ASTM D1840-02

Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons in straight-run jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze fuels containing not more than 5 % of such components and having end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which established the precision statements for this test method were 0.03 to 4.25 volume % for Procedure A, and 0.08 to 5.6 volume % for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Nov-2002
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1840-01 - Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D1840-03 - Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7223-21 - Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8305-19 - Standard Test Method for The Determination of Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels and other Kerosene Range Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D6615-22 - Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D4790-23 - Standard Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D8147-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002
• Referred By: ASTM D2269-10(2020) - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2002

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 1840 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by
1
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1840; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorp-
tion spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Termi-
1.1 This test method covers the determination, by ultraviolet
nology E 131. Terms of particular significance are the follow-
spectrophotometry, of the total concentration of naphthalene,
ing:
acenaphthene, and alkylated derivatives of these hydrocarbons
3.1.1.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electro-
in straight-run jet fuels. This test method is designed to analyze
magnetic waves.
fuels containing not more than 5 % of such components and
3.1.1.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
having end points below 315°C (600°F); however, the range of
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
concentrations used in the interlaboratory test programs which
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
established the precision statements for this test method were
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
0.03 to 4.25 volume % for Procedure A, and 0.08 to 5.6 volume
stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
% for Procedure B. This test method determines the maximum
expressed by
amount of naphthalenes that could be present.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the A 5 log ~1/T!52log T (1)
10 10
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
where:
mation only.
T = transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—It may be necessary to correct the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
observed transmittance (indicated by the spectrophotometer)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by compensating for reflectance losses, solvent absorption
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
losses, or refraction effects.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance
precautionary statements, see 8.1 and 8.2.
to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and
pathlength, expressed by
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: a 5 A/bc (2)
2
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
where:
E 169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-
A = absorbance defined in 3.2.1,
2
Visible Quantitative Analysis
b = sample cell path length, and
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotom-
volume of solvent.
2
eters
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Quantitative ultraviolet analyses are
based upon the absorption law, known as Beer’s law. The law
3. Terminology
states that the absorbance of a homogeneous sample containing
3.1 Definitions:
an absorbing substance is directly proportional to the concen-
tration of the absorbing substance at a single wavelength,
expressed by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A 5 abc (3)
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
where:
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 1840-01.
A = absorbance as defined in 3.2.1,
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D1840–02
TABLE 1 Interfering Compounds
a = absorptivity as defined in 3.2.2,
Error in Percentage of
b = sample cell pathlength, and
Type of Interfering Compound Naphthalenes Caused by 1 %
c = quantity of absorbing substance contained in a unit
Interfering Compound
volume of solvent.
Phenanthrenes 2
3.2.3 concentration, c, n—the quantity of naphthalene hy-
Dibenzothiophenes 2
drocarbons in grams per litre of isooctane.
Biphenyls 1
Benzothiophenes 0.6
3.2.4 sample cell pathlength, b, n—the distance, in centi-
Anthracenes 0.1
metres, measured in the direction of propagation of the beam of
radiant energy, between the surfaces of the specimen on which
the radiant energy is in
...