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ASTM D4625-21

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)

Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Fuel oxidation and other degradative reactions leading to formation of sediment (and color) are mildly accelerated by the test conditions compared with typical storage conditions. Test results have been shown to predict storage stability more reliably than other more accelerated tests. See Appendix X1 for information on the correlation of test results with actual field storage.  
5.2 Because the storage periods are long (4 weeks to 24 weeks), the test method is not suitable for quality control testing, but does provide a tool for research on storage properties of fuels.  
5.3 Because environmental effects and the materials and nature of tank construction affect storage stability, the results obtained by this test are not necessarily the same as those obtained during storage in a specific field storage situation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above 38 °C (100 °F), by Test Methods D93, and 90 % distilled points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86.  
Note 1: ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975, Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.  
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.  
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625 results with sediment formation in actual field storage.  
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2021
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Aug-2020

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ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4625 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
above38 °C(100 °F),byTestMethodsD93,and90 %distilled
points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86. D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975,
ration
Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
storage time relative to that required at ambient storage
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
temperatures.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about
Petroleum Products
storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
results with sediment formation in actual field storage.
Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the
Petroleum Products
standard.
1.4.1 Exception—Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinforma-
3. Terminology
tion only.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to Terminology D4175.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1 adherent insolubles, n—gums formed during storage
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that remain tightly attached to the walls of the vessel after fuel
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
has been flushed from the container.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2 filterable insolubles, n—solids formed during storage
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
that can be removed from the fuel by filtration.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.2.3 inherent storage stability, n—of middle distillate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. fuel—the resistance of the fuel to change during storage in
contact with air, but in the absence of other environmental
factors such as water, or reactive metals and dirt.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ɛ1
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4625 – 16 . DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4625-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4625 − 21
or cover, preferably with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
insert and a hole for a borosilicate glass vent.
6.2 Storage Oven, large enough to contain all of the sample
bottles. The oven shall be thermostatically controlled to main-
tain a temperature of 43 °C 61°C(110°F 6 2 °F). It shall be
as dark as possible to prevent degradation due to
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D4625 − 16 D4625 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—The IP designation was removed and footnote 1 was revised editorially in February 2018.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above 38 °C
(100 °F), by Test Methods D93, and 90 % distilled points below 340 °C (644 °F), by Test Method D86.
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D975, Grades
1-D and 2-D; and Specification D2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time
relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D4625 results with
sediment formation in actual field storage.
1.4 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2021. Published January 2017November 2021. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20142016
ɛ1
as D4625 – 14.D4625 – 16 . DOI: 10.1520/D4625-16E01.10.1520/D4625-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4625 − 21
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adherent insolubles, n—gums formed during storage that remain tightly attached to the walls of the vessel after fuel has been
flushed from the container.
3.2.2 filterable insolubles, n—solids formed during storage that can be removed from the fuel by filtration.
3.2.3 inherent storage stability, n—of middle distillate fuel—the resistance of the fuel to change during storage in contact with air,
but in the absence of other environmental factors such as water, or reactive metals and dirt.
3.2.4 total insolubles, n—the arithmetic sum
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5443-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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