ASTM A579/A579M-20
(Specification)Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
Standard Specification for Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard requirements for superstrength alloy steel forgings for highly stressed structural members. Covered here are eight types (twenty-seven grades) of alloy steels, namely: quenched and tempered steels (Grades 11, 12, 12a, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, and 33); air hardened steel (Grade 41); martensitic stainless steels (Grades 51, 52, and 53); No. 1 precipitation hardened stainless steel (Grade 61); No. 2 precipitation hardened stainless steel (Grade 64); No. 3 precipitation hardened stainless steels (Grades 62 and 63); maraging steels (Grades 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75); and miscellaneous steels (Grades 81, 82, 83, and 84). The steels shall be manufactured by melting process and shall be finished by hot-worked forging. Forgings may be furnished in one of the following conditions: stress relieving; annealing; solution treatment; solution treatment and ageing; normalizing; normalizing and tempering; or quenching and tempering. Heat and product analyses shall be employed to assess the conformance of steels with required chemical compositions. Forgings shall examined by tension and Charpy impact tests and conform to required mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area, minimum room-temperature Charpy V-notch energy absorption, maximum annealed hardness, and section size capability. Nondestructive tests, such as magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and ultrasonic inspection procedures, shall also be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steel shapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yield strengths in excess of 140 ksi [965 MPa].
1.2 This specification is not intended for applications limited by creep deformation.
1.3 Twenty-eight grades are covered by this specification. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and mechanical properties required.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A579/A579M −20
Standard Specification for
1
Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA579/A579M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steel
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
shapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yield
Forgings
strengths in excess of 140 ksi [965 MPa].
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
1.2 This specification is not intended for applications lim-
quirements
ited by creep deformation.
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E21 TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
1.3 Twenty-eight grades are covered by this specification.
Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and Metallic Materials
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of
mechanical properties required.
Steel
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
eral Industry
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with
used independently of the other, and values from the two
the inquiry and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written
systems shall not be combined.
description of the forging. Additionally the purchaser shall
1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
specify one of the types, grades, and classes shown in Tables
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-
1-3.
pound units.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Materials and Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The steel shall be made in accordance with the Melting
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Process Section of Specification A788/A788M. A sufficient
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious pipe
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of and undue segregation.
Steel Forgings
4.2 The material shall be forged as close as practical to the
specified shape and size.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.3 The finished product shall be a hot-worked forging as
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
defined by Specification A788/A788M.
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
4.4 Heat Treatment Performed by Forging Supplier—
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A579/A579M–17a.
DOI: 10.1520/A0579_A0579M–20.
Forgings may be furnished in one of the following conditions
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
as specified in the inquiry and purchase order (some conditions
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
are not applicable to all grades):
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.4.1 Stress relieved,
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A579/A579M
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A579/A579M − 17a A579/A579M − 20
Standard Specification for
1
Superstrength Alloy Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A579/A579M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers requirements for forged steel shapes for highly stressed structural members requiring yield
strengths in excess of 140 ksi [965 MPa].
1.2 This specification is not intended for applications limited by creep deformation.
1.3 Twenty-eight grades are covered by this specification. Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, and
mechanical properties required.
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only
when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standard.shall not be combined.
1.6 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
E21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Tests of Metallic Materials
E45 Test Methods for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel
E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for General Industry
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include with the inquiry
and order a detailed drawing, sketch, or written description of the forging. Additionally the purchaser shall specify one of the types,
grades, and classes shown in Tables 1-3.
3.2 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017March 1, 2020. Published November 2017April 2020. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
A579/A579M – 17.A579/A579M–17a. DOI: 10.1520/A0579_A0579M-17A.10.1520/A0579_A0579M–20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A579/A579M − 20
TABLE 1 Minimum Tension Test Requirements
Yield Strength
Reduction
A
Tensile Strength,
Elongation,
A
Type Grade (0.2 % offset),
of Area,
%
ksi [MPa]
%
ksi [MPa]
Quench and Tempered
Type 1 13, 21, 22, 23, 12, 12a 140 [965] 150 [1035] 13 40
Type 1 13, 21, 22, 23, 11 160 [1100] 175 [1210] 12 36
B
Type 1 13, 21, 22, 23, 31 180 [1240] 190 [1310] 10 32
B
Type 1 13, 21, 22, 23 200 [1380] 210 [1450] 9 28
C B
Type 1 22 , 23, 32, 33 225 [1550] 250 [1720] 6 25
Air Hardening
B
Type 2 41 200 [1380] 260 [1790] 9 30
B
Type 2 41 225 [1550]
...
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