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ASTM C87/C87M-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar

Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33 concerning organic impurities.
This test method is applicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test Method C40, have produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than standard color plate No. 3 or color solution.
Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test Method C40 test, when testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fine aggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
Note 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Dec-2010
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.20 - Aggregates
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C87-05 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C404-18 - Standard Specification for Aggregates for Masonry Grout
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C40/C40M-20 - Standard Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C144-18 - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C897-15(2020) - Standard Specification for Aggregate for Job-Mixed Portland Cement-Based Plasters
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C1761/C1761M-23 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregate for Internal Curing of Concrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM C33/C33M-23 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
Effective Date
15-Dec-2010

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ASTM C87/C87M-10 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of MortarASTM C87/C87M-10 - Standard Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength of Mortar
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C87/C87M − 10
Standard Test Method for
Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength
1
of Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C87/C87M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate,
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40. Compari-
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
son is made between compressive strengths of mortar made
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.
of Hydraulic Cement
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
C702 PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
Size
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
terials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Sieves
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh
hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause
3. Summary of Test Method
chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged
2 3.1 A portion of the fine aggregate that produced a color
exposure.)
darker than the standard in Test Method C40 is used to prepare
mortar cube specimens. A separate portion of the same fine
2. Referenced Documents
aggregate is washed in sodium hydroxide solution to remove
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the organic impurities that caused the failing result when tested
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
in accordance with Test Method C40, and that washed fine
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates
aggregate is used to prepare another set of mortar cube
for Concrete
specimens.
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.2 After curing for a stated period, the compressive
strengths of the two sets of cube specimens are determined and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
compared.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
4. Significance and Use
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally
approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C87–05. DOI:
4.1 This test method is of significance in making a final
10.1520/C0087_C0087M-10.
determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with
2
See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,
respect to the requirements of Specification C33 concerning
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or organic impurities.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 This test method is applicable to those samples which,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. when tested in accordance with Test Method C40, have
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C87/C87M − 10
produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than standa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C87–05 Designation:C87/C87M–10
Standard Test Method for
Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strength
1
of Mortar
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C87/C87M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose
presence is indicated using Test Method C40. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed
and unwashed fine aggregate.
1.2The SI values shown are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values shown in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents
are not used in the practice.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information
only and does not represent a different standard sieve size
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed
2
skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C40 Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C87–04. DOI: 10.1520/C0087-05.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010. Published January 2011. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C87–05. DOI:
10.1520/C0087_C0087M-10.
2
See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C87/C87M–10
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Aportion of the fine aggregate that produced a color darker than the standard in Test Method C40 is used to prepare mortar
cube specimens. A separate portion of the same fine aggregate is washed in sodium hy
...

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5.1 This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M concerning organic impurities.  
5.2 This test method is applicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test MethodC40/C40M, have produced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than the standard listed in Table 1 of C40/C40M (Organic plate No. 3, Gardner Color Standard No. 14, Circular Disk No. 14 or prepared color solution).  
5.3 Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test Method C40/C40M test, if testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fine aggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impurities in fine aggregate, whose presence is indicated using Test Method C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made with washed and unwashed fine aggregate.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in the practice.
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5.1 Thermal power curves are used to evaluate the isothermal hydration kinetics of the combined mixture of different materials during the early period after being mixed with water. These isothermal power curves, or hydration profiles, may provide indications relative to setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance and early strength development. The isothermal hydration profiles can also be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as curing temperature. Special care must be used in evaluating extended retardation with paste specimens, which have been shown to overestimate the retardation of some mixtures containing cement, SCM, and admixtures.  
5.2 This procedure can be used to measure the effect of chemical admixtures on the cement hydration profile. In many cases, the addition of chemical admixture changes the kinetics of cement hydration.  
5.3 Although this technique has been used historically to understand issues related to setting and slump loss, it must be emphasized that isothermal calorimetry results cannot predict concrete performance definitely, either positively or negatively. Extensive verification in concrete at planned dosages and temperatures, and at higher dosages, is needed. Isothermal calorimetry is an effective tool to identify sensitivities, so that concrete testing can be efficiently planned and performed.  
5.4 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.5 The procedure and apparatus can be used to monitor the thermal power from pastes and mortars alone or in combination with chemical admixtures.  
5.6 The isothermal calorimeter described here can be used to measure the thermal power and heat of hydration of mortars prepared independently or obtained by wet sieving from concrete in accordance with Practice C172/C1...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for measuring relative differences in hydration kinetics of hydraulic cementitious mixtures, either in paste or mortar (see Note 1), including those containing admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), and other fine materials by measuring the thermal power using an isothermal calorimeter.
Note 1: Paste specimens are often preferred for mechanistic research when details of individual reaction peaks are important or for particular calorimetry configurations. Mortar specimens may give results that have better correlation with concrete setting and early strength development and are often preferred to evaluate different mixture proportions for concrete. Both paste and mortar studies have been found to be effective in evaluating concrete field problems due to incompatibility of materials used in concrete mixtures.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the measurement of heat of hydration. Heat of hydration can be determined according to Test Method C1702.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1709-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) covered under existing ASTM specifications are fly ash, slag cement, raw and calcined natural pozzolans including calcined clays, silica fume, and ground-glass pozzolan. The use of these materials, and limits established in existing specifications, are based on data obtained from research programs, field testing, and long term performance monitoring. Performance of SCM in specific concrete mixtures is commonly verified through preconstruction testing. This guide provides an approach to assessing the properties of materials that are not covered under existing specifications, and for assessing the performance of those materials in concrete.  
4.2 If an ASCM does not yet have a significant record of performance in concrete, a comprehensive evaluation based on this Guide should be undertaken, and it should be recognized that this ASCM might be introduced for a specific project or into a limited marketplace to initially demonstrate its performance. The user should bear in mind the intended end use of the ASCM and use appropriate test methods to establish its suitability. An ASCM that demonstrates good performance through a comprehensive evaluation as outlined in this guide could then be considered to have access to broader markets and could be considered for inclusion in an ASTM standard for SCM. For this reason, the test program to demonstrate acceptable performance should include concrete mixtures with a range of characteristics specific to the ASCM’s intended use.  
4.3 In the absence of long-term durability or acceptable field performance, prospective users are advised to apply appropriate risk management and engineering practice in the use of an ASCM.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide a technical approach to the evaluation of alternative supplementary cementitious materials such as pozzolans and hydraulic materials that fall outside the scope of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. This guide provides the initial steps for a comprehensive evaluation of an ASCM that provides due diligence for its specific intended uses in concrete; however, it does not evaluate conformance to all possible performance criteria for all types of concrete mixtures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Performing the tests or meeting the test limits in this guide should not imply that the material tested meets the requirements of Specifications C618, C989/C989M, C1240, and C1866/C1866M. These materials should not be represented as such and each specific source is to be evaluated separately.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1753/C1753M-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Evaluating Early Hydration of Hydraulic Cementitious Mixtures Using Thermal Measurements

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of assessing the relative early hydration performance of various test mixtures compared with control mixtures that are prepared in a similar manner.  
5.2 Thermal profiles are used to evaluate the hydration behavior of hydraulic cementitious mixtures after the addition of water. They may provide indications concerning setting characteristics, compatibility of different materials, sulfate balance, relative heat of hydration, and early strength development. They can be used to evaluate the effects of compositions, proportions, and time of addition of materials as well as the initial mixture and test temperatures. Thermal profile testing is an effective tool for identifying performance sensitivities or trends, and may help to reduce the number of concrete test mixtures required to develop and qualify mixtures, especially those to be subject to variable ambient environments. It may be used by concrete producers, materials suppliers, and other practitioners to support mixture development, selection of material types or sources, optimization of proportions, or troubleshooting of field problems.  
5.3 This practice can be used to understand concrete problems related to slump loss, setting, and early strength, but results may not predict field concrete performance. Performance verification with concrete is needed to quantify the trends identified using thermal testing.  
5.4 This practice can be used to evaluate the effects of chemical admixtures on the thermal profiles of cementitious mixtures. This can be especially useful in selecting dosages appropriate for different ambient conditions.  
5.5 Thermal measurement testing as described in this practice may have similar significance and use as isothermal calorimetry described by Practice C1679 or some types of near-adiabatic calorimetry. The selection of which practice or methods to use may depend on specific applications and circumstances. The thermal profiles obtained by this practic...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating relative differences in early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures such as paste, mortar, or concrete, including those containing chemical admixtures, various supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and other finely divided materials, by measuring the temperature history of a specimen.  
1.2 Calorimetry is the measurement of heat lost or gained during a chemical reaction such as cement hydration; calorimetric measurements as a function of time can be used to describe and evaluate hydration and related early-age property development. Calorimetry may be performed under isothermal conditions (as described in Practice C1679) or under adiabatic or semi-adiabatic conditions. This practice cannot be described as calorimetry because no attempt is made to measure or compute the heat evolved from test specimens due to hydration, but it can in many cases be used for similar evaluations. Variables that should be considered in the application of this practice are discussed in the Appendix.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
1.5 This...

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ASTM
ASTM C1697-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers blended supplementary cementitious materials that result from the blending or intergrinding of two or three ASTM compliant supplementary cementitious materials, for use in concrete or mortar where hydraulic or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired. The supplementary cementitious materials include slag cement conforming to Specification C989/C989M, natural pozzolans and coal fly ash conforming to Specification C618 and silica fume conforming to Specification C1240.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials as separate additions or as a manufactured blend may significantly alter the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The user should be aware of these changes and is referred to the ACI Manual of Concrete Practice2 for information and guidelines. Specific reference is made to:    
ACI 232.1R  
Use of Natural Pozzolans in Concrete  
ACI 232.2R  
Use of Fly Ash in Concrete  
ACI 233R  
Slag Cement in Concrete and Mortar  
ACI 234R  
Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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