ASTM D5229/D5229M-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Standard Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Procedure A is designed to produce moisture diffusion material property data that may be used as follows:
5.1.1 To determine approximate exposure times for coupon conditioning in Procedures B-E, Y, and Z;
5.1.2 As input to moisture prediction analysis computer codes; or
5.1.3 For making qualitative decisions on material selection or performance under environmental exposure to various forms of moisture.
5.2 Procedures B-E are designed to condition test coupons to a specified environmental condition or equilibrium state prior to other material property testing (including, but not limited to, mechanical testing).
5.3 Procedures Y-Z are designed to determine the loss of moisture content due to removal of a test coupon from the conditioning chamber (such as for strain gauge bonding) or due to heating of the test coupon prior to and during mechanical loading.
5.4 A single pair of tests on thin and thick specimens using Procedure A provides the moisture diffusivity constant, Dz, and the moisture equilibrium content, Mm, at the given moisture exposure level and temperature. Multiple tests at differing temperatures are required to establish the dependence of Dz on temperature. Multiple tests at differing moisture exposure levels are required to establish the dependence of Mm on moisture exposure level.
Note 1: For many polymer matrix composites, the moisture diffusivity is usually only weakly related to relative humidity and is often assumed to be a function only of temperature, usually following an Arrhenius-type exponential relation with inverse absolute temperature. For many of these materials, moisture equilibrium content is only weakly related to temperature and is usually assumed to be a function only of relative humidity (1).
5.5 Vapor-exposure testing shall be used to condition the specimen when the in-service environmental condition is a vapor such as humid air. Immersion in a liquid bath should be used to simulate vapor exposure only whe...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of moisture absorption or desorption properties in the through-the-thickness direction for single-phase Fickian solid materials in flat or curved panel form. Also covered are procedures for conditioning test coupons prior to use in other test methods; either to an essentially moisture-free state, to equilibrium in a standard laboratory atmosphere environment, or to equilibrium in a non-laboratory environment. Also included are procedures for determining the moisture loss during elevated temperature testing, as well as moisture loss resulting from thermal exposure after removal from the conditioning environment, such as during strain gauge bonding. While intended primarily for laminated polymer matrix composite materials, these procedures are also applicable to other materials that satisfy the assumptions of 1.2.
1.2 The calculation of the through-the-thickness moisture diffusivity constant in Procedure A assumes a single-phase Fickian material with constant moisture absorption properties through the thickness of the specimen. The validity of the equations used in Procedure A for evaluating the moisture diffusivity constant in a material of previously unknown moisture absorption behavior is uncertain prior to the test, as the test results themselves determine if the material follows the single-phase Fickian diffusion model. A reinforced polymer matrix composite material tested below its glass-transition temperature typically meets this requirement, although two-phase matrices such as toughened epoxies may require a multi-phase moisture absorption model. While the test procedures themselves may be used for multi-phase materials, the calculations used to determine the moisture diffusivity constant in Procedure A are applicable only to single-phase materials. Other examples of materials and test conditions that may not meet the requirements are discussed in Sec...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5229/D5229M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium
1
Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5229/D5229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Consistent evaluation and comparison of the response of polymer matrix composites to moisture
absorption can only be performed when the material has been brought to a uniform through-the-
thickness moisture profile. The procedures described in Test Method D570 and Practice D618 do not
guarantee moisture equilibrium of the material. A similar, but more rigorous, procedure for
conditioning to equilibrium is described by this test method, which can also be used with fluid
moisture other than water, and which, additionally, can provide the moisture absorption properties
necessary for the analysis of single-phase Fickian moisture diffusion within such materials.
1. Scope single-phase Fickian diffusion model. A reinforced polymer
matrix composite material tested below its glass-transition
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
temperature typically meets this requirement, although two-
tion of moisture absorption or desorption properties in the
phase matrices such as toughened epoxies may require a
through-the-thickness direction for single-phase Fickian solid
multi-phase moisture absorption model. While the test proce-
materials in flat or curved panel form. Also covered are
dures themselves may be used for multi-phase materials, the
procedures for conditioning test coupons prior to use in other
calculationsusedtodeterminethemoisturediffusivityconstant
test methods; either to an essentially moisture-free state, to
in Procedure A are applicable only to single-phase materials.
equilibrium in a standard laboratory atmosphere environment,
Other examples of materials and test conditions that may not
or to equilibrium in a non-laboratory environment. Also
meet the requirements are discussed in Section 6.
included are procedures for determining the moisture loss
during elevated temperature testing, as well as moisture loss 1.3 The evaluation by ProcedureAof the moisture equilib-
resulting from thermal exposure after removal from the con- rium content material property does not assume, and is
ditioning environment, such as during strain gauge bonding. therefore not limited to, single-phase Fickian diffusion behav-
While intended primarily for laminated polymer matrix com- ior.
posite materials, these procedures are also applicable to other
1.4 The procedures used by this test method may be
materials that satisfy the assumptions of 1.2.
performed, and the resulting data reduced, by suitable auto-
1.2 The calculation of the through-the-thickness moisture matic equipment.
diffusivity constant in Procedure A assumes a single-phase
1.5 Thistestmethodisconsistentwiththerecommendations
2
Fickian material with constant moisture absorption properties
of CMH-17 Rev G (1), which describes the desirable attri-
through the thickness of the specimen. The validity of the
butes of a conditioning and moisture property determination
equations used in Procedure A for evaluating the moisture
procedure.
diffusivity constant in a material of previously unknown
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
moisture absorption behavior is uncertain prior to the test, as
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
thetestresultsthemselvesdetermineifthematerialfollowsthe
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other, and values from the two
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
systems shall not be combined.
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on
Lamina and Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
2
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5229/ Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
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D5229M–14 . DOI: 10.1520/D5229_D5229M-20. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5229/D5229M − 14 D5229/D5229M − 20
Standard Test Method for
Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium
1
Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5229/D5229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—The appearance of some of the section references was updated and other editorial changes were made through-
out in February 2019.
INTRODUCTION
Consistent evaluation and comparison of the response of polymer matrix composites to moisture
absorption can only be performed when the material has been brought to a uniform through-the-
thickness moisture profile. The procedures described in Test Method D570 and PracticesPractice D618
do not guarantee moisture equilibrium of the material. A similar, but more rigorous, procedure for
conditioning to equilibrium is described by this test method, which can also be used with fluid
moisture other than water, and which, additionally, can provide the moisture absorption properties
necessary for the analysis of single-phase Fickian moisture diffusion within such materials.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of moisture absorption or desorption properties in the
through-the-thickness direction for single-phase Fickian solid materials in flat or curved panel form. Also covered are procedures
for conditioning test coupons prior to use in other test methods; either to an essentially moisture-free state, to equilibrium in a
standard laboratory atmosphere environment, or to equilibrium in a non-laboratory environment. Also included are procedures for
determining the moisture loss during elevated temperature testing, as well as moisture loss resulting from thermal exposure after
removal from the conditioning environment, such as during strain gauge bonding. While intended primarily for laminated polymer
matrix composite materials, these procedures are also applicable to other materials that satisfy the assumptions of 1.2.
1.2 The calculation of the through-the-thickness moisture diffusivity constant in Procedure A assumes a single-phase Fickian
material with constant moisture absorption properties through the thickness of the specimen. The validity of the equations used
in Procedure A for evaluating the moisture diffusivity constant in a material of previously unknown moisture absorption behavior
is uncertain prior to the test, as the test results themselves determine if the material follows the single-phase Fickian diffusion
model. A reinforced polymer matrix composite material tested below its glass-transition temperature typically meets this
requirement, although two-phase matrices such as toughened epoxies may require a multi-phase moisture absorption model. While
the test procedures themselves may be used for multi-phase materials, the calculations used to determine the moisture diffusivity
constant in Procedure A are applicable only to single-phase materials. Other examples of materials and test conditions that may
not meet the requirements are discussed in Section 6.
1.3 The evaluation by Procedure A of the moisture equilibrium content material property does not assume, and is therefore not
limited to, single-phase Fickian diffusion behavior.
1.4 The procedures used by this test method may be performed, and the resulting data reduced, by suitable automatic equipment.
2
1.5 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17 Rev G (1), which describes the desirable attributes
of a conditioning and moisture property determination procedure.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.04 on Lamina and
Laminate Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 15, 2014March 1, 2020. Published May 2014April 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
ε1
D5229/D5229M – 12.D5229/D5229M – 14 . DOI: 10.1520/D5229_D5229M-14E01.10.1520/D5229_D5229M-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...
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