ASTM D2986-95a(1999)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test (Withdrawn 2004)
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test (Withdrawn 2004)
SCOPE
1.1 The dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke test is a highly sensitive and reliable technique for measuring the fine particle arresting efficiency of an air or gas cleaning system or device. It is especially useful for evaluating the efficiency of depth filters, membrane filters, and other particle-collecting devices used in air assay work.
1.2 The technique was developed by the U.S. Government during World War II. Its validity for use in evaluation of air sampling media has been well demonstrated.
1.3 Although a little latitude is permissible in the associated equipment and in the operation method, experience has shown the desirability of operating within established design parameters and recognized test procedures.
1.4 This practice describes the present DOP test method, typical equipment, calibration procedures, and test particles. It is applicable for use with commercially available equipment.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety precaution, see 6.1.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
The dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke test is a highly sensitive and reliable technique for measuring the fine particle arresting efficiency of an air or gas cleaning system or device. It is especially useful for evaluating the efficiency of depth filters, membrane filters, and other particle-collecting devices used in air assay work.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres, this practice was withdrawn in December 2004. This practice is being withdrawn because the procedure is 34 years-old and the apparatus identified (the Optical Owl) is no longer available.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 2986 – 95a (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Air Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP
(Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 The dioctyl phthalate (DOP) smoke test is a highly 3.1 Definitions—For other definitions of terms used in this
sensitive and reliable technique for measuring the fine particle practice, refer to Terminology D 1356.
arresting efficiency of an air or gas cleaning system or device. 3.2 Other terms are defined as follows:
It is especially useful for evaluating the efficiency of depth 3.3 optical owl, n—an optical instrument for visual estima-
filters, membrane filters, and other particle-collecting devices tion of the particle diameter of the monodisperse aerosol by the
used in air assay work. angular dependence of light scattering, in accordance with the
1.2 The technique was developed by the U.S. Government Mie theory.
during World War II. Its validity for use in evaluation of air
3 4. Summary of Practice
sampling media has been well demonstrated.
4.1 Amonodispersed aerosol of 0.3-µm diameter is continu-
1.3 Although a little latitude is permissible in the associated
equipment and in the operation method, experience has shown ously generated by condensation of DOP vapor under con-
trolled conditions. By selective value arrangement, a metered
the desirability of operating within established design param-
eters and recognized test procedures. portion of this aerosol is drawn through a specimen mount
containing the item under test. Flow rate through the specimen
1.4 This practice describes the present DOP test method,
typical equipment, calibration procedures, and test particles. It is adjustable and the corresponding flow resistance is noted as
part of the test.
is applicable for use with commercially available equipment.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Withaerosolgenerationstabilized(constantparticlesize
and concentration), aerosol concentration is measured up-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
stream and downstream of the specimen under test by use of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- linear forward light-scattering photometer.
4.3 Results are expressed as percent of DOP penetration at
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety
precaution, see 6.1. the flow rate used.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.1 Equipment for use with this technique consists of
several interoperational parts. These are indicated in proper
D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
Atmospheres relative arrangement by the diagrammatic sketch, Fig. 1. In
Fig. 1, the letter designations refer to the same parts as
described in the immediately following subsections:
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling
5.2 Air Supply Source (a)—This can be a blower as shown
and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
diagrammatically or a compressed air source with stepdown
D22.01 on Quality Control.
regulator. In any case, the air supply source must be clean, free
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published February 1996. Originally
published as D 2986 – 71. Last previous edition D 2986 – 95.
of entrainment, and sufficient to provide full flow against the
Knudson, H. W., and White, Locke, Ens. USNR, “Development of Smoke
totalresistanceofaerosolgeneratorandaerosolconductorlines
Penetration Meters,” Naval Research Laboratory Report No. P-2642, P.B. No.
to the excess aerosol exhaust point.
119781, September 1945.
Smith, Walter, J., and Surprenant, N. F., “Properties of Various Filtering Media 5.3 DOPAerosol Generator (b)—The generator is designed
for Atmospheric Dust Sampling,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 53, 1953, pp.
to produce uniform size liquid droplet particles of 0.3-µm
1122–1135.
diameter at a concentration of about 100 6 20 µg/L of air.
Instruction Manual—Penetrometer, Filter Testing, DOP, Q127 136-300-138B,
Further description of the generator is given in 8.3.
Edgewood Arsenal, MD, July 1963.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2986 – 95a (1999)
FIG. 1 Simplified Diagram Showing Relation of Principal Parts of DOP Aerosol Test Apparatus
5.4 Aging Chamber (c)—This is simply a large vessel 5.11 Cleanup Filter (j)—This should be a filter of suffi-
(usually about 20 L in volume) wherein some dwell time is ciently high capacity and efficiency to remove smoke from the
provided to permit stabilization of the aerosol. airstream before it passes through the flowmeter. Aerosol
5.5 Sample Holder (d)—Size and design of the sample particles would ultimately affect the accuracy of the meter.
holder can be accommodated to the item under test. However,
2 6. Reagents and Materials
for evaluation of filter media, a circular test area of 100 cm 6
6.1 dioctyl phthalate, (DOP)—Technical grade.
2 % is specified. Provision is made to measure flow resistance
across the test piece.Awire screen may be used to support the
NOTE 1—DOPisunderinvestigationasapossiblecarcinogen.Useonly
sample.
by trained personnel wearing appropriate safety equipment to avoid skin
5.6 Particle SizeAnalyzer(e)—Particlesizeintheaerosolis
contact and inhalation.
indicated by the particle size analyzer. The visual owl may be
7. Procedure
used to verify the aerosol particle size.The electronic owl is an
adaption designed to remove the human factor; it has proven to 7.1 It is necessary to have the equipment prepared and
be highly successful. Both instruments operate by optical calibrated in advance of any test work. Once prepared and in
rotation of light scattered at a 90° angle. Paragraph 8.4 gives adjustment, the equipment can be turned on at any time and
further detail for the optical owl. operated as long as desired with only occasional minor
5.7 Scattering Chamber (f)—The scattering chamber is readjustment. Instruction for preparation and operation of each
used to determine concentration of aerosol either upstream or item of equipment is given below.
downstream of the item under test. Further detail for a typical 7.2 Aerosol Generator—Turn on the air supply and heating
chamber is given in 8.5. units of the DOP aerosol generator. Wait until the aerosol
5.8 Photometer (g)—This is a combination of sensitive output has been stabilized; usually this will require ⁄2hor
multiplier phototube and meter. The multiplier phototube more from a cold start. Draw a portion of the aerosol through
mounts on the scattering chamber and detects light forward the particle size analyzer, verify the aerosol particle size, and
scattered by any particles in the chamber. Further description adjust generator conditions until particle diameter is 0.30 µm
of the photometer is given in 8.6. (by adjustment of quench air temperature).
5.9 Flowmeter (h)—A float-type flowmeter (rotameter) is 7.3 Adjustment of Photometer—Using the same flow rate
used, capable of reading a flow rate well in excess of the thatwillbeusedforthetestspecimen(usually32L/min6 2%
maximum test rate to be used. A meter reading somewhat through 100 cm of area 6 2 % when testing filter media),
above 100 L/min is the common size. It must be protected aerosol from the generator is passed directly through the
against fouling by any DOP accumulation. scattering chamber. Adjust the Gain potentiometer of the
5.10 Exhaust Pump or Blower (i)—This can be either a galvanometer circuit in the photometer until the meter reads
positive displacement pump or blower or a multistage turbine- 100.0.
type blower. In any case, there must be more than sufficient 7.3.1 Draw clean filtered air through the scattering chamber.
capacity to draw air through the total resistance of test Adjust for stray light so that the photometer meter reads zero
specimen, scattering chamber, flowmeter, and all of the related on the most sensitive scale.
lines, valves, filters, etc., at the maximum test rate (usually 85 7.4 Penetration Measurement—Mount the sample to be
L/min). tested in the sample holder, making certain that all seals are
D 2986 – 95a (1999)
tight. Draw aerosol through the test specimen.Adjust flow rate procurement. While the test is well developed and very
to the desired level, for example, 32 L/min. Starting with the reliable, the equipment is complex. It must be within certain
least sensitive range, use progressively higher sensitivity until design parameters and must be carefully fabricated. Design
a reading can be obtained. details are available but it is strongly recommended that
7.4.1 Readthephotometer.ReportthevalueaspercentDOP purchase be made of equipment from a professional fabrica-
penetration. tor.
A—Smoke chamber and light-scattering tube J—Polaroid analyzer tube
B—Smoke inlet port K—Light collecting lens
C—Smoke outlet port L—Bipartite disc (split field polaroid)
D—Light source M—Polaroid disc mounted in movable collar
E—Lens to form parallel beam of light through smoke chamber N—Indicator on polaroid holder to show angle of displacement from verticle axis
F—Baffle to reduce stray light scattered from walls of chamber O—Degree scale for indicator (N)
G—Velvet-lined cap on chamber P—Green filter for obtaining monochromatic light
H—Side arm to light scattering tube Q—Adjustable e
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