ASTM F1867-98(2004)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
Standard Practice for Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm) in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and process piping.
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in Section of Specification F 1871.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 his standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 1867 – 98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Practice for
Installation of Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Rehabilitation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1867; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 2122 Test Method of Determining Dimensions of Ther-
moplastic Pipe and Fittings
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheproceduresfortherehabilitation
F 412 Terminology Relating To Plastic Piping Systems
of sewer lines and conduits 4 in. (102 mm) to 18 in. (457 mm)
F 1417 Test Method for Installation Acceptance of Plastic
in diameter by the insertion of a folded/formed PVC pipe that
Gravity Sewer Lines Using Low Pressure Air
is heated, pressurized, and expanded to conform to the wall of
F 1871 Specification for Folded/Formed Poly (Vinyl Chlo-
the original conduit forming a new structural pipe-within-a-
ride) Pipe Type A for Existing Sewer and Conduit Reha-
pipe. This rehabilitation process can be used in a variety of
bilitation
gravity applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers, and
2.2 Uni-Bell Standard:
process piping.
UNI-B-5-89 Recommended Practice for the Installation of
1.2 This practice is to be used with the material specified in
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe
Section 6 of Specification F 1871.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are provided
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
for information only.
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
minology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. The abbrevia-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion for poly(vinyl chloride) plastics is PVC.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 The term TYPEAis not an abbreviation but rather an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
arbitrary designation for PVC compounds with a minimum
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
value for modulus in tension as listed in 6.1 and a maximum
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.
value as defined by cell limit 1 of Specification D 1784.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dimples (dimpling), n—Where a side connection
2.1 ASTM Standards:
meetstheexistingconduit,thereisnosupportforthePVCpipe
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
during forming, causing a point of thermoplastic pipe expan-
D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
sion slightly beyond the existing pipe wall. This formation of
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
an external departure from the formed pipe wall is termed
D 790 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
dimpling.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
3.2.2 folded pipe, n—pipe that has been manufactured and
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
calibrated round, then subsequently cooled and deformed into
Plastics
a folded shape for use in existing sewer and conduit rehabili-
D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride)
tation (see Fig. 1).
(PVC)CompoundsAndChlorinatedPoly(VinylChloride)
3.2.3 formed field sample, n—A formed field sample is
(CPVC) Compounds
formedwhenthefoldedpipehasbeeninsertedintoamoldpipe
and expanded with steam heat and pressure, and, if required by
the manufacturer, with a squeegee or similar device to provide
This standard is under the jurisdiction of Committee F17 on Plastic Piping
Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless
a close fit to the mold pipe.
Plastic Pipeline Technology.
3.2.4 formed pipe, n—a folded pipe that has been inserted
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
intoanexistingsewerorconduitandexpandedwithsteamheat
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1867 – 98.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Uni-Bell PVC PipeAssociation, 2655 Villa Creek Drive, Suite
the ASTM website. 155, Dallas, TX 75234.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1867 – 98 (2004)
NOTE 1—This figure is intended only for clarification of terms specific to this practice and shows a representative folded pipe shape. Other folded pipe
shapes may meet the requirements of this practice.
FIG. 1 Folder Pipe and Formed Pipe—Clarification of Terms
and pressure, and, if required by the manufacturer, with a 5. Materials
squeegee device or similar device to provide a close fit to the
5.1 The folded/formed PVC liner pipe should be made from
existing pipe (see Fig. 1).
PVC compound, meeting all the requirements for cell classi-
3.2.5 insertion point, n—An existing manhole, existing
fication 12111-C as defined in Specification D 1784 and with
access shaft, or an excavation that serves as the point of
minimum physical properties as listed below:
entrance for the folded pipe into the existing pipe.
Tensile Strength Test Method 3600 PSI (25 MPa)
3.2.6 liner, n—PVC formed pipe fully functional as a pipe
D 638
Tensile Modulus Test Method 155 000 PSI (1069 MPa)
within a rehabilitated pipe.
D 638
3.2.7 squeegee or similar device, n—a device to sequen-
Flexural Strength Test Method 4100 PSI (28 MPa)
tially heat and expand the folded pipe to provide a close fit to
D 790
Flexural Modulus Test Method 145 000 PSI (1000 MPa)
the existing pipe.
D 790
3.2.8 termination point, n—An existing manhole, existing
Heat Deflection Test Method 115 °F (46 °C)
access shaft, or an excavated pit that serves as the point of exit
D 648
Temperature Tested at 264 (2 MPa)
of the folded pipe from the existing pipe.
psi
4. Significance and Use
5.1.1 Compounds meeting the above minimum properties
4.1 This practice is for use by designers, and specifies
that have different cell classifications because one or more
regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations in-
properties are greater to those of the specified compounds are
volved in the rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and con-
also acceptable, except modulus in tension shall not exceed
duits. Modifications may be required, depending on specific 280 000 psi.
job conditions, to establish a project specification. The manu-
5.2 Rework Material—Cleanreworkmaterialfromthistype
facturer of the product should be consulted for design and of pipe, generated from the manufacturer’s own pipe produc-
installation information. Industrial waste disposal lines should
tion may be used by the same manufacturer provided that the
be installed only with the specific approval of the cognizant rework material meets all the requirements of 5.1.
code authority, since chemicals not commonly found in drains
6. Installation Recommendations
and sewers and temperatures in excess of 140 °F (60 °C) may
be encountered. 6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
F 1867 – 98 (2004)
6.1.1 Access Safety—Prior to entering access areas such as enclosure should be designed so that hot air is continually
manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, exiting from it and not allowing ambient air to be drawn in.
an evaluation of the atmosphere to determine the presence of 6.2.2 A steel cable should be strung through the existing
toxicorflammablevaporsorlackofoxygenmustbeconducted conduit and attached to the beveled cut end of the folded pipe.
in accordance with local, state, or federal safety regulations. The folded pipe should be pulled with a power winch unit and
cable directly from the reel, through the insertion point, and
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be re-
through the existing pipe to the termination point and extend-
moved from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be
ing 4 ft (1.2 mm) beyond. The pulling force should be
cleaned with one or more of the following: hydraulically
monitored and limited to the allowable tensile stress of the
poweredequipment,highvelocityjetcleaners,ormechanically
folded pipe (50 % of yield at 212°F) times the pipe wall
powered equipment.
cross-sectional area.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipelines—The interior of the pipeline
6.2.3 After insertion is completed, the pipe should be
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any
secured at the termination end.
condition that may prevent proper installation of the folded
6.3 Expansion:
pipe, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed
6.3.1 Through the use of heat, pressure, and, if recom-
pipe, out-of-roundness, significant line sags, and deflected
mended by the manufacturer, the use of a squeegee or similar
joints. These conditions should be noted, and, if deemed
device, the folded pipe should be fully expanded. Temperature
necessary by the end-user, corrected prior to installation.
and pressure must be sufficient to overcome the extrusion
Inspection of pipelines should be performed by experienced
memory of the thermoplastic material. The manufacturer must
personnel trained in locating breaks, obstacles, and service
be consulted as to suggested temperature and pressure. Expan-
connections by closed circuit television.
sion pressures must be sufficient to press the PVC liner pipe
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be
against the wall of the existing conduit so as to neatly and
clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper insertion and
tightly fit the internal circumference of the existing line and to
expansion of the folded pipe. Such conditions require access at
form dimples at the service connections.
these points for termination and start of a new insertion.
Changes in pipe size may be accommodated, if the wall
NOTE 1—Folded pipe expansion pressures are typically in the range of
thickness of the liner pipe has been designed for expansion. 3 to 5 psi (20.6 to 34.4 kPa), but may vary based on field conditions.
Obstructions could include dropped or offset joints of more
6.3.2 If recommended by the manufacturer, and a squeegee
than 12.5 % of inside pipe diameter and service connections
or similar device is used for expansion, it should be propelled
that protrude into the pipe more than 12.5 % of the inside
at a controlled rate within the heated unfolded liner pipe,
diameter of 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater. Other
expandingthelinerpipeinaprogressivemanner,whichshould
obstructions may be reduction of the cross-sectional area of
notexceed4to6ftperminute(1.2to1.8m).Thisshouldallow
more than 14 % (based on the inside diameter of the existing
the water and air between the unfolded PVC liner pipe and
pipe), which may be the result of point repairs or patches, and
existing pipe to escape downstream as the squeegee device or
would prevent the folded pipe from totally and properly
similar device moves along.
forming. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be
6.3.3 Once the squeegee or similar device has reached the
removed by cleaning or rodding, then a point repair excavation
terminationpoint,orifexpansionisonlybytheuseofheatand
should be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruc-
pressure and the liner at the termination point has fully formed
tion. Typically, with bends along the pipe length in excess of
against the host pipe, the expansion pressure should be
30°, the manufacturer shall be consulted.
maintained for a minimum of 5 min to ensure the complete
6.1.5 Bypassing—If flow cannot be interrupted for the
expansion of the pipe at local deformities and to allow for
necessary duration, bypassing of flow is required around the
complete dimpling at side connections.
sections of the existing pipeline designated for rehabilitation.
6.3.4 Cool-down—The formed pipe should be cooled to a
The pump and bypass lines should be of adequate capacity and
temperaturebelow100°F(38°C)beforerelievingthepressure
size to handle any flows during the installation period. The
required to hold the PVC pipe against the existing pipe wall.
bypass should be made by plugging the line at the point
This cool-down procedure may take approximately one half to
upstream of the pipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow
one hour.
to a downstream point or adjacent system. Services within this 6.3.5 After the formed pipe has cooled down, the terminat-
work area will be temporarily out of service.
ing ends should be trimmed to a minimum of 3 in. (76.2 mm)
beyond the existing pipe as allowance for possible shrinkage
6.1.6 Public advisory services will be required to notify all
during cooling to ambient temperature.
parties whose service lateral will be out of commission and to
6.4 Service Connections—After the formed pipe has been
advise against water usage until the main line is back in
service. installed, the existing active service connections should be
reconnected, unless otherwise specified by the owner. This
6.2 Insertion:
should be done without excavation from the interior of the
6.2.1 The reel of folded pipe should be positioned near the
pipeline by means of a television camera and a remote control
insertion point. The end of the reel of folded pipe should be
device used to re-establish the service connections.
tapered and have holes drilled for the attachment of a pulling
head. If recommended by the manufacturer, the coil of folded
NOTE 2—In many cases, a seal is provided where the formed pipe
pipe may be heated to about 110°F prior to insertion. An dimples at service connections. If total elimination of infiltration and
F 1867 – 98 (2004)
inflowisdesired,othermeans,whicharebeyondthescopeofthispractice
termination point, or both, by installing the folded PVC pipe
may be necessary to seal service connections and to rehabilitate service
into a mold pipe.The mold pipe shall be of like diameter to the
lines and manholes.
existing pipe and should be a minimum of one diameter in
length. The following test procedures should be followed after
7. Inspection and Acceptance
the sample is expanded and cooled down as an integral part of
7.1 The installation may be inspected by closed-circuit
the folded PVC installation process and removed from the
television. The formed pipe should be con
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