ASTM D4964-96(2012)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing loop tension and elongation of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method D1775 because of the differences in testing machines. Test Method D1775 uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
5.3 The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments, brassieres, and swimsuits.
5.4 Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be compared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension, maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications are compa...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine. Note 1—For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at which the test results will be determined.
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and drying cycles to be used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D4964 − 96(Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-
of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—A reference in 9.2.1 and the explanation for variable E in 12.1.1 were corrected editorially in March 2013.
1. Scope D1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
Elastic Fabrics (Withdrawn 2000)
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tension and
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
elongation of wide or narrow elastic fabrics made from natural
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with
Methods
other textile yarns, when tested with a constant-rate-of-
extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—For determination of similar testing using the constant-rate-
3.1 For all terminology related to Subcommittee D13.59 on
of-load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D1775.
Fabric Test Methods, General, see Terminology D4850.
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or
3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
mutual agreement upon, loop tension(s) and elongation(s) at
constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine (CRE),
which the test results will be determined.
constant-rate-or-load tensile testing machine (CRL), elastic
1.3 Laundering procedures require mutual agreement on the
fabric, elongation, extension, extension-recovery cycle, force,
selection of temperature and number of washing cycles and
loop tension, narrow elastic fabric, tension, tension-recovery
drying cycles to be used.
chart, tension test, wide elastic fabric.
1.4 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to
3.3 FordefinitionsofallothertextiletermsseeTerminology
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
D123.
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system
must be used independently of the other, without combining
4. Summary of Test Method
values in any way.
4.1 Loop Tension at Specified Elongation(s)—Aconditioned
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
machine. The specimen is then extended at a specified rate to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a specified loop tension, and returned at a specified rate to zero
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a total of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
threecycles.Duringthetest,extension-recoverycurvesmaybe
plotted by an automatic recorder for all or only the third cycle.
2. Referenced Documents
The tension at specified percent elongation(s) is calculated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles instrument.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4.2 Elongation at Specified Loop Tension—A conditioned
loop specimen is mounted in a CRE-type tensile testing
machine. The specimen is then loaded at a specified rate to a
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
specified loop tension, and unloaded at a specified rate to zero
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
loop tension. The cycle is repeated two more times to give a
General.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally total of three cycles. During the test, tension-recovery curves
ε2
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4964 – 96(2008) .
maybeplottedbyanautomaticrecorderforalloronlythethird
DOI: 10.1520/D4964-96R12E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4964 − 96 (2012)
cycle. The elongation at a specified loop tension is calculated 6. Apparatus
from the graph of the third cycle or obtained from the 4
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE-Type, conforming to
instrument.
Specification D76, equipped with an automatic recording
device and cycling controls.
5. Significance and Use
6.2 Band Clamps, to hold loop specimen during testing.The
diameter of the anvils will be 13.06 0.25 mm (0.5 6 0.01 in.)
5.1 This test method for testing loop tension and elongation
or 6.56 0.25 mm (0.25 6 0.01 in.).The length of the anvil will
of elastic fabrics is considered satisfactory for acceptance
not be less than 76 mm (3.0 in.).
testing of commercial shipments of elastic fabrics because the
test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
6.3 Sewing Machine Single-Needle.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
7. Sampling
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct
at random the number of rolls of fabric as directed in an
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
applicable material specification or other agreement between
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is
thepurchaserandthesupplier.Considerrollsoffabrictobethe
recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the
primary sampling units.
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
between rolls of fabric, and the variability between specimens from a
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
swatch from a roll of fabric, to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
compared using student’s t-test for unpaired data and an quality level.
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
the testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be
tance testing, take a full width swatch,2m(2yd) long, from
found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must
the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first
agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the
discarding a minimum of1m(1yd)of fabric from the very
known bias.
outside of the roll.
7.3 Test Specimens—Take test specimens as follows:
5.2 This test method specifies the use of the CRE-type
7.3.1 Wide Elastic Fabrics—If the purchaser and the sup-
tensile testing machine. Users of this test method are cautioned
plier agree to test the fabric in only one direction, cut five
that loop tension test data obtained using this method are not
specimens from each swatch in the laboratory sample with the
comparable to tension test data obtained using Test Method
long dimension of the specimens parallel to the direction of
D1775 because of the differences in testing machines. Test
test. If the purchaser and the supplier agree to test the fabric in
Method D1775 uses a CRL-type tensile testing machine.
both directions, from each full-width swatch in the laboratory
5.3 The loop tension and extension relationship of an elastic sample, cut five specimens parallel to the long dimension and
fabric is an important criterion for judging the suitability of the five specimens perpendicular to the long dimension. Speci-
mens should be spaced along a diagonal to allow for represen-
fabric for various end uses, such as: foundation garments,
tation in each specimen of different warp and filling areas, or
brassieres, and swimsuits.
waleandcourseareas.Takenospecimensnearerthanonetenth
5.4 Data from loop tension-recovery curves can be com-
of the fabric width from the selvage.
pared only if the tension testing machine, rate-of-extension,
7.3.2 Narrow Elastic Fabric—Cutfivespecimensfromeach
maximum loading (or extension), and specimen specifications
swatch in the laboratory sample. For narrow knitted or woven
are comparable. Since different machine set-ups will cause
elastic fabrics that are more than 75 mm (3 in.) wide, the
different results on the same fabric, machine set-ups must
purchaser and the supplier may agree to (1) use specimens of
always be specified before making a test and be reported with
the widths specified in 8.1.1 for wide elastic fabrics of
the test results.
comparable construction, or (2) if wide clamps are available,
use full-width specimens.
5.5 The test for measuring loop tension at specified elonga-
tion(s) is used to determine the tension of an elastic fabric
8. Preparation of Test Specimens
when subjected to a specified elongation which is less than the
8.1 Cut specimens as directed below:
elongation required to rupture the fabric. The test prescribes
8.1.1 Wide Elastic Fabric—Cut specimens 350 by 100 mm
points of measurement on the extending (outgoing) cycle only.
(14 by 4 in.). Trim, or ravel woven fabrics by taking yarns
alternately from the two sides, to a width as near 75 62mm
5.6 The test for measuring elongation at specified tension(s)
is used to determine the elongation of an elastic fabric when
subjected to a specified loop tension which is less than the
For additional information on obtaining apparatus, equipment, or supplies that
tensionrequiredtorupturethefabric.Thetestprescribespoints
may be suitable for use in this standard, please visit the ASTM Manufacturers’
of measurement on the loading (outgoing) cycle only. Equipment Directory at www.astm.org.
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D4964 − 96 (2012)
(3 6 0.05 in.), as possible. If fabrics are ravelled to obtain the
specimen width, specimens should contain the same number of
yarns in the testing direction.
8.1.2 Narrow Elastic F
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