ASTM E1742-00

Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination

SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materials.  
1.2 Applicability -The criteria for the radiographic examination in this practice are applicable to all types of metallic and nonmetallic materials. The requirements expressed in this practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic images and are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for parts and materials.  
1.3  Basis of Application -There are areas in this practice that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
1.3.1 DoD contracts, 2.10.  
1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1.  
1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2.  
1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5.  
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.  
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6.  
1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7.  
1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9.  
1.3.9 Film density, 6.10.  
1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3.  
1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18.4.  
1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2.  
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3.  
1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23.  
1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1.  
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2.  
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8.  
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9.  
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1.  
1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-2000
• ICS: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1742-05 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2005
• Referred By: ASTM F3607-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Maraging Steel via Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E592-20 - Standard Guide to Obtainable ASTM Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity for Film Radiography of Steel Plates <fraction><num>1</num><den>4 </den> </fraction> to 2 in. (6 to 51 mm) Thick with X-Rays and 1 to 6 in. (25 to 152 mm) Thick with <brk/>Cobalt-60
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1734-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1000-16 - Standard Guide for Radioscopy
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2662-15(2022) - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Flat Panel Composites and Sandwich Core Materials Used in Aerospace Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1416-23 - Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1255-16 - Standard Practice for Radioscopy
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1647-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3554-22 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing – Finished Part Properties – Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) via Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion for Transportation Applications
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1475-13(2023) - Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital Radiological Examination Data
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM F3184-16 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E1165-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E543-21 - Standard Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000
• Referred By: ASTM E2033-17 - Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Computed Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2000

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1742–00
Standard Practice for
Radiographic Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1742; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thispractice establishestheminimumrequirementsfor
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materi-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
als.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Applicability—The criteria for the radiographic exami-
nationinthispracticeareapplicabletoalltypesofmetallicand
2. Referenced Documents
nonmetallic materials. The requirements expressed in this
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic
the extent specified herein:
imagesandarenotintendedtoestablishacceptancecriteriafor
2.2 ASTM Standards:
parts and materials.
E543 Practice for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice
Testing
thatmayrequireagreementbetweenthecognizantengineering
E 747 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the
Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators
cognizant engineering organization. These items should be
(IQI) Used for Radiology
addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
E801 Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Ex-
1.3.1 DoD contracts, .
amination of Electronic Devices
1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1.
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Ra-
1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2.
diographic Film Processing
1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5.
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacturer, and Material
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indi-
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6.
cators (IQI) Used for Radiology
1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7.
E1030 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Me-
1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9.
tallic Castings
1.3.9 Film density, 6.10.
E1032 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of
1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3.
Weldments
1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18.4.
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2.
eters
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3.
E1165 Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of
1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23.
Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1.
E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2.
Industrial Radiographic Film
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8.
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9.
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1.
E1390 Guide for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial
1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.
Radiographs
E1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
E1416 Test Method for Radioscopic Examination ofWeld-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
ments
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally
published as E1742–95. Last previous edition E1742–95.
2 3
This practice replaced MIL-STD-453. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1742–00
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems, for 3.2.1 cognizant engineering organization—the company,
Industrial Radiography government agency, or other authority responsible for the
2.3 AWS Document: design, or end use, of the system or component for which
AWS A2.4 Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Test- radiographic examination is required. This, in addition to
ing design personnel, may include personnel from engineering,
2.4 Aerospace Industries Association Document: material and process engineering, stress analysis, NDT, or
NAS 410 Certification & Qualification of Nondestructive quality groups and others, as appropriate.
Test Personnel 3.2.2 component—the part(s) or element of a system, as-
2.5 ASNT Documents: sembled or processed to the extent specified by the drawing,
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- purchase order, or contract.
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 3.2.3 energy—a property of radiation that determines its
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and penetrating ability. In X-ray radiography, energy machine
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel rating is determined by kilovolts (kV), million electronvolts
2.6 NCRP Documents: (MeV).Ingammarayradiography,energyisacharacteristicof
NCRP 51 Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for the source used.
0.1–100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities 3.2.4 like section—a separate section of material that is
NCRP 91 Recommendations on Limits for Exposures to similar in shape and cross section to the component or part
Ionizing Radiation being radiographed, and is made of the same or radiographi-
2.7 ANSI Standards: cally similar material.
ANSI IT 9.1 Imaging Media (Film)—Silver-Gelatin Type 3.2.5 material group—materials that have the same pre-
Specifications for Stability dominant alloying elements and which can be examined using
ANSIPH4.8 Photography(Chemicals)—ResidualThiosul- the same IQI.Alisting of common material groups is given in
phate and Other Chemicals in Films, Plates, and Papers— Practice E1025.
Determination and Measurement 3.2.6 NDT facility—the NDT facility performing the radio-
2.8 Government Standard: graphic examination.
MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica- 3.2.7 radiographic quality level—The ability of a radio-
tion and Certification (Eddy Current, Liquid Penetrant, graphic procedure to demonstrate a certain IQI sensitivity.
Magnetic Particle, Radiographic and Ultrasonic)
4. Significance and Use
2.9 Other Government Documents:
4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for the
NIST Handbook 114 General Safety Standard for Installa-
application and control of the radiographic method. This
tions Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma Ray
practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering
Sources, Energies up to 10 MeV
drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to
NOTE 1—DoD Contracts:Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the
procedure to be used by the NDT facility and, therefore, must
documents that are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the
be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see 6.1). Test
DoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards)
Methods E1030, E1032, and E1416 contain information to
cited in the solicitation.
NOTE 2—Order of Precedence:In the event of conflict between the text
help develop detailed technique/procedure requirements.
of this practice and the references cited herein, the text of this practice
takesprecedence.Nothinginthispractice,however,supersedesapplicable 5. General Practice
laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
5.1 Qualification:
5.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing ex-
3. Terminology
aminationsinaccordancewiththispracticeshallbequalifiedin
3.1 Definitions—Definitionsrelatingtoradiographicexami-
accordance with MIL-STD-410, NAS 410, ANSI/ASNT-CP-
nation,whichappearinTerminologyE1316,shallapplytothe
189,orSNT-TC-1Aandcertifiedbytheemployerorcertifying
terms used in this practice.
agencyasapplicable.Otherequivalentqualificationdocuments
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
may be used when specified in the contract or purchase order.
5.1.2 Agency Evaluation—If specified in the contractual
agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated in
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), P.O. Box 351040, Miami,
accordance with Practice E543. The applicable revision of
FL 33135.
Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual agreement.
Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1050 Eye St. N.W., Wash-
5.2 Laboratory Installations:
ington, DC 20005.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlingate
5.2.1 Safety—The premises and equipment shall present no
Plaza, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
hazardstothesafetyofpersonnelorproperty.NCRP51,NCRP
Available from National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,
91 and NIST Handbook 114 may be used as guides to ensure
NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmount Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814.
that radiographic procedures are performed so that personnel
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
shall not receive a radiation dosage exceeding the maximum
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
permitted by city, state, or national codes.
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
5.2.2 Radiographic Exposure Areas—Radiographic expo-
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
Gaithersburg, MD 20899. sure areas shall be clean and equipped so that acceptable
E1742–00
TABLE 1 Lead Screen Thickness
radiographs may be produced in accordance with the require-
A
ments of this practice. Lead Thickness
KV Range
5.2.3 Darkroom—Darkroom facilities, including equipment Back Screen
Front Screen Maximum, in.
Minimum, in.
and materials, shall be capable of producing uniform radio-
B C
0 to 150 kV 0.000 0.005 (0.127 mm)
graphs free of blemishes or artifacts, which might interfere
150 to 200 kV–Ir 192 0.005 (0.127 mm) 0.005 (0.127 mm)
with interpretation in the area of interest.
200 kV to 2 MV–Co 60 0.005 to 0.010 (0.126 to 0.010 (0.254 mm)
5.2.4 Film Viewing Area—The film viewing room or enclo- 0.254 mm)
2 to 4 MV 0.010 (0.254 mm) 0.010 (0.254 mm)
sure shall be an area with subdued lighting to preclude
4 to 10 MV 0.010 to 0.030 (0.254 to 0.010 (0.254 mm)
objectionablereflectiveglarefromthesurfaceofthefilmunder
0.762 mm)
10 to 25 MV 0.010 to 0.050 (0.254 to 0.010 (0.254 mm)
examination, (see 6.27.4).
1.27 mm)
5.3 Materials:
A
The lead screen thickness listed for the various voltage ranges are recom-
5.3.1 Film—Film selection for production radiographs
mended thicknesses and not required thicknesses. Other thicknesses may be
should be based on radiation source energy level, part used provided the required radiographic quality level, contrast, and density are
achieved.
thickness/configuration, and image quality. Only film systems
B
Prepackaged film without lead screens may be used up to 150 kV. Prepack-
havingcognizantengineeringorganizationapprovalormeeting
aged film with lead screens may be used from 80 to 150 kV. Both types of
prepackaged film may be used at higher energy levels provided the contrast,
the class requirements of Test Method E1815 shall be used.
density, radiographic quality level, and backscatter requirements are achieved.
5.3.1.1 Non-film Recording Media—Otherrecordingmedia, C
No back screen is required provided the back scatter requirements of 6.22 are
such as paper and analog tape, may be used when approved by
met.
the cognizant engineering organization.
5.3.2 Film Processing Solutions—Production radiographs 5.4.3.2 Fluorescent, Fluorometallic, or Other Metallic
shall be processed in solutions capable of consistently produc-
Screens—Fluorescent, fluorometallic, or other metallic screens
ing radiographs that meet the requirements of this practice. may be used provided the specified radiographic quality level,
Solution control shall be in accordance withAnnexA4. Guide
density, and contrast are obtained.
E999 should be consulted for guidance on film processing. 5.4.4 Film Viewers—Viewers used for final interpretation
shall meet the following requirements:
5.4 Equipment:
5.4.4.1 The viewer shall contain a variable control to allow
5.4.1 Radiation Sources.
the selection of optimum intensities for film with varying
5.4.1.1 X-Radiation Sources—Selection of appropriate
densities.
X-ray voltage and current levels is dependent upon variables
5.4.4.2 The light source shall have sufficient intensity to
regarding the specimen being examined (material type and
enable viewing of film densities in the area of interest (see
thickness)andexposuretime.Thesuitabilityoftheseexposure
6.27.6).
parametersshallbedemonstratedbyattainmentoftherequired
5.4.4.3 The light enclosure shall be designed to provide a
radiographic quality level and compliance with all other
uniform brightness level over the entire viewing screen.
requirements stipulated herein.
5.4.4.4 The viewer shall be equipped with a suitable fan,
5.4.1.2 GammaRadiationSources—Isotopesourcesthatare
blower, or other means to provide stable temperature at the
used shall be capable of demonstrating the required radio-
viewing port to avoid damaging the radiographic film while
graphic quality level.
viewing.
5.4.2 Film Holders and Cassettes—Film holders and cas-
5.4.4.5 The viewer shall be equipped with a translucent
settes shall be light tight, constructed of materials that do not
material front in each viewing port, except for localized
interfere with the quality or sensitivity of radiographs, and
high-intensity viewing of high-density film areas through
shall be handled properly to reduce damage. In the event that
separate viewing ports, apertures, or other suitable openings.
light leaks into the film holder and produces images on the
5.4.4.6 Aset of opaque masks, an iris-type aperture, or any
radiograph, the radiograph need not be rejected unless the
other method to reduce the viewing area to suit the size of the
images obscure, or interfere with, the area of interest. If the
area of interest shall be provided.
film holder exhibits light leaks it shall be further repaired
5.4.4.7 Illuminators procured to, or meeting the require-
before use, or discarded. Film holders and cassettes should be
ments of, Guide E1390 are acceptable for use.
routinely examined for cracks or other defects to minimize the
5.4.5 Digitizing Techniques—The use of film digitizing
likelihood of light leaks.
techniques is accept
...