ASTM F2004-03
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
Standard Test Method for Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by Thermal Analysis
SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2004–03
Standard Test Method for
Transformation Temperature of Nickel-Titanium Alloys by
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Thermal Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope on heating. Release of energy due to a phase transformation in
the specimen results in an exothermic peak on cooling.
1.1 This test method defines procedures for determining the
transformation temperatures of nickel-titanium shape memory
5. Significance and Use
alloys.
5.1 Differential scanning calorimetry provides a rapid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
method for determining the transformation temperature(s) of
standard.
nickel-titanium shape memory alloys.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 This test method uses small, stress-free, annealed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
samplestodeterminewhetherasampleofnickel-titaniumalloy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
containing nominally 54.5 to 56.5 % nickel by weight is
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
austenitic or martensitic at a particular temperature. Since
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chemical analysis of these alloys does not have sufficient
2. Referenced Documents precision to determine the transformation temperature by
measuring the nickel to titanium ratio of the alloy, direct
2.1 ASTM Standards:
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measurement of the transformation temperature of an annealed
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
sample of known thermal history is recommended.
E 967 Practice for Temperature Calibration of Differential
5.3 This test method is useful for quality control, specifica-
Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyz-
2
tion acceptance, and research.
ers
5.4 Transformation temperatures derived from differential
E 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Proper-
2
scanning calorimetry (DSC) may not agree with those obtained
ties
byothertestmethodsduetotheeffectsofstrainandloadonthe
F 2005 Terminology for Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory
3 transformation.
Alloys
6. Interferences
3. Terminology
6.1 Make sure the material to be tested is homogeneous
3.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
since milligram sample quantities are used.
found in Terminologies E 473, E 1142, and F 2005.
6.2 Take care in preparing the sample. Cutting and grinding
4. Summary of Test Method
can cause cold work, which affects the transformation tempera-
ture. Oxidation during heat treatment can change the thermal
4.1 This test method involves heating and cooling a test
conductance of the sample.
specimen at a controlled rate in a controlled environment
6.3 Set the gas flow to provide adequate thermal conductiv-
through the temperature interval of the phase transformation.
ity in the test cell.
The difference in heat flow between the test material and a
reference material due to energy changes is continuously
7. Apparatus
monitored and recorded. Absorption of energy due to a phase
7.1 Use a differential scanning calorimeter capable of heat-
transformation in the specimen results in an endothermic peak
ing and cooling at rates up to 10°C/min and of automatically
recording the differential energy input between the specimen
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical and the reference to the required sensitivity and precision.
and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
7.2 Use sample capsules or pans composed of aluminum or
F04.15 on Material Test Methods.
other inert material of high thermal conductivity.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
7.3 Use helium gas purge supply. See 10.3.1.
published in 2000. Last previous edition published in 2000 as F 2004 – 00.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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F2004–03
7.4 Use an analytical balance with a capacity of 100 mg
capable of weighing to the nearest 0.1 mg.
8. Sampling
8.1 Use a sample size of 25 to 45 mg. Cut the sample to
maximize surface contact with the (DSC) sample pan.
8.2 Anneal the sample at 800 to 850°C for 15 to 60 min in
vacuum or inert atmosphere, or in air with adequate protection
from oxidation. Rapidly cool the sample to prevent precipita-
tion of phases which may change tr
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