ASTM D2617-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
Standard Test Method for Total Ash in Leather
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the leather may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method D2807.)
4.2 The temperature of 600 °C specified is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al2O3) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in leather.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D2617 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Ash in Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other
elements in the leather may be determined by subtracting the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in
chromicoxidethatmaybeconvenientlydeterminedontheash.
leather.
(See Test Method D2807.)
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 The temperature of 600 °C specified is high enough to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
produce a reproducible result but it does not completely
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al O ) and chro-
2 3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mic oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 3
phosphates may be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkalis and
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
may occur. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclu-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Crucible, 30 to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porce-
2. Referenced Documents lain.
2
5.1.1 Suitable Glassware or Crucible, able to withstand
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperatures up to 625 °C and the acids required for Test
D2807 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchlo-
Method D2807 may be used.
ric Acid Oxidation)
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and 5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and
Chemical Tests
pyrometer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 600 6
25°C.
3. Summary of Test Method
6. Test Specimen
3.1 The sample is ignited in air at 600 6 25 °C until
constant mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is 6.1 Thespecimenshallconsistof1to5gofleatherfromthe
termed “ash” and is calculated as a percentage of the original composite sample prepared in accordance with Practice
sample. D2813.
NOTE 1—In some leathers, silicones or other organometallic complexes
4. Significance and Use
that are solvent, soluble, and ash producing are used. It may be desirable
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the approxi- to obtain ash on an extracted sample, and if so, it should be indicated on
the report.
mate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This
may be in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a
7. Procedure
7.1 Weigh accurately (to 1 mg) into a tared crucible 1 to 5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
g of leather, prepared as described in 6.1, and preferably at
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on ChemicalAnalysis.This
sufficiently close equilibrium with the laboratory humidity that
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists
Assn. (Standard Method B15 – 1969).
it does not gain or lose mass at a significant rate. Place the
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
crucible and sample in the muffle furnace and maintain at
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2617 – 12. DOI:
600 6 25°Cforaperiodof4h 65min.(Note2).Removethe
10.1520/D2617-17.
2
crucible from the furnace, cool in a desiccator, and weigh
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(Note 3). Record the mass.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. NOTE 2—The above procedure is satisfactory with most leathers. With
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2617 − 17
heavily oiled or stuffed leather, start with a cold muffle and raise
8.3 The ash may be determined on a sample conditioned as
temperature gradually to 600 °C, or burn off the oil carefully over a gas
to temperature and relative humidity. In this case,
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2617 − 12 D2617 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Total Ash in Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total ash in leather.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2807 Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Leather (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)
D2813 Practice for Sampling Leather for Physical and Chemical Tests
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample is ignited in air at 600 6 25°C 25 °C until constant mass is attained. The weighed residual matter is termed
“ash” and is calculated as a percentage of the original sample.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the approximate amount of nonvolatile inorganic material in leather. This may be
in the form of salts or oxides of the elements. In a mixed chrome tannage, the approximate percentage of other elements in the
leather may be determined by subtracting the chromic oxide that may be conveniently determined on the ash. (See Test Method
D2807.)
4.2 The temperature of 600°C 600 °C specified is high enough to produce a reproducible result but it does not completely
dehydrate such oxides as aluminum oxide, (Al O ) and chromic oxide (Cr O ). Likewise, such salts as sulfates and phosphates may
2 3 2 3
be incompletely dehydrated, and if alkaliesalkalis and chromium are present simultaneously, oxidation to chromate may occur.
Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions based on quantitative relations of the elements.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Crucible, 30 to 50-mL, high-form, platinum or porcelain.
5.1.1 Suitable Glassware or Crucible, able to withstand temperatures up to 625 °C and the acids required for Test Method
D2807 may be used.
5.2 Electric Muffle Furnace, with controller or rheostat and pyrometer, capable of maintaining a temperature of 600 6 25°C.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The specimen shall consist of 1 to 5 g of leather from the composite sample prepared in accordance with anPractice
D2813accepted procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.06 on Chemical Analysis. This test
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method B15 – 1969).
Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 1, 2017. Published April 2012May 2017. Originally approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D2617 – 06.D2617 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D2617-12.10.1520/D2617-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2617 − 17
NOTE 1—In some leathers, silicones or other organometallic complexes that are solvent, soluble, and ash producing are used. It may be desirable to
obtain ash on an extracted sample, and if so, it should be indicated on the report.
7. Procedure
7.1 Weigh accurately (to 1 mg) into a tared crucible 1 to 5 g of leather, prepared as described in 6.1, and preferably at sufficiently
close equilibrium with the laboratory humidity that it does not gain or lose mass at a significant rate. Place the crucible and sample
in the muffle furnace and maintain at 600 6 25°C 600 6 25 °C for a period of 4 h 6 5 min. (Note 2). Rem
...
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