ASTM D4511-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity of Essentially Saturated Peat
Standard Test Method for Hydraulic Conductivity of Essentially Saturated Peat
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of hydraulic conductivity determined by this test method may be useful in making rough preliminary estimates of the initial rates of drainage and compression of peat deposits when the only effective stress increase on the deposit is that resulting from a moderate, gradual lowering of the water table.
Even under light, sustained loads, peat will undergo dramatic volume changes that influence (decrease) the hydraulic conductivity of the deposit by several orders of magnitude. This test method does not offer provisions for the determination of the relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the void ratios corresponding to increasing stress levels. Therefore, this test method is not suitable for applications involving grade increases, such as embankment construction or placement of access berms alongside drainage ditches.
Undisturbed specimens from apparently homogeneous peat deposits at the same location often exhibit significantly different hydraulic conductivity properties due to variations in material composition and sampling procedure.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of essentially saturated, intact cylindrical specimens of peat when the hydraulic conductivity is greater than 1 × 10−7 m/s (1 × 10−5 cm/s). During the test, the specimens are contained in the core holder, or in right, regular cylindrical sections cut from the sampling tube in which they were originally obtained in the field.
1.2 Hydraulic conductivity is calculated on the basis of the measured constant flow rate through the specimen under constant head. For verification, flow rate determinations may be made at two or more values of constant head with corresponding calculations of hydraulic conductivity.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4511 − 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydraulic Conductivity of Essentially Saturated Peat
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
methods for engineering design.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hy-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
draulic conductivity (permeability) of essentially saturated,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
intact cylindrical specimens of peat when the hydraulic con-
−7 −5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ductivity is greater than1×10 m/s (1 × 10 cm/s). During
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the test, the specimens are contained in the core holder, or in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
right,regularcylindricalsectionscutfromthesamplingtubein
which they were originally obtained in the field.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 Hydraulic conductivity is calculated on the basis of the
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measured constant flow rate through the specimen under
2 D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
constant head. For verification, flow rate determinations may
Fluids
be made at two or more values of constant head with
D1587Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for
corresponding calculations of hydraulic conductivity.
Geotechnical Purposes
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
D2434Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
(Constant Head)
mathematical conversions, which are provided for information
D2974Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matter
purposes only and are not considered standard.
of Peat and Other Organic Soils
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational
D3740Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
systemofunits.Inthissystem,thepound(lbf)representsaunit
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma)
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
calculations are involved.
Samples
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
guideforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPractice ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
D6026. Construction Materials Testing
1.4.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/ D6026Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the Data
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the 2.2 NRC Document:
4
significant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-
Peat Testing Manual
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
3. Terminology
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-
ations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of terms in this
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 deaerated (de-aired) water—water in which the
1 amount of dissolved gas (air) has been reduced.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic
Properties and Hydraulic Barriers.
3
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approvedin1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2006asD4511–00(2006).DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D4511-11. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Forfurtherinformation,see“MethodsforMeasurementofSaturatedHydraulic the ASTM website.
4
Conductivity,” Peat Testing Manual, Technical Memorandum No. 125, NRC National Research Council of Canada, Publications Section, Building R–88,
Canada, pp. 80–84. Ottawa, Canada K1A 0R6. Out of print.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4511–00 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D4511 – 11
Standard Test Method for
1
Hydraulic Conductivity of Essentially Saturated Peat
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4511; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability) of essentially saturated, intact
−7 −5
cylindrical specimens of peat when the hydraulic conductivity is greater than 1 3 10 m/s (1 3 10 cm/s). During the test, the
specimens are contained in the core holder, or in right, regular cylindrical sections cut from the sampling tube in which they were
originally obtained in the field.
1.2 Hydraulic conductivity is calculated on the basis of the measured constant flow rate through the specimen under constant
2
head. For verification, flow rate determinations may be made at two or more values of constant head with corresponding
calculations of hydraulic conductivity.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard.
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of
force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are
involved.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.4.1The1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as
theindustrystandard.Inaddition,theyarerepresentativeofthesignificantdigitsthatshouldgenerallyberetained.Theprocedures
useddonotconsidermaterialvariation,purposeforobtainingthedata,specialpurposestudies,oranyconsiderationsfortheuser’s
objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these
considerations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisstandardtoconsidersignificantdigitsusedinanalysismethodsforengineeringdesign.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head)
D2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D4753 GuideforEvaluating,Selecting,andSpecifyingBalancesandStandardMassesforUseinSoil,Rock,andConstruction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.04 on Hydrologic Properties
and Hydraulic Barriers.
Current edition approved Feb.Nov. 1, 2006.2011. Published March 2006.January 2012. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as
D4511–00.D4511–00(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4511-00R06.10.1520/D4511-11.
2
For further information, see “Methods for Measurement of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity,” Peat Testing Manual, Technical Memorandum No. 125, NRC Canada,
pp. 80–84.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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