ASTM D2095-96(2023)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.  
Note 1: An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives is Test Method D897.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2023
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.80 - Metal Bonding Adhesives

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D897-08(2016) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds
• Effective Date: 01-May-2016
• Refers: ASTM E4-14 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM D907-12a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D907-12 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM E104-02(2012) - Standard Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2012
• Refers: ASTM D907-11a - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Refers: ASTM D907-11 - Standard Terminology of Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2011
• Refers: ASTM E4-10 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2010
• Refers: ASTM E4-09a - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09b - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09be1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 15-May-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-09 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM E6-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM E4-08 - Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2008

Overview

ASTM D2095-96(2023) specifies the standard test method for determining the tensile strength of adhesives using bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is widely used for the analysis and comparison of adhesive performance under tension, providing essential data for specification acceptance, quality control, product development, and research in both similar and dissimilar adherend combinations. The method ensures standardized specimen preparation, conditioning, and testing, making it a reliable benchmark across a wide range of industries.

Key Topics

• Tensile Strength Measurement: Defines the procedure to measure the maximum tensile stress that an adhesive can sustain before rupture. Tested using bar or rod specimens bonded at their ends.
• Specimen Preparation: Details correct preparation and conditioning of specimens to ensure consistent and reproducible results. This includes using guidelines from related ASTM practices.
• Test Procedure:
  • Specimens are loaded in tension under controlled laboratory conditions.
  • The rate of loading and environmental factors are standardized for accuracy.
• Data Reporting: Specifies what information should be recorded, including adhesive and adherend identification, specimen dimensions, loading rates, tensile strength values, and failure mode characterization.
• Result Calculation: Provides formulas for calculating tensile strength, mean values, standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation for statistical analysis.
• Applicability: Suitable for adhesives bonded to a variety of materials, making it flexible for different product requirements and research needs.

Applications

• Specification Acceptance: Manufacturers and buyers use ASTM D2095-96(2023) to verify if adhesives meet performance criteria required by contracts and regulations.
• Manufacturing Control: Production lines utilize this standard to monitor adhesive batch consistency and ensure product quality during ongoing manufacturing.
• Service Evaluation: Engineers and designers rely on tensile strength data to predict adhesive behavior in real-world applications, especially in load-bearing joints.
• Research and Development: Laboratories use the method for adhesive formulation optimization and comparative analysis during product development and innovation.
• Quality Assurance: Provides a repeatable and recognized method for quality control testing of adhesive bonds, contributing to higher reliability in finished goods.
• Cross-Material Bonding: Supports evaluation of adhesives used in joints involving similar or dissimilar materials, which is crucial for sectors like automotive, aerospace, and construction.

Note: While ASTM D2095-96(2023) provides detailed methodology for tensile testing, it may not reflect adhesive performance in applications with loading conditions (rate, direction, type) that differ significantly from the test set-up.

Related Standards

When implementing the ASTM D2095-96(2023) test method for adhesives, the following related ASTM standards may also be relevant:

• ASTM D897: Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds (an alternative approach for tensile strength measurement).
• ASTM D907: Terminology of Adhesives (definitions and terminology for the adhesive industry).
• ASTM D2094: Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens for Adhesion Tests (specimen preparation details).
• ASTM E4: Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines (ensures testing machine accuracy).
• ASTM E104: Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Solutions (for specimen conditioning).

Summary

ASTM D2095-96(2023) is a critical standard for evaluating the tensile strength of adhesives using standardized bar and rod specimens, ensuring comparable, repeatable, and reliable results. Its structured test method supports a wide array of industries in optimizing adhesive selection, maintaining quality control, and meeting contractual and regulatory demands. Referencing related standards ensures full compliance and accuracy throughout the adhesive testing process.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2095 − 96 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Strength of Adhesives by Means of Bar and Rod
Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E104 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative
by Means of Aqueous Solutions
tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped
butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation,
3. Terminology
conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the
3.1 Many of the terms in this standard are defined in
testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either
Terminology D907.
similar or dissimilar combinations.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—An alternative test method for determining the tensile strength
3.2.1 tensile strength of an adhesive, n—the maximum
of adhesives is Test Method D897.
tensile stress which it is capable of sustaining. Tensile strength
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
is calculated from the maximum load during a tension test
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
carried to rupture and the original cross-sectional area of the
only.
specimen (see Terminology E6).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Tension tests are not considered significant for applications
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Apparatus
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Testing Machine—A testing machine capable of main-
2. Referenced Documents taining a specified rate of loading, with the error for indicated
loads that are to be measured not exceeding 61 % and the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
load-indicating mechanism essentially free of inertial lag at a
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive Bonds
specified rate of loading. Verify the accuracy of the testing
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
machine in accordance with Practices E4. Ensure that the
D2094 Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens
testing machine is provided with the following:
for Adhesion Tests
5.1.1 Fixed Member—A fixed or essentially stationary
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
member carrying one attachment fixture.
ing Machines
5.1.2 Movable Member—A movable member carrying a
second attachment fixture.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
5.1.3 Attachment Fixtures—Self-aligning type fixtures for
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.80 on Metal
holding a specimen between the fixed member and the movable
Bonding Adhesives.
member. Ensure that the fixtures are attached to the fixed and
Current edition approved May 1, 2023. Published May 2023. Originally
movable members in such a way that they will move into
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2095 – 96 (2015).
DOI: 10.1520/D2095-96R23.
alignment as soon as load is applied, so that the long axis of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
test specimen will coincide with the direction of the applied
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
load. A design for fixtures that has proven satisfactory is shown
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2095 − 96 (2023)
FIG. 1 Test Specimens and Attachment Fixtures
5.2 Conditioning Room or Desiccators—A conditioning
room capable of maintaining a relative humidity of 50 % 6
2 % at 23 °C 6 1 °C (73.4 °F 6 1.8 °F) or desiccators
containing a saturated salt solution (Note 2) to give the same
relative humidity and temperature.
NOTE 2—A saturated salt solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-
mately 51 % relative humidity at 24.5 °C (see Practice E104).
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Description and Preparation—Bar- or rod-type s
...