ASTM A27/A27M-95(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for general applications that require up to 70 ksi [485 MPa] minimum tensile strength.
Note-The grades covered by this specification represent materials that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.
1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall be specified by the purchaser.
1.2.1 Grade N-1 -Chemical analysis only.
1.2.2 Grade N-2 -Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.
1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]-Mechanically tested but not heat-treated.
1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205] , 65-35 [450-240] , 70-36 [485-250] , and 70-40 [485-275]-Heat-treated and mechanically tested.
1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in accordance with 9.2.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to Specification A27 and SI units for material ordered to Specification A27M.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: A 27/A 27M – 95 (Reapproved 2000) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 27/A 27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
A 781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel castings for gen-
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
eral applications that require up to 70 ksi [485 MPa] minimum
tensile strength.
3. General Conditions for Delivery
NOTE 1—The grades covered by this specification represent materials
3.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
that are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steel
the requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, including
parts by fusion welding. It is not intended to imply that all these grades
any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
possess the same degree of weldability or that the same welding
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
techniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of the
ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-
purchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings are
requirements of this specification and Specification A 781/
covered, as indicated below. The grade and class desired shall
A 781M, this specification shall prevail.
be specified by the purchaser.
1.2.1 Grade N-1—Chemical analysis only.
4. Ordering Information
1.2.2 Grade N-2—Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.
4.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 [415-205]—Mechanically tested but
include the following information in proper sequence.
not heat-treated.
4.1.1 Quantity,
1.2.4 Grades 60-30 [415-205], 65-35 [450-240], 70-36
4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),
[485-250], and 70-40 [485-275]—Heat-treated and mechani-
4.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or
cally tested.
drawing,
1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified in
4.1.4 Options in the specification, and
accordance with 9.2.
4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
dards of acceptance.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
5. Heat Treatment
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
5.1 All castings of Grades N-2, 60-30 [415-205], 65-35
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
[450-240], 70-36 [485-250], and 70-40 [485-275] shall be
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
heat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing and
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to
tempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwise
Specification A 27 and SI units for material ordered to Speci-
specified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may be
fication A 27M.
heat-treated by any one or combination of these heat-
treatments at the option of the manufacturer.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings have
2.1 ASTM Standards:
been allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to below
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
the transformation range.
of Steel Products
5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulated
A 732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
by the use of pyrometers.
bon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and
6. Chemical Composition
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysis
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1995. Published January 1996. Originally
published as A 27 – 91. Last previous edition A 27/A 27M – 93.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 27/A 27M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A
Grade Composition, %
B B
Carbon, max Manganese, max Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, max
Grade N-1 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade N-2 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade U-60-30 [415-205] 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 60-30 [415-205] 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 65-35 [450-240] 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 70-36 [485-250] 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.06 0.05
Grade 70-40 [485-275] 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.06 0.05
A
Specify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).
B
For each reduction of 0.01 % carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximum
of 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 [485-275] and 1.00 % for the other grades.
7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form and
tolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerances dimensions shown in Figs. 4 and 5 of Test Methods and
Definitions A 370.
shown in Specification A 781/A 781M. When residual element
chemical content is of interest to the purchaser, S54 may be 7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws are
revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may be
considered.
discarded and another substituted from the same heat.
7.7 When this specification is applied to investment cast-
7. Tensile Properties
ings, test coupons and tension test specimens shall be obtained
7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall be
and prepared as directed in S3.2 of Specification A 732/
performed on each heat and the mechanical properties thus
A 732M. Test coupons shall be heat treated as prescribed in
determined shall conform to the requirements specified in
7.4.
Table 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance with
8. Retests
Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, or
7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar to
casting do not conform to the requirements specified, retests
those shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A 781/A 781M and from
are permitted as outlined in Test Methods and Definitions
the same heat as the casting represented.
A 370. At the manufacturer’s option, castings may be reheat-
7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treat
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