ASTM D892-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The tendency of oils to foam can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, high-volume pumping, and splash lubrication. Inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and overflow loss of lubricant can lead to mechanical failure. This test method is used in the evaluation of oils for such operating conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at 24°C and 93.5°C. Means of empirically rating the foaming tendency and the stability of the foam are described.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.1.1.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
British Standard 5092
Designation:D892–10
Designation: 146/2000
Standard Test Method for
1
Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylin-
ders
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foam-
ing characteristics of lubricating oils at 24°C and 93.5°C.
3. Terminology
Means of empirically rating the foaming tendency and the
3.1 Definitions:
stability of the foam are described.
3.1.1 diffuser, n—for gas, a device for dispersing gas into a
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fluid.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method the diffuser may be
only.
made of either metallic or non-metallic materials.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 entrained air (or gas), n—in liquids, a two-phase
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mixture of air (or gas) dispersed in a liquid in which the liquid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is the major component on a volumetric basis.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Entrained air (or gas) may form micro
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
sizebubblesinliquidsthatarenotuniformlydispersedandthat
warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.1.1.
may coalesce to form larger bubbles below or at the surface
2. Referenced Documents which break or form foam.
2
3.1.3 foam, n—in liquids, a collection of bubbles formed in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
oronthesurfaceofaliquidinwhichtheairorgasisthemajor
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
component on a volumetric basis.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.1.4 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
ity)
surfaces that reduces friction or wear between them. D6082
D6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Char-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In this test method, the lubricant is an
acteristics of Lubricating Oils
oil which may or may not contain additives such as foam
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
inhibitors.
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Per-
3.1.5 maximum pore diameter, n—in gas diffusion, the
meability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
diameter of a circular cross-section of a capillary is equivalent
to the largest pore of the diffuser under consideration.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The pore dimension is expressed in
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
micrometres (µm).
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
3.1.6 permeability, n—in gas diffusion, the rate of a sub-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
´1
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D892–06 .
stance that passes through a material (diffuser) under given
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
conditions.
Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.
3.2.1 dynamic bubble, n—the first bubble to pass through
DOI: 10.1520/D0892-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and escape from the diffuser followed by a continuous succes-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sionofbubbleswhentestingforthemaximumporediameterin
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annex A1.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D892–10
FIG. 1 Foaming Test Apparatus
3.2.1.1 Discussion—When a diffuser is immersed in a 5. Significance and Use
liquid, air can be trapped in the pores. It can escape eventually
5.1 The tendency of oils to foam can be a serious problem
or as soon as a pressure is applied to the diffuser.When testing
in systems such as high-speed gearing, high-volume pumping,
for maximum pore diameter (Annex A1) the escape of such
and splash lubrication. In
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
British Standard 5092
´1
Designation:D892–06 Designation:D892–10
Designation: 146/2000
Standard Test Method for
1
Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D892; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
´ NOTE—Corrected wording in X2.1.2 and added research report number to X2.7 editorially in September 2007.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at 24°C and 93.5°C. Means of
empirically rating the foaming tendency and the stability of the foam are described.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 8, and 9.1.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D6082 Test Method for High Temperature Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E128 Test Method for Maximum Pore Diameter and Permeability of Rigid Porous Filters for Laboratory Use
E1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 diffuser, n—for gas, a device for dispersing gas into a fluid.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method the diffuser may be made of either metallic or non-metallic materials.
3.1.2 entrained air (or gas), n—in liquids, a two-phase mixture of air (or gas) dispersed in a liquid in which the volume of the
liquidisthemajorcomponent.—in liquids,atwo-phasemixtureofair(orgas)dispersedinaliquidinwhichtheliquidisthemajor
component on a volumetric basis.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Theair(orgas)isintheformofdiscretebubblesofabout10to1000µmindiameter.Thebubblesarenot
uniformly dispersed. In time they tend to rise to the surface to coalesce to form larger bubbles which break or form foam.
Subsurfacecoalescencecanalsooccur,inwhichcase,thebubblesrisemorerapidly.—Entrainedair(orgas)mayformmicrosize
bubblesinliquidsthatarenotuniformlydispersedandthatmaycoalescetoformlargerbubblesbeloworatthesurfacewhichbreak
or form foam.
3.1.3 foam, n—in liquids, a collection of bubbles formed in the liquid or on (at) its the surface of a liquid in which the air (or
gas)or gas is the major component on a volumetric basis.
3.1.4 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces friction or wear between them. D6082
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Inthistestmethod,thelubricantisanoilwhichmayormaynotcontainadditivessuchasfoaminhibitors.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.06 on
Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approvedAug.Oct. 1, 2006.2010. PublishedAugust 2006.November 2010. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 as
´1
D892–05. D892–06 .
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by
the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures. DOI: 10.1520/D0892-06E01.10.1520/D0892-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D892–10
3.1.5 maximum pore diameter, n—in gas diffusion, the diameter a capillary of circular cross section which is equivalent (with
respect to surface tension effects) to the largest pore of the diffuser under considera
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.