute and relative), and further presents the standard phraseology for incorporating such information into standard test methods.  
1.2 This practice is generally limited to homogeneous petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants with which serious sampling problems (such as heterogeneity or instability) do not normally arise.  
1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4175-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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