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ASTM A1047/A1047M-05(2009)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing

Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When permitted by a specification or the order, this test method may be used for detecting leaks in tubing in lieu of the air underwater pressure test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for the leak testing of tubing using pneumatic pressure. This test method involves measuring the change in pressure inside the tubing over time. There are three procedures that may be used, all of which are intended to be equivalent. It is a qualitative not a quantitative test method. Any of the three procedures are intended to be capable of leak detection and, as such, are intended to be equivalent for that purpose.
1.2 The procedures will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This test may be performed in accordance with the Pressure Differential (Procedure A), the Pressure Decay (Procedure B), or the Vacuum Decay (Procedure C) method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2009
ICS
23.040.99 - Other pipeline components
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.10 - Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A1047/A1047M-05 - Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Replaced By
ASTM A1047/A1047M-05(2014) - Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM A498/A498M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger Tubes with Integral Fins
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM A1119/A1119M-23a - Standard Specification for Welded Partially Corrugated Stainless Steel Tube for Potable Water and General Service
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM A1016/A1016M-18a - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Tubes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM B751-21 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welded Tube
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM A450/A450M-21 - Standard Specification for General Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Tubes
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM B891/B891M-19 - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes with Enhanced Surface for Improved Heat Transfer
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009

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ASTM A1047/A1047M-05(2009) - Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of TubingASTM A1047/A1047M-05(2009) - Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing
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ASTM A1047/A1047M-05(2009) - Standard Test Method for Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A1047/A1047M − 05(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Pneumatic Leak Testing of Tubing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1047/A1047M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The definitions in Specification A1016/
1.1 Thistestmethodprovidesproceduresfortheleaktesting
A1016M are applicable to this test method.
of tubing using pneumatic pressure. This test method involves
measuring the change in pressure inside the tubing over time.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
There are three procedures that may be used, all of which are
3.2.1 actual starting pressure (P actual)—theactualstaring
0
intended to be equivalent. It is a qualitative not a quantitative
pressure at time zero on each test cycle.
test method. Any of the three procedures are intended to be
3.2.2 calibration hole—a device (such as a crimped
capable of leak detection and, as such, are intended to be
capillary,oratubecontainingaholeproducedbylaserdrilling)
equivalent for that purpose.
certified to be of the specified diameter.
1.2 The procedures will produce consistent results upon
3.2.3 control volume—fixed volume that is pressurized to
which acceptance standards can be based. This test may be
compare against an identical pressure contained in one tube
performed in accordance with the Pressure Differential (Pro-
under test.
cedure A), the Pressure Decay (Procedure B), or the Vacuum
3.2.4 electronic control device (ECD)—anelectronicsystem
Decay (Procedure C) method.
to accumulate input from limit switches and transmitters
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
providing corresponding outputs to solenoid valves, acoustic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
alarm devices, and visual displays
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 pressure change (∆ P)—the smallest pressure change
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in a tube, reliably detected by a pressure sensitive transmitter.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.6 pressure sensitive transmitters—pressure measuring
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
and signaling devices that detect extremely small changes in
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
pressure, either between two tubes, a tube and a control
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
volume, or a tube and the ambient atmosphere.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2.7 reference standard—a tube or container containing a
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. calibration hole. The calibration hole may either be in a full
length tube, or in a short device attached to the tube or
1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
container.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.8 starting pressure (P )—the test starting pressure set in
0
2 the test apparatus ECD.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.9 theoretical hole—a hole that will pass air at a theo-
A1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements for
reticalrateasdefinedbytheequationsgiveninAppendixX1.2.
Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stainless
Steel Tubes
3.2.10 threshold pressure (P )—test ending pressure limit
T
after the allowed test time; the pressure value that must be
crossed to determine reject status. P = P actual – ∆ P for
T 0
1 pressure decay, and P = P actual + ∆P for vacuum decay.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, T 0
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.
4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published February 2010. Originally
4.1 Procedure A, Pressure Differential,measuresthedropin
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A1047/A1047M – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/A1047_A1047M-05R09.
pressure over time as a result of air escaping from inside one
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tubewhencomparedtoanothertubeatanidenticalpressure,or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
one tube against a control volume at identical pressure. (See
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Refs (1) and (2))
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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5.1 When permitted by a specification or the order, this test method may be used for detecting leaks in tubing in lieu of the air underwater pressure test.
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1.1 This test method provides procedures for the leak testing of tubing using pneumatic pressure. This test method involves measuring the change in pressure inside the tubing over time. There are three procedures that may be used, all of which are intended to be equivalent. It is a qualitative not a quantitative test method. Any of the three procedures are intended to be capable of leak detection and, as such, are intended to be equivalent for that purpose.  
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5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.  
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1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing the sources of gas leaking at the rate of 1 × 10 −8 Pa m3/s (1 × 10−9  standard-cm3/s at 0 °C) or greater. These test methods may be conducted on any object that can be evacuated and to the other side of which helium or other tracer gas may be applied. The object must be structurally capable of being evacuated to pressures of 0.1 Pa (approximately 10−3 torr).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.  
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:  
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and  
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.  
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.  
4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection in nat...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be in contact with natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and are applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impractical to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by Test Methods G8, G42, or G80. Coating sample configuration such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used, provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.2  
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified in the report.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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