ASTM D5854-96(2005)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties used to establish standard volumes, prices, and compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications. The treatment of samples from the time of collection until they are analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compositional integrity.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures that are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is delivered from the primary sample container/receiver into the analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.
1.2 covers acceptance test criteria for power mixer and sample container combinations, while and detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. is a guide for selecting sample containers.
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D 4057 (API MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D 4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2). Practice D 5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) covers sampling and handling of light fuels for volatility measurement.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D5854–96 (Reapproved 2005)
Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.3
Standard Practice for
Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5854; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D4928 Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulom-
etric Karl Fischer Titration
1.1 This practice covers the handling, mixing, and condi-
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
tioning procedures that are required to ensure that a represen-
Volatility Measurement
tative sample of the liquid petroleum or petroleum product is
2.2 API Documents:
delivered from the primary sample container/receiver into the
MPMS Chapter 8.1 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petro-
analytical test apparatus or into intermediate containers.
leum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)
1.2 Annex A2 covers acceptance test criteria for power
MPMS Chapter 8.2 Practice for Automatic Sampling of
mixerandsamplecontainercombinations,whileAnnexA3and
Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice
Annex A4 detail acceptance tests for mixing systems. Appen-
D4177)
dix X1 is a guide for selecting sample containers.
MPMS Chapter 8.4 Practice for Sampling and Handling of
1.3 For sampling procedures, refer to Practices D4057 (API
FuelsforVolatilityMeasurement(ASTMPracticeD5842)
MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
MPMS Chapter 10.9 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils
PracticeD5842(API MPMSChapter8.4)coverssamplingand
by Coulometric Karl FischerTitration (ASTMTest Meth-
handling of light fuels for volatility measurement.
ods D4928)
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Recommended Practice 2003, Protection Against Ignitions
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Arising Out of Static, Lighting, and Stray Currents
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Publication 2026, Safe Access/Egress Involving Floating
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Roofs of Storage Tanks in Petroleum Service
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Publication2217, GuidelineforConfinedSpaceWorkinthe
2. Referenced Documents Petroleum Industry
2.3 Department of Transportation:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Section 173
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2.4 Occupational Safety and Health Standards:
Petroleum Products
29 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart Z, “Toxic and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Hazardous Substances,” Part 1910.1000 and following
Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
3. Terminology
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 intermediate container—the vessel into which all or
part of the sample from a primary container/receiver is
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
transferred for transport, storage, or ease of handling.
ProductsandLubricantsandtheAPICommitteeonPetroleumMeasurement,andis
3.1.2 petroleum—denotes petroleum crudes, as well as pe-
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ, the joint ASTM-API
troleum products, normally associated with the petroleum
committee on Static Petroleum Measurement.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
industry.
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5854–96(2000).
DOI: 10.1520/D5854-96R05.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromtheAmericanPetroleumInstitute,1220LSt.,NW,Washington,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DC 20005.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5854–96 (2005)
3.1.3 primary container/receiver—the vessel in which a multipleoutletports.Anothermethodofachievingtheeffectof
sample is initially collected. multipledischargeportsistosplitthedischargestreamcoming
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Examples of primary sample contain- from the mixing pump into two or more separate streams with
ers include glass and plastic bottles, cans, and fixed and each having its own inlet into the sample container.
portable sample receivers.
6.2.10 Containers used with closed loop mixers should be
3.1.4 sampling—all the steps required to obtain a sample
equipped with a pressure/vacuum relief valve set so as not to
that is representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, or other
exceed the design pressure of the container. A pressure gage
vessel, and to place that sample in a container from which a
should also be provided.
representative test specimen can be taken for analysis.
6.2.11 Containers used with closed loop mixers may have
3.1.5 test specimen—the representative sample taken from
multiple suction ports. As a minimum there should be one
the primary or intermediate sample container for analysis.
suction port at the lowest point in the container.
6.3 Container Size:
4. Significance and Use
6.3.1 A general rule is that both primary and intermediate
4.1 Representative samples of petroleum and petroleum
containers should be large enough to hold the required sample
products are required for the determination of chemical and
size within 80% of the total capacity to facilitate mixing and
physical properties used to establish standard volumes, prices,
to provide for thermal expansion.
andcompliancewithcommercialandregulatoryspecifications.
6.3.2 The size of primary containers is determined from the
Thetreatmentofsamplesfromthetimeofcollectionuntilthey
sampling operation as described in Practices D4057 (API
are analyzed requires care and effort to maintain their compo-
MPMS Chapter 8.1) and D4177 (API MPMS Chapter 8.2).
sitional integrity.
6.3.3 The size of intermediate containers should be as large
5. Safety and Health Precautions
as practical to minimize surface tension effects with due
5.1 In view of the potential health and safety hazards consideration given to storage space requirements, shipping
associatedwiththehandlingandmixingofpetroleumsamples, rules and regulations, costs, availability, and other practical
only qualified personnel should be involved. considerations.
5.2 All sample handling and mixing equipment should be
6.4 Container Material:
approved by the parties involved. All equipment should be
6.4.1 Sample containers are normally made of glass, metal,
installed, operated, and maintained in a manner to minimize
or plastic. Exercise care in the selection of container material
potential health and safety hazards.
as it could affect the test results obtained from the sample.
Containers acceptable for samples to be tested immediately
6. Sample Containers
may not be acceptable for storage of sample.
6.1 No single container type will meet requirements of all
6.4.2 Glasscontainersaresuitableformanysampletestand
petroleum sampling operations. The following are general
storage requirements. Clear glass bottles may be examined
design and construction considerations for sample containers.
visually for cleanliness and allow for visual inspection of the
6.2 Container Configuration:
sample for free water or solid impurities. Some petroleum
6.2.1 Containers should drain continuously toward the out-
samples are affected by exposure to sunlight if clear glass is
let to ensure complete liquid withdrawal.
used. In these cases, brown glass bottles may afford the
6.2.2 Cylindrical containers are better suited for samples
necessary protection.
that are to be tested for free water or sediment and water.
6.4.3 Cans coated with tin must have seams that have been
6.2.3 Containers should not have internal pockets or dead
solderedontheexteriorsurfaceswithafluxofrosincleanedin
spots.
a suitable solvent. Such a flux is easily removed with gasoline,
6.2.4 Internal surfaces of containers should minimize cor-
whereas many others are very difficult to remove. Minute
rosion, incrustation, water, and sediment clingage.
traces of flux may contaminate the sample so that results
6.2.5 Container configuration should allow for the transfer
obtained on tests such as dielectric strength, oxidation resis-
of samples from one container to another or to the analytical
tance, and sludge formation may be erroneous. Exercise care
apparatus while maintaining the integrity of the sample’s
also to ensure that samples containing free or entrained water
composition.
are not corrosive to the metal. Internally epoxy-lined tin cans
6.2.6 Containers should have an inspection cover/closure/
may have residual contamination and precaution should be
cap of sufficient size to facilitate filling, inspection, and
taken to ensure its removal.
cleaning. A means of installing security seals should be
6.4.4 Cans made of stainless steel with welded seams are
provided.
suitableformanysamplingoperations.Otherthanensuringthe
6.2.7 Containers should allow for the preparation of a
cleanliness, use of these containers presents no unusual con-
homogeneous mixture of the sample while preventing the loss
cerns.
of any constituents which affect the representativeness of the
sample and the accuracy of the analytical tests. 6.4.5 Plasticbottlesmustbeofamaterialthatisimpervious
6.2.8 Containers should be made so as to avoid contamina- to attack from the sample. This is especially a consideration
tion from external water or other foreign material. when using plastic for long term storage of certain petroleum
6.2.9 Containers used with closed loop mixers may be products. Clear plastic bottles are unsuitable for samples
equipped with a discharge line inside the container which has sensitive to light.
D5854–96 (2005)
6.4.6 When sampling aviation fuels, Practice D4306 should outlined above for cans and bottles. The cleanliness and
be consulted for guidance on container selection.This practice integrity of all sample containers/receivers must be verified
prior to use.
gives information on the types of containers that have been
6.7.3 When sampling aviation fuel, Practice D4306 should
found satisfactory for tests to determine water separation,
be consulted for recommended cleaning procedures for con-
copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,
tainers that are to be used in tests for determination of water
lubricity, and trace metal content.
separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal
6.4.7 Appendix X1 is a guide for selecting the material of
stability, lubricity, and trace metal content.
which sample containers may be made. It is impossible to
6.8 Labels:
cover all petroleum sampling container requirements; there-
6.8.1 Each sample container is to have a label attached to it
fore, when questions arise as to a container’s suitability for a
which meets the requirements of the parties involved.
given application, experience and testing should be relied
6.8.2 Fig.1isanexampleofalabelwhichshowsthetypical
upon.
informationneededtoproperlyidentifythesample.Inaddition
6.5 Container Closures:
to this basic information, certain governmental agencies such
6.5.1 For glass bottles, stoppers or screw caps made of a
as DOTand OSHAhave additional labeling requirements with
material that will not deteriorate or contaminate the sample
which personnel involved in the handling and shipping of
may be used. Care must be used when using cork stoppers.
samples must be familiar.
Situations where corks should not be used include liquids 6.9 Shipping Enclosures—Many sample containers require
wherelossoflightendsmayaffectthetest’sresultsandliquids
special shipping enclosures before they can be transported
which are hydroscopic or which have a low water content fromthepointofcollection.Regulationscoveringthetransport
specification. Rubber stoppers should never be used. of samples should be consulted (see the Code of Federal
Regulations, Title 49, Section 173).
6.5.2 Cans and plastic bottles should be closed with screw
6.10 Storage and Disposal:
caps made of the same material as the container. Caps should
6.10.1 Except when being transferred, samples should be
provide a vapor tight seal.
maintained in a closed container in order to prevent loss of
6.5.3 Screw caps for cans used to store or transport samples
light components. Samples should be protected during storage
must be protected by a disk faced with a material that will not
to prevent weathering or degradation from light, heat, or other
deteriorateorcontaminatethesample.Considerationofclosure
potential detrimental conditions.
type is important for samples where vapor loss will affect the
test results.
6.6 Federal Container Requirements—In addition to the
requirements listed above, any sample container that contains
hazardous materials or the residue of hazardous material
offered for shipment or transportation by air, public roadway,
rail, or water, or any combination thereof, must meet the
requirements set forth in applicable regulations such as DOT
regulations in the
Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49,
Section 173.
6.7 Container Cleanliness:
6.7.1 Sample containers must be clean and free from all
substances which might contaminate the material being
sampled(suchaswater,dirt,lint,washingcompounds,naphtha
and other solvents, soldering fluxes, acids, rust, and oil). Prior
to further use, reusable containers such as cans and bottles
shouldberinsedwithasuitablesolvent.Useofsludgesolvents
toremovealltracesofsedimentsandsludgemaybenecessary.
Following the solvent wash, the container should be washed
with a strong soap solution, rinsed thoroughly with tap water,
and given a final rinse using distilled water. Dry the container
either by passing a current of clean warm air through the
container or by placing it in a hot dust-free cabinet at 40°C
(104°F) or higher. When dry, stopper or cap the container
immediately. Normally, it is not necessary to wash new
containers.
6.7.2 Depending on service, receivers used in conjunction
with automatic samplers may need to be washed with solvent
between uses. In most applications, it is not desirable or
practical to wash these receivers using soap and water as FIG. 1 Typical Sample Label
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