ASTM D92-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can indicate gasoline contamination.
5.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
5.5 The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
Note 1: The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79 °C (175 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F) except fuel oils.
Note 2: This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small but significant concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79 °C (175 °F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D92 − 18 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T48
DIN 51 376
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79 °C (175 °F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49 °C (120 °F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope* 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthedeterminationoftheflash
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual
information only.
Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open
cup apparatus.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
NOTE 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not
commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flamma- onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
bility temperature may be desired.
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
with flash points above 79 °C (175 °F) and below 400 °C
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
(752 °F) except fuel oils.
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
NOTE 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the
in their location.
determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the
flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
but significant concentrations of lower flash point substances that may
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
employed if the flash point is known to be below 79 °C (175 °F).
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and
11.2.4.
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, this test method is under the
jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D92 – 16b. DOI:
10.1520/D0092-18. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D92 − 16b D92 − 18 American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T48
DIN 51 376
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D92; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79 °C (175 °F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49 °C (120 °F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland
open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
NOTE 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly
specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79 °C (175 °F) and below 400 °C (752 °F)
except fuel oils.
NOTE 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points
of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small but significant
concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be employed if the flash point
is known to be below 79 °C (175 °F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous materialsubstance that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, may has been demonstrated to be
hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury
containing mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware (SDS) for additional informa-
tion. The potential exists that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products in your state or country may be prohibited by
law.or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their
location.
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP
standard in 1965.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016July 1, 2018. Published February 2017August 2018. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D92
– 16a.16b. DOI: 10.1520/D0092-16B.10.1520/D0092-18.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D92 − 18
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety c
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