ASTM F2232-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High Heels from Footwear
Standard Test Method for Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High Heels from Footwear
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring the wearer's safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe.
This test should be performed on each new style shoe and when any changes are made in the design, material or method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear through the application of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm (13/16 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most women's medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F2232 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High
1
Heels from Footwear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force
3.1.1 forefoot—the portion of the shoe extending forward
required to detach the heel from footwear through the appli-
from the break of the joint to the toe, also called forepart.
cation of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement
rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common
3.1.2 heel attachment strength—the force in pounds mea-
13
heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm ( ⁄16 in.) or larger is
sured under the testing conditions of Test Method F2232
needed to perform this test method properly. Most women’s
required to detach the heel from the sole/insole assembly.
medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.
3.1.3 heel breast—the front face of the shoe heel.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.4 heel height—the vertical distance from the top back
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
edge of the heel to the plane of the tread (wear) surface of the
only.
heel.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.5 insole—the part of the shoe that is a structural anchor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
to which the upper and heel are fastened during manufacture.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
It may or may not be covered on the foot side by material
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
referred to as a socklining.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.6 outsole—the bottom (sole) of the shoe: including the
surface which is exposed to wear.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 seatboard—a reinforcement (if used) of the insole
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
where the heel is attached.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
3.1.8 shank—areinforcementinthearch(instep)oftheshoe
Determine Conformance with Specifications
between the insole and outsole made from steel, wood,
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
fiberboard or plastic (individually or in combination).
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
3.1.9 shankboard—the back part of the insole which is
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
fabricated from a firm fiberboard. It is contoured to the arch of
Lot or Process
the foot for support.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3.1.10 top piece (toplift)—the bottom layer of a heel (wear
2.2 European Standard:
surface) usually made of leather, rubber, plastic, steel, or
EN 12785 Footwear, Test Method for Whole Shoes—Heel
3
elastomers.
Attachment
3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear, refer
4
to the Footwear Products Glossary.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 on
4. Significance and Use
Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.
4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe,
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved
theheel-attachingstrengthisasignificantfactorinensuringthe
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F2232 – 03. DOI: 10.1520/
F2232-09.
wearer’s safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the shoe.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Orders for all BSI, International and foreign standards publications should be Available from American Apparel & Footwear Assoc. (AAFA), 1601 N. Kent
addressed to Customer Service. St., Suite 1200, Arlington, VA 22209.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2232 − 09
FIG. 1 Location of Pivot Axis on Heel
4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe
and when any changes are made in the design, material or
method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the
attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tensile Testing Machine, with traverse rate of 100
mm/min (4 in./min) and autographic recorder.
5.1.1 Upper and L
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2232–03 Designation:F2232–09
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach High
1
Heels from Footwear
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear through the application
of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failure
13
mode. Heel height of 20 mm ( ⁄16 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most women’s medium and high
heeled footwear meets this requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling ofOf Materials
E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With a Specified Tolerable Error, Precision, the Average for a
Characteristic of a Lot or Process
E 456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
2.2 European Standard:
3
EN 12785 Footwear, Test Method for Whole Shoes—Heel Attachment
2.3 ANSI Standard:
ANSI Z41-1999 American National Standard for Personal Protection—Protective Footwear
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 forefoot—the portion of the shoe extending forward from the break of the joint to the toe, also called forepart.
3.1.2 heel attachment strength—the force in pounds measured under the testing conditions of Test Method F 2232 required to
detach the heel from the sole/insole assembly.
3.1.3 heel breast—the front face of the shoe heel.
3.1.4 heel height—the vertical distance from the top back edge of the heel to the plane of the tread (wear) surface of the heel.
3.1.5 insole—thepartoftheshoethatisastructuralanchortowhichtheupperandheelarefastenedduringmanufacture.Itmay
or may not be covered on the foot side by material referred to as a socklining.
3.1.6 outsole—the bottom (sole) of the shoe: including the surface which is exposed to wear.
3.1.7 seatboard—a reinforcement (if used) of the insole where the heel is attached.
3.1.8 shank—a reinforcement in the arch (instep) of the shoe between the insole and outsole made from steel, wood, fiberboard
or plastic (individually or in combination).
3.1.9 shankboard—the back part of the insole which is fabricated from a firm fiberboard. It is contoured to the arch of the foot
for support.
3.1.10 top piece (toplift)—the bottom layer of a heel (wear surface) usually made of leather, rubber, plastic, steel, or elastomers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F13 on Pedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F13.30
on Footwear.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published March 2003.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 2232 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Orders for all BSI, International and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Service.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2232–09
4
3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear, refer to the Footwear Products Glossary.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring the
wearer’s safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe.
4.2 This test should be performed on each new
...
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