ASTM D8445-22a
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure
Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The demand for SPF insulation in homes and commercial buildings has increased as emphasis on energy efficiency increases. In an effort to protect the health and safety of both trade workers and building occupants due to the application of SPF, it is essential that reentry/reoccupancy-times into the structure where SPF has been applied, be established.
5.2 Concentrations of chemical emissions determined in large-scale ventilated enclosure studies conducted by this practice may be used to generate source emission terms for IAQ models.
5.3 The emission factors determined using this practice may be used to evaluate comparability and scalability of emission factors determined in other environments.
5.4 This practice was designed to determine emission factors for chemicals emitted by SPF insulation in a controlled room environment.
5.5 New or existing formulations may be sprayed, and emissions may be evaluated by this practice. The user of this practice is responsible for ensuring analytical methods are appropriate for novel compounds present in new formulations (see Appendix X1 for target compounds and generic formulations).
5.6 This practice may be useful for testing variations in emissions from non-ideal applications. Examples of non-ideal applications include those that are off-ratio, applied outside of recommended range of temperature and relative humidity, or applied outside of manufacturer recommendations for thickness.
5.7 The determined emission factors are not directly applicable to all potential real-world applications of SPF. While this data can be used for VOCs to estimate indoor environmental concentrations beyond three days, the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations increases with increasing time. Estimating longer term chemical concentrations (beyond three days) for SVOCs is not recommended unless additional data (beyond this practice) is used, see (1).4
5.8 During the application of SPF, chemicals deposited on the non-applie...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.
1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for the durati...
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8445 − 22a
Standard Practice for
Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane
Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated
1
Enclosure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC
emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the
the duration of data collection.
chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam
1.7 Four quantification methods are described for isocya-
(SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.
nates.Themethodchosenshouldconsidersafetyissuessuchas
flammability, the expected concentration, the presence of
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and
isocyanateaerosolduringthephaseofinterest(duringandpost
factors during SPF application and up to three days following
application), and if the tested SPF is high or low pressure.
application.
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for
1.8 This practice references similar standard practices for
research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform
design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-
potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and
scale chambers for chemical emission testing.
re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet
1.9 This practice references methods for the collection and
manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formu-
analysis of air samples.
lation.
1.10 This practice applies to two-component open cell and
1.4 Thispracticedescribesemissiontestingatambientroom
closed cell SPF insulation system formulations that are pro-
and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions
cessed using high-pressure or low-pressure installation pro-
recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room
cessing practices and equipment.
and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emis-
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
sions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
potential health and regulatory concern including methylene
standard.
diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligo-
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
meric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. The application
and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although
of SPF in a ventilated enclosure has the potential to generate
specificchemicalsarediscussedinthispractice,otherchemical
a hazardous condition putting the individual responsible for
compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound
sprayinginsertsatrisk.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthis
and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical
standard to establish appropriate health and safety procedures
compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and
and require appropriate certified personal protective equip-
surfactantsarenotaddressedbythispractice.Particulatesizing
ment (PPE) to minimize chemical exposure. Individuals enter-
and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.
ing the ventilated enclosure during and after SPF application,
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from
for any amount of time, are expected to wear appropriate PPE.
airphaseconcentrationmeasurementsthatmayincludeparticle
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
1.14 This international standard was developed in accor-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
approved in 2022. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D8445– 22. DOI
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8445 − 22 D8445 − 22a
Standard Practice for
Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane
Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated
1
Enclosure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds
(VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential
reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer
guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.
1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions
recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential
health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocya-
nates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are
discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation
list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by
this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound
chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates
should only be used for modeling purposes for the duration of data collection.
1.7 Four quantification methods are described for isocyanates. The method chosen should consider safety issues such as
flammability, the expected concentration, the presence of isocyanate aerosol during the phase of interest (during and post
application), and if the tested SPF is high or low pressure.
1.8 This practice references similar standard practices for design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-scale
chambers for chemical emission testing.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved May 1, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally approved in 2022. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D8445 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/D8445-22.10.1520/D8445-22A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8445 − 22a
1.9 This practice references methods for the collection and analysis of air samples.
1.10 This practice applies to two-component open cell and closed cell SPF insulation system formulations that are processed using
high-pressure or low-pressure installation processing practices and equipment.
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. The application of SPF
in a ventilated enclosure has the potential to generate a hazardous condition putting the individual responsible for spraying inserts
at risk. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety procedures and require
appropriate certified personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize chemical exposure. Individuals entering the ventilated
enclosure during and after SPF application, for any amount of time, are expected to wear appropriate PP
...
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