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ASTM D6766-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids

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1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of both flux and hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as  coefficient of permeability) of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens permeated with chemical solutions and leachates utilizing a flexible wall permeameter.
1.2 This test method may be utilized with GCL specimens that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to 1 10 -5 m/s (1 10-3 cm/s).
1.3 This test method is applicable to GCL products having geotextile backing(s). It may not be applicable to GCL products with geomembrane backing(s).
1.4 This test method provides measurements of flux and hydraulic conductivity under a prescribed set of conditions, as an index test, that can be used for manufacturing quality control. The flux and hydraulic conductivity values determined using this test method under the prescribed set of conditions is not considered to be representative of the in-service conditions of GCLs. However, the test method allows the requester to establish a set of test conditions; thus, the test method also may be used to check performance or conformance, or both.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centimeters per second, although the common SI units for hydraulic conductivity are meters per second.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2002
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6766-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6141-18(2022) - Standard Guide for Screening Clay Portion and Index Flux of Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) for Chemical Compatibility to Liquids
Effective Date
10-Feb-2002

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ASTM D6766-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible LiquidsASTM D6766-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
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ASTM D6766-02 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D6766–02
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Geosynthetic Clay
1
Liners Permeated with Potentially Incompatible Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6766; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
2
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of both
3
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
flux and hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coeffıcient
3
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
of permeability) of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens
D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting and Speci-
permeated with chemical solutions and leachates utilizing a
fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil and Rock
flexible wall permeameter.
2
Testing
1.2 This test method may be utilized with GCL specimens
D 4767 Test Method for Consolidated-Undrained Triaxial
that have a hydraulic conductivity less than or equal to
2
-5 -3
Compression
1 3 10 m/s (1 3 10 cm/s).
D 5084 Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Con-
1.3 This test method is applicable to GCL products having
ductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible
geotextile backing(s). It may not be applicable to GCL prod-
2
Wall Permeameter
ucts with geomembrane backing(s).
D 5887 Test Method for Measurement of Index Flux
1.4 This test method provides measurements of flux and
Through Saturated Geosynthetic Clay Liner Specimens
hydraulic conductivity under a prescribed set of conditions, as
4
Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
an index test, that can be used for manufacturing quality
E 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
control.The flux and hydraulic conductivity values determined
4
Ventilation Ovens
using this test method under the prescribed set of conditions is
not considered to be representative of the in-service conditions
3. Terminology
of GCLs. However, the test method allows the requester to
3.1 Definitions:
establish a set of test conditions; thus, the test method also may
3.1.1 flux, n—the rate of discharge of liquid under laminar
be used to check performance or conformance, or both.
flow conditions through a unit cross-sectional area of a GCL
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
specimen at a standard temperature condition (22 6 3°C).
standard, unless other units are specifically given. By tradition
3.1.2 geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), n—a factory-
in U.S. practice, hydraulic conductivity is reported in centime-
manufactured geosynthetic hydraulic barrier consisting of clay
ters per second, although the common SI units for hydraulic
supported by geotextiles, geomembranes, or a combination
conductivity are meters per second.
thereof, that are held together by needling, stitching, chemical
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
adhesives or other methods.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 hydraulic conductivity, k, n—the rate of discharge of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
liquid under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sectional area of a GCL specimen under a unit hydraulic
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
gradient and standard temperature conditions (22 6 3°C).
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.3.1 Discussion—The term coeffıcient of permeability is
often used instead of hydraulic conductivity but hydraulic
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conductivity is used exclusively in this test method. A more
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
2
Fluids
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.04onHydraulic
Properties.
3
Current edition approved Feb 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6766–02
complete discussion of the terminology associated with Dar- 4.5 The apparatus used in this test method is commonly
5
cy’s law is given in the literature. used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of soil specimens.
3.1.4 index test, n—a test procedure that may contain bias, However, flux values measured in this test are typically much
but may be used to establish comparable r
...

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1.1 This test method covers an index test that covers laboratory measurement of flux through saturated geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) specimens using a flexible wall permeameter.  
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1.3 Measurements of one or more ultrasonic wave transmission characteristics are made based on the requirements of the specific testing program.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
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1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7747/D7747M-11(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
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1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
5.4 Creep-rupture test data are used to develop a regression line relating creep stress to rupture time. These results predict the long-term rupture strength expected for geosynthetics in reinforcement applications.  
5.5 Tensile testing is used to establish the ultimate tensile strength (TULT) of a material and to determine elastic stress, strain, and variations thereof for SIM tests.  
5.6 Ramp and Hold (R+H) testing is done to establish the range of creep strains experienced in the brief period of very rapid response following the peak of the load ramp.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off