ASTM E601-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
Standard Test Method for Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at specified constant elevated temperatures using dual, simultaneous, emf indicators, or using a single emf indicator, with the test and reference emf measured alternately. This test is conducted over a period of weeks.
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple is used as a reference standard to establish the test temperature.
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a required time interval. This method provides a quantitative measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By combining the results of the positive (P) and negative (N) thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of both P and N thermoelements may be obtained. The emf of an individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which may be the platinum leg of the platinum-rhodium/platinum reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.Note 1
Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical resistance of the thermocouple, as measured between the reference junctions.Note 2
See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature limits in air.Note 3
This test method is only applicable for initially new thermoelements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200 °C become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 601 – 07
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal
1
Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal
thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at
2. Referenced Documents
specified constant elevated temperatures using dual, simulta-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
neous, emf indicators, or using a single emf indicator, with the
E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
test and reference emf measured alternately. This test is
Comparison Techniques
conducted over a period of weeks.
E 230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
isusedasareferencestandardtoestablishthetesttemperature.
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the
etry
stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a
E 563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
required time interval. This method provides a quantitative
as a Reference Temperature
measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By
E 1159 Specification for Thermocouple Materials,
combining the results of the positive (P) and negative (N)
Platinum-Rhodium Alloys, and Platinum
thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of
both P and N thermoelements may be obtained. The emf of an
3. Terminology
individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which
3.1 Definitions:
may be the platinum leg of the platinum-rhodium/platinum
3.1.1 emf indicator, n—aninstrumentthatmeasurestheemf
reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.
and displays the value, for example, a digital voltmeter
NOTE 1—Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while
(DVM).
undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the
3.1.2 emf stability, n—change in emf (or in equivalent
thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical
temperature) with time, with the thermocouple junctions held
resistance of the thermocouple, as measured between the reference
at fixed temperatures and with the thermal profile along the
junctions.
thermoelements held constant.
NOTE 2—See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature
2
limits in air. 3.1.3 immersion depth, n—the distance between the tip of
NOTE 3—This test method is only applicable for initially new thermo-
the temperature sensor and the position along the length of the
elements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200
sensor leads or sheath where the temperature equals the
°C become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of
average of the calibration-point and ambient temperatures.
inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
3.1.4 gradient zone, n—thesectionofathermocouplethatis
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
exposed during a measurement to temperatures in the range
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
from t + 0.1(t – t )to t + 0.9(t – t ), where t is
amb m amb amb m amb amb
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ambienttemperatureand t isthetemperatureofthemeasuring
m
junction.
3.1.5 reference thermocouple, n—calibratedType S orType
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
R thermocouple.
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04
on Thermocouples.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E 601 – 81 (1997)
3
which was withdrawn in January 2006 and reinstated in May 2007. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement: Fourth contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Edition, Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Conshohocken, PA 19428, www.astm.org. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E601–07
3.1.6 t
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:E601–07 Designation: E 601 – 07a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Electromotive Force (emf) Stability of Base-Metal
1
Thermoelement Materials with Time in Air
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 601; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in July 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method measures emf stability of base-metal thermoelement materials in air referenced to platinum at specified
constantelevatedtemperaturesusingdual,simultaneous,emfindicators,orusingasingleemfindicator,withthetestandreference
emf measured alternately. This test is conducted over a period of weeks.
1.2 A calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermocouple is used as a reference standard to establish the test temperature.
1.3 The useful life of a thermocouple depends on the stability of the emf generated at given temperatures for a required time
interval. This method provides a quantitative measure of the stability of individual thermoelements. By combining the results of
the positive (P) and negative (N) thermoelements, the stability of a thermocouple comprised of both Pand N thermoelements may
be obtained. The emf of an individual thermoelement is measured against platinum, which may be the platinum leg of the
platinum-rhodium/platinum reference thermocouple, or an additional platinum reference.
NOTE 1—Some thermoelements may show insignificant emf drift while undergoing relatively rapid oxidation. In these cases, failure of the
thermoelement may be indicated only by a large rise in the electrical resistance of the thermocouple,between joined thermoelements, as measured
betweenat the reference junctions.
2
NOTE 2—See ASTM MNL 12 for recommended upper temperature limits in air.
NOTE 3—This test method is only applicable for initially new thermoelements. Base-metal thermoelements exposed to temperatures above 200 °C
become thermoelectrically inhomogeneous, and stability testing of inhomogeneous thermoelements will give ambiguous results.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques Terminology Relating to Thermometry and
Hydrometry
E 230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples Terminology
Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
E 563Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath as a ReferenceTemperature Terminology Relating toThermometry
and Hydrometry
E 1159Specification for Thermocouple Materials, Platinum-Rhodium Alloys, and Platinum Terminology Relating to Ther-
mometry and Hydrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology E 344 shall apply to this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.04 on
Thermocouples.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2007.PublishedJune2007.Originallyapprovedin1977.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1997asE601–81(1997)whichwaswithdrawn
in January 2006 and reinstated in May 2007.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E 601 – 07.
2
Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement: Fourth Edition,Available fromASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428, www.astm.org.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 601 – 07a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 emf indicator, n—an instrument that measures the emf and displays the
...
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