ASTM D870-15
(Practice)Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
Standard Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Immersion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Immersion in water can cause the degradation of coatings. Knowledge on how a coating resists water immersion is helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in a water immersion test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating systems.
4.2 Water immersion tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests typically result in a pass or fail determination, but the degree of failure may also be measured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.
4.3 Results obtained from water immersion tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as being equivalent to a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has been established for the coating or coating system.
4.4 Corrosion tests of a scribed coating on a ferrous substrate are impractical in water immersion tests as the corrosion products tend to contaminate the water bath. Continuous overflow of the test tank is sometimes required to maintain consistent water quality.
4.5 The apparatus for the test is relatively inexpensive and can be as simple as a glass beaker with a stirrer. It is also possible to use very large tanks for testing coated pipe or other large coated products.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the partial or complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures. Although the apparatus and procedure could be employed in immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water, this practice is limited to tests in water alone.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water immersion tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
Note 1: Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D1735, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D870 − 15
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water
1
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
partial or complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures.
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
Although the apparatus and procedure could be employed in
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water,
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
this practice is limited to tests in water alone.
Using Water Fog Apparatus
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining,
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in
measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of
100 % Relative Humidity
water immersion tests. It does not specify specimen
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
ence With a Gray Scale
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of
coatings include Practices D1735, D2247, and D4585.
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Portable Adhesion Testers
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
only.
Using Controlled Condensation
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Summary of Practice
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Coated specimens are partially or wholly immersed in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
water in a container that is resistant to corrosion. The exposure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
conditions are varied by selecting: (a) the temperature of the
2. Referenced Documents
water, and (b) the duration of the test. Water permeates the
2
coating at rates that are dependent upon the characteristics of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the coating and upon the temperature of the water.Any effects
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
such as color change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
embrittlement are observed and reported.
Related Coating Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted
4. Significance and Use
Steel Surfaces
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of 4.1 Immersion in water can cause the degradation of coat-
Paints
ings. Knowledge on how a coating resists water immersion is
helpful in predicting its service life. Failure in a water
immersiontestmaybecausedbyanumberoffactorsincluding
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
a deficiency in the coating itself, contamination of the
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The test is there-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
fore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coating
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D870 – 09. DOI:
systems.
10.1520/D0870-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Water immersion tests are used for research and devel-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
opment of coatings and substrate treatments, specification
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. acceptance, and quality control in manufacturing. These tests
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D870 − 15
typicallyresu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D870 − 09 D870 − 15
Standard Practice for
Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water
1
Immersion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings by the partial or
complete immersion of coated specimens in distilled or de-mineralized water at ambient or elevated temperatures. Although the
apparatus and procedure could be employed in immersion tests using solutions of various materials in water, this practice is limited
to tests in water alone.
1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water
immersion tests. It does not specify specimen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.
NOTE 1—Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D1735, D2247, and D4585.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating
Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water Fog Apparatus
D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative Humidity
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
D3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil Test
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Condensation
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Coated specimens are partially or wholly immersed in water in a container that is resistant to corrosion. The exposure
conditions are varied by selecting: (a) the temperature of the water, and (b) the duration of the test. Water permeates the coating
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009Feb. 1, 2015. Published August 2009March 2015. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 as
D870 – 02.D870 – 09. DOI: 10.1520/D0870-09.10.1520/D0870-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D870 − 15
at rates that are dependent upon the characteristics of the coating and upon the temperature of the water. Any effects such as color
change, blistering, loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and reported.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Immersion in water can cause the degradation of coatings. Knowledge on how a coating resists water immersion is helpful
in predicting its service life. Failure in a water immersion test may be caused by a number of factors including a deficiency in the
coa
...
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