ASTM D5228-92(2000)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Butane Working Capacity of Activated Carbon
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Butane Working Capacity of Activated Carbon
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the butane working capacity (BWC) of new granular activated carbon. The BWC is defined as the difference between the butane adsorbed at saturation and the butane retained per unit volume of carbon after a specified purge. The test method also produces a butane activity value that is defined as the total amount of butane adsorbed on the carbon sample and is expressed as a mass of butane per unit weight or volume of carbon.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 7.1.
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Designation:D 5228–92(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Butane Working Capacity of Activated
Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5228; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the butane 4.1 An activated carbon bed of known volume and mass is
working capacity (BWC) of new granular activated carbon. saturatedwithbutanevapor.Themassadsorbedatsaturationis
The BWC is defined as the difference between the butane noted. The carbon bed is then purged under prescribed condi-
adsorbed at saturation and the butane retained per unit volume tions with dry hydrocarbon free air. The loss of mass is the
of carbon after a specified purge. The test method also BWC and is expressed as mass of butane per unit volume of
produces a butane activity value that is defined as the total carbon.
amount of butane adsorbed on the carbon sample and is
5. Significance and Use
expressed as a mass of butane per unit weight or volume of
carbon. 5.1 The BWC, as determined by this test method, is a
measure of the ability of an activated carbon to adsorb and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the desorb butane from dry air under specified conditions. It is
useful for quality control and evaluation of granular activated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- carbons that are used in applications where the adsorption of
butane and desorption with dry air are of interest. The BWC
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
hazard statement, see 7.1. can also provide a relative measure of the effectiveness of the
tested activated carbons on other adsorbates.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 The butane activity and retentivity can also be deter-
2.1 ASTM Standards: minedundertheconditionsofthetest.Thebutaneactivityisan
D2652 Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon indication of the micropore volume of the activated carbon
D2854 Test Method for Apparent Density of Activated sample. The butane retentivity is an indication of the pore
Carbon structure of the activated carbon sample.
D2867 Test Method for Moisture in Activated Carbon
3 6. Apparatus
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
6.1 Water Bath,capableofmaintainingatemperatureof25°
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods 6 0.2°C and of sufficient depth so the entire carbon bed in the
sampletubeisimmersedinthewater.A6-mmODcoppertube
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to with an immersed length of 1.9 m (Fig. 1) provides adequate
heat transfer for gas temperature control.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6.2 Sample Tube, as shown in Fig. 2. The glass plate with
3. Terminology
holes is preferred to a fritted disk to support the carbon, since
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test fritted disks can vary widely in pressure drop.
method, refer to Terminology D2652. 6.3 Flow Meters, one capable of delivering air at 0 to 500
mL/min, and one capable of delivering butane at 0 to 500
mL/min, both calibrated in accordance with Practice D3195.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-28 on
6.4 Balance, capable of weighing to within 6 0.01 g.
Activated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on Gas
6.5 Fill Device—The vibration feed device used in Test
Phase Evaluation Tests.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1992. Published June 1992. Method D2854, Figs. 1 through 4, is preferred.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
6.6 Buret, Class A, 25 mL capacity.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.
6.7 Apparatus Assembly shown in Fig. 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
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D 5228–92 (2000)
NOTE 1—WARNING: Butane is a flammable gas with a flash point of
−138°C and a boiling point of 0.5°C. Its specific gravity is 2.046 relative
to air. Butane may be narcotic in high concentrations and is considered a
simple asphyxiant. If the entire apparatus is not set up in a fume hood,
provision must be made to vent the gas coming from the discharge stem
of the sample tube.
7.2 Dry Air, free of organics, with a dew point no higher
than −32°C.
8. Sampling
8.1 For guidance in sampling granular activated carbon,
refer to Practice E300.
9. Calibration of a Sample Tube
9.1 Clean and dry the sample tube to prevent any water
droplets from adhering to the inner surface of the tube.
9.2 Using distilled water, carefully fill the sample tube
throughthenarrowsidestemtopreventtheintroductionofany
air bubbles.
9.2.1 Holdthesampletubeuprightwhileslowlyintroducing
thedistilledwater.Airbubbleshaveatendencytoformdirectly
below the retainer plate of the tube.
9.3 Clamp the filled sample tube in an upright position to a
FIG. 1 Butane Working Capacity Apparatus Schematic
ring stand and stopper the narrow side stem.
9.4 Using a pipet, carefully remove the water from the
sample tube to the top of the retainer plate. Caution must be
taken so no water is removed from below the retainer plate
creating air bubbles that would result in a spurious calibration
of the sample tube. If this occurs, the tube must be refilled by
repeating 9.1 through 9.3.
9.5 Using the buret, fill the sample tube with 16.7 6 0.05
mL of water, then etch the tube at the level of the meniscus.
10. Maintenance of Bath Water
10.1 In order to prevent mold formation, the bath water
should be changed periodically.
11. Procedure
11.1 Dry an adequate sample as prescribed in Test Method
D2867, Section 4.
11.2 DeterminetheapparentdensityinaccordancewithTest
Method D2854 and record.
11.3 Accurately weigh the empty, dry sample tube and
stoppers to the nearest 0.01 g and record.
NOTE—1. Ground glass stopper, hollow, medium length, 14/20, from
11.4 Filltheadsorptiontubewithcarbontotheetchmarkat
Kontes Catalog No. K-89100 Schwartz adsorption tube, or equivalent.
a rate of 0.35 to 1.0 mL/s using the vibrating feeder apparatus
2. 5-mm rod, brace.
described in Test Method D2854 with a funnel modified to
3. 17-mm O.D. 3 1.2 mm standard wall tubing.
accommodatetheadsorptiontube.Largerparticleswillrequire
4. Co
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