ASTM F2836-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Gasket Constants for Bolted Joint Design
Standard Practice for Gasket Constants for Bolted Joint Design
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice determines the room temperature gasket constants Gb and a for initial seating and Gs for operating conditions as related to the tightness behavior of pressurized bolted flanged connections. These constants are used in determining the design bolt load for gasketed bolted joints.
5.2 This practice is suitable for all the types of gaskets and facings as are considered by the ASME Division 1 Code. This includes ASME B16.5 raised facings, nubbin-type facings, O-ring grooves, and a wide variety of gaskets including spiral wound, flat sheet, solid metal, jacketed, and other types of gaskets common to process and power industry pressurized equipment.
5.3 These constants are intended for direct use in determining ASME Code design calculations for bolted flanged joints. An appendix of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 will refer to the gasket constants Gb, a, and Gs produced by this practice. The user and bolted joint designer are cautioned that gasket constants Gb, a, and Gs and any gasket design stresses calculated from these may not be conservative for design stresses below S1 or beyond S13 as indicated in Table 3.
5.4 When required, this practice evaluates both the mechanical and leakage resistance of gaskets to excessive compression to determine their maximum assembly stress, Sc.
5.5 This test procedure is a gasket tightness characterization test and is not considered as a gasket manufacturing quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice determines room temperature gasket tightness design constants for pressurized bolted flanged connections such as those designed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
1.2 This practice applies mainly to all types of circular gasket products and facings typically used in process or power plant pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and piping including solid metal, jacketed, spiral wound, and sheet-type gaskets. As an optional extension of this practice, the maximum assembly stress for those gaskets may also be determined by this procedure.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, but other units may be included.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2836 − 18
Standard Practice for
1
Gasket Constants for Bolted Joint Design
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice determines room temperature gasket tight- 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ness design constants for pressurized bolted flanged connec- 3.1.1 ASME Class 150, n—refers to the dimensions and
tions such as those designed in accordance with the ASME pressure rating of Class 150 of standard flanges in ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Standard B16.5.
3.1.2 flange rotation, n—rotation of the flange face surfaces
1.2 This practice applies mainly to all types of circular
so that the gasket outside diameter (OD) is compressed more
gasket products and facings typically used in process or power
than the gasket inside diameter (ID) when the bolts are
plant pressure vessels, heat exchangers, and piping including
tightened to compress the gasket.
solid metal, jacketed, spiral wound, and sheet-type gaskets.As
an optional extension of this practice, the maximum assembly
3.1.3 gasket constants, n—if a log-log plot of gasket stress
stress for those gaskets may also be determined by this
versus tightness (Sg-Tp graph) is made and an analysis of the
procedure.
dataisperformedinaccordwiththispractice,then(seeFig.1):
(1)The value, Gb, is the stress intercept (at Tp =1)
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
associated with a regression of the Part A tightness data.
as the standard, but other units may be included.
(2)Thevalue, a,istheslopeassociatedwiththePartAdata
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and combined values of Gb and a describe the seating or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
loading characteristic of a gasket and give an indication of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gasket capacity to develop tightness upon initial seating.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(3)The value, Gs, is the stress intercept (at Tp =1)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
associatedwithPartBtightnessdataandvaluesof Gsrepresent
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
the gasket potential to maintain tightness after pressurization
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and during operation and indicate the gasket’s sensitivity to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
unloading excursions or susceptibility to crushing.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(4)The combined effect of constants Gb and a is best
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a
represented by the value of S = Gb × Tp calculated for
Tp
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
typical values of Tp such as 100, 1000, or 10 000 where S
Tp
tells us what the minimum gasket stress shall be to maintain a
2. Referenced Documents
specified level of minimum tightness.
2
2.1 ASME Standards:
(5)The value, Gs, is an independent constant that repre-
ASME B16.5Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
sents operation and it characterizes the gasket tightness sensi-
ASME B16.20Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges—Ring-
tivity to operating bolt load reductions that occur during
Joint, Spiral-Wound, and Jacketed
pressurization or gasket creep or thermal disturbances.
ASME B16.21Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
3.1.4 gasket contact area, Ag, n—initial (nominal) area of
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeSection VIII Divi-
the gasket that is considered to be loaded by the flange
sion 1, Appendix 2
surfaces.
3.1.5 gasket stress, Sg, n—gasket stress is the ratio of the
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF03onGasketsand
applied load by the fixture over the gasket contact area, Ag.
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.20 on Mechanical Test Methods.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. DOI:
3.1.6 gasket types, n—for this practice, it is convenient to
10.1520/F2836-18.
differentiate gasket styles as:
2
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
(1)Sheetgasketmaterialstypicallyfrom0.5to5mmthick
International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
www.asme.org. commonly in use and in which circular gasket samples are cut,
Copyright © ASTM Int
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