ASTM E2598/E2598M-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Cast iron Yankee dryers can be up to 6.7 m [22 ft] in diameter, 7.3 m [24 ft] long, and weigh 91 000 Kg [100 tons], or more (refer to Fig. 1). Vessel thickness measurements are available from the paper/tissue machine operator. Cast iron is a brittle metal and has no specific yield point. Yankee dryers must maintain specific dimensional tolerances. When a pressurized Yankee or steam heated paper dryer (SHPD) remains stationary, it fills with condensate at a rapid rate. In an hour, a steam pressurized Yankee or SHPD can fill half way with condensate, doubling the weight on the frame, and the floor. Some Yankee owners have corporate requirements that a cast iron Yankee dryer remain stationary for 1/2 h, then rotation is required. Permission is required, if the Yankee is to remain stationary for more time. This issue should be discussed with the responsible person prior to the examination.
FIG. 1 Yankee Dryer Drum
5.2 Yankee dryers operate under a heated hood. The hood is in close proximity to the Yankee shell and allows only inches of clearance for the top half of the vessel.
5.3 Cast iron steam heated paper machine dryers are 2 m [6 ft] in diameter, or more, and may be 9 m [30 ft] long.
5.4 Grey cast iron experiences a continuing reduction in elastic modulus as it is stressed to increasing higher levels. It is prudent not to stress grey cast iron material beyond its operating stress level.
5.5 Flaws to be found are the same as those in any cast and machined product. Attempts have been made to characterize strength properties of cast irons in compact tension tests. In a TAPPI sponsored laboratory study, two out of three cast iron compact tension specimens experienced unplanned failures. From that experience it was cautioned that cracks initiated and grew faster than expected resulting in brittle fracture before the process could be halted. The failure of these two coupons demonstrated the rate in which cracks can grow in these materials and the mater...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is no longer being updated but is being retained for historical value due to the procedures herein that are unique to the AE community.
1.2 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acoustic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated Paper Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and paperboard products.
1.3 This practice requires pressurization to levels used during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be high temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down periods of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope of this document.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance of acoustic emission sources.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2598/E2598M − 21
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and
1
Steam Heated Paper Dryers
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2598/E2598M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This practice is no longer being updated but is being
retained for historical value due to the procedures herein that
2. Referenced Documents
are unique to the AE community.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 Thispracticeprovidesguidelinesforcarryingoutacous-
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for
tic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated
Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650°F
Paper Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and
(350°C)
paperboard products.
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3 This practice requires pressurization to levels used
Testing
during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be
E569/E569MPractice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of
high temperature steam, air, or gas.The dryer is also subjected
Structures During Controlled Stimulation
to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down
E650Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
periods of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected
Sensors
during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope
E976GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
of this document.
Emission Sensor Response
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive E2374Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
testing (NDT) may be used to further evaluate the significance Verification
of acoustic emission sources. 3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch- SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
Testing Personnel
values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva- ANSI/ASNT CP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
lents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
system shall be used independently of the other, and values
from the two systems shall not be combined.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general termi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
nology applicable to this practice.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Practice
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Each mounted sensor, on the cast iron vessel, monitors
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
while the vessel is stationary and pressurized to normal
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
operating pressure.The vessel may be at ambient, or operating
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
120°C–230°C [250°F–450°F] temperature.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Acoustic Emission Method. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2598/E2598M – 13. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
DOI: 10.1520/E2598_E2598M-21. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2598/E2598M − 21
4.2 Each mounted AE sensor is connected to an acoustic strength properties of cast irons in compact tension tests. In a
emission signal processor.After a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2598/E2598M − 13 E2598/E2598M − 21
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Cast Iron Yankee and
1
Steam Heated Paper Dryers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2598/E2598M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is no longer being updated but is being retained for historical value due to the procedures herein that are unique
to the AE community.
1.2 This practice provides guidelines for carrying out acoustic emission (AE) examinations of Yankee and Steam Heated Paper
Dryers (SHPD) of the type to make tissue, paper, and paperboard products.
1.3 This practice requires pressurization to levels used during normal operation. The pressurization medium may be high
temperature steam, air, or gas. The dryer is also subjected to significant stresses during the heating up and cooling down periods
of operation. Acoustic Emission data maybe collected during these time periods but this testing is beyond the scope of this
document.
1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect, as well as, localize emission sources. Other methods of nondestructive testing (NDT)
may be used to further evaluate the significance of acoustic emission sources.
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
used independently of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
standards.shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A278/A278M Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts for Temperatures Up to 650 °F (350 °C)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2021. Published January 2013December 2021. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as E2598E2598/E2598M - 07.– 13. DOI: 10.1520/E2598_E2598-13.10.1520/E2598_E2598M-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2598/E2598M − 21
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E569E569/E569M Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general terminology applicable to this practice.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Each mounted sensor, on the cast iron vessel, monitors while the vessel is stationary and pressurized to normal operating
pressure. The vessel may be at ambient, or operating 120°C-230°C [250°F-450°
...
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