ASTM D3505-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
Standard Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 600 mm Hg (0.8 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20oC (60oF).
1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:
Density g/cm3 at 20oC
Density g/ml at 20oC
Relative density 20oC/4oC
Relative density 60oF/60oF (15.56oC/15.56oC)
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.S. gal at 60oF
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.K. gal at 60oF.
Note 1--This test method is based on the old definition of 1 L = 1.000028 dm3 (1 mL = 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word "litre" was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL = 1 cm3 exactly.Note 2--An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method: for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in 7.1.
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Designation: D 3505 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3505; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight
1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the
of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid
D 3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions
Products
are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
exceeding 600 mm Hg (0.8 atm) at the equilibration tempera-
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
ture, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20°C
E 1 Specification of ASTM Thermometers
(60°F).
E 12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the follow-
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
ing units:
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Density g/cm at 20°C
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Density g/ml at 20°C
2.2 Other Document:
Relative density 20°C/4°C
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR, paragraphs 1910.1000 and
Relative density 60°F/60°F (15.56°C/15.56°C)
1910.1200
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.S. gal at 60°F
Commercial density, lb (in air)/U.K. gal at 60°F.
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—This test method is based on the old definition of 1
3.1 Definitions:
3 3
L 5 1.000028 dm (1 mL 5 1.000028 cm ). In 1964 the General Confer-
3.1.1 density—the mass of material per unit volume at a
ence on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and
given temperature called the “reference temperature.” Weight
declared that the word “litre” was a special name for the cubic decimetre,
corrected to a standard acceleration of gravity and corrected for
thus making 1 mL 51cm exactly.
the buoyant effect of air is used to measure mass. This method
NOTE 2—An alternative method for determining relative density of
pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D 4052. specifies the use of a beam balance to determine weight so that
no correction for variation in acceleration of gravity is neces-
1.3 The following applies to all specified limits in this test
sary. When a torsion or spring balance is used, such correction
method: for purposes of determining conformance with this
must be applied.
test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the density of the mate-
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
rial at reference temperature“ t” to the density of pure water, in
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
consistent units, at reference temperature t . It is common
the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.
practice to use reference temperature t equal to t .
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 1 2
3.1.2.1 Since the mass of water at 4°C is very close to 1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
g/mL or 1 g/cm , it is common practice to set the reference
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature t for water at 4°C. When this is done and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
density of the material is given in grams per millilitre, or grams
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
per cubic centimetre, the value of density is very nearly
statements are given in 7.1.
identical to the value for relative density. Thus, density at 20°C
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-16 on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Subcommittee D16.0E on Instrumental Analysis.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 1996. Published March 1996. Originally
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as D 3505 – 76. Last previous edition D 3505 – 91.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402.
D 3505
in g/cm or g/mL, is nearly identical with relative density 4.1 For materials listed in Table 1 the sample is drawn into
20°C/4°C. a weighed and calibrated bicapillary pycnometer. The filler
3.1.3 commercial density—weight per unit volume without
pycnometer is allowed to come to equilibrium at any conve-
correcting for the buoyant effect of air and is limited in this
nient temperature between 10 and 30°C (50 and 86°F). The
document to pounds (in air) per U.S. gallon at 60°F, or pounds
equilibrium temperature is measured to the nearest 0.02°C. The
in air per U.K. gallon at 60°F. This is the density most
weight is determined using a beam balance. The density,
commonly used in commercial transactions in the petroleum
relative density, or commercial density at the desired reference
and coal chemicals industry in the United States and Canada.
temperature is then calculated from the sample weight, a
3.2 The definitions included in Terminology E 12 are appli-
calibration factor proportional to an equal volume of water, and
cable to this test method.
a multiplier which corrects for the buoyancy of air and the
change in volume of the pycnometer and the sample due to
4. Summary of Test Method
deviation from the chosen reference temperature.
NOTE 3—See Appendix for details on the method and derivation of
formulas.
D 3505
TABLE I, PART I 20° C Reference Temperature Multiplier, F20, for use in Computing Density, 12.1
D 3505
TABLE I, PART I Continued
D 3505
TABLE I, PART II 60° F Reference Temperature Multiplier, F60, for use in Computing Density, 12.1
D 3505
TABLE I, PART II Continued
4.2 For liquids not listed in Table 1, the sample is equili- density is then calculated from the sample weight, a calibration
brated at the desired reference temperature, usually 20°C or factor proportional to an equal volume of water and a term
60°F (15.56°C), the density, relative density, or commercial which corrects for the buoyancy of air. In the case of volatile
D 3505
liquids such as pentane, the time between reading of volume at
the equilibrium temperature and weighing must not be pro-
longed, otherwise weight loss through evaporation may result
in errors.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specification, for
use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in develop-
ment or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and
related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for
which expansion functions are known, it may also be used for
liquids for which temperature expansion data are not available,
or for impure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are
observed. Information derived from this test can be used to
describe the relationship between weight and volume.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pycnometer, 9 to 10-mL capacity, conforming to the
dimensions given in Fig. 1, constructed of borosilicate glass,
and having a total weight not exceeding 30 g.
6.2 Bath, having a depth of at least 300 mm, capable of
being maintained constant to 60.02°C at any convenient
temperature between 10°C (50°F) and 30°C (86°F). Provide a
support for the pycnometer (see Fig. 2) constructed of any
suitable noncorrosive metal.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in inches.
FIG. 2 Pycnometer Holder
6.3 Bath Thermometer, An ASTM Precision Thermometer,
having a range from −8 to +32°C and conforming to the
requirements for Thermometer 63C as prescribed in Specifi-
cation E 1.
7. Hazards
7.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material
Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations, for all materials used
in this test method.
8. Sampling
8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice
D 3437.
9. Preparation of Apparatus
NOTE 1—The graduation lines shall extend around the entire circum-
ference of the pycnometer at the integral numbers 0, 1, 2 cm, etc., half way
9.1 Acid Cleaning, for use when the pycnometer is to be
around at the half divisions 0.5, 1.5, etc., and shorter lines for the
calibrated or when liquid fails to drain cleanly from the walls
intermediate subdivisions.
of the pycnometer or its capillary. Thoroughly clean with hot
FIG. 1 Pycnometer
chromic acid solution and rinse well with reagent water
conforming to Type III of Specification D 1193. Other suitable
NOTE 4—If the laboratory air temperature does not vary more than
cleaning procedures may be used. Dry at 105 to 110°C for at
0.02°C during temperature equilibration a special bath is not needed.
least 1 h, preferably with a slow current of filtered air passing
through the pycnometer.
9.2 Solvent Cleaning, for use between determinations. Rinse
For a more complete discussion on the use of this design pycnometer, see
with toluene and then with anhydrous acetone, drying with a
Lipken, Davidson, Harvey and Kurtz, Industrial Engineering Chemistry, Analytical
Edition; Vol 16, 1944, p. 55. filtered stream of dry air.
D 3505
10. Calibration of Apparatus 11. Procedure
11.1 Weigh the clean, dry pycnometer to 0.1 mg and record
10.1 Using the procedure described in Section 11, determine
the weight.
the weight of freshly boiled reagent water conforming to Type
11.2 With the sample at approximately the test temperature,
III of Specification D 1193 held by the pycnometer with the
fill the pycnometer by holding it in an upright position and
water level at each of three different scale points on the
placing the hooked tip in the sample; the liquid will then be
graduated arms. Two of these water levels must be at opposite
drawn over the bend in the capillary by surface tension. Allow
ends of the scale. Make all weighings on the same day, using
the pycnometer to fill by siphoning (about 1 min) and break the
the same balance and weights.
p
siphon when the liquid level in the bulb arm of the pycnometer
10.2 Calculate the volume, V , at each scale point tested
T
reaches the lowest graduation mark.
by means of the following equation; carry all calculations in 6
11.3 Thoroughly dry the wet tip. Wipe the body of the
non-zero digits and round to 4 decimal places:
pycnometer with a chemically clean, lint-free cloth slightly
p w w
Pycnometer capacity, V ,mL 5 A 3 ~W /d ! 1 B~T 2 t! (1)
T t
damp with water (Note 4) and weigh the filled pycnometer to
the nearest 0.1 mg.
where:
A 5 air buoyancy coefficient, a constant for the tempera-
NOTE 5—In atmospheres below 60 % relative humidity, drying the
ture range involved 5 1.001064 pycnometer by rubbing with a dry cotton cloth will induce static charges
p
equivalent to a loss of about 1 mg or more in the weight of the
V 5 volume of pycnometer at reference temperature, T
T
w
pycnometer. This charge may not be completely dissipated in less than ⁄2,
W 5 weight of water in air, contained in the pycnometer,
and can be detected by touching the pycnometer to the wire hook in the
g
w balance and then drawing it away slowly. If the pycnometer exhibits an
d 5 density of water at t (see Table 2)
t
attraction for the wire hook, it may be considered to have a static charge.
t 5 test temperature, °C
T 5 reference temperature, 20°C or 15.56°C, and 11.4 Place the pycnometer in the holder in a constant-
B 5 volumetric coefficient of expansion of 9.5 mL of a temperature bath held at any convenient temperature 10 and
−5
borosilicate glass pycnometer, 9.26276 3 10 mL/
30°C within 60.02°C; for materials not listed in Table 1, hold
°C. the bath exactly at the desired reference temperature, usually
15.56°C or 20°C. When the liquid level has reached tempera-
10.3 Prepare a calibration curve by plotting apparent vol-
ture equilibrium (usually in about 10 min) and while still in the
ume, V , that is, the sum of the scale readings on the two arms
A
bath, read the scale to the nearest 0.2 small division at the
of the pycnometer against the corresponding calculated vol-
p
liquid level in each arm.
ume, V . If a straight line cannot be drawn through the three
T
points, discard the data and determine three additional points
12. Calculation
so that a straight calibration line can be drawn such that no data
12.1 Table 1 Materials—Compute the density or relative
point lies more than 0.0002-mL units from the line. If neither
density, or both, by means of the following equations:
set of data meets the condition, the diameters of the graduated
s
capillary arms are not sufficiently uniform, and the pycnometer
W
Density, g/mL at 60°F 5 3 F 1 0.00121 (2)
p
should be discarded.
V
10.4 From the curve obtained, prepare a table of apparent
s
W
volume, V , (sum of scale readings of both arms), as apparent Density, g/mL at 20°C 5 3 F 1 0.00121 (3)
A p 20
V
p
volume against corresponding calculated volumes, V ,in
T
s
W
increments of 0.0001 mL. Label this table with the reference
Density, g/cm at 20°C 5 F 1 0.00121 0.99997 (4)
F p 20 G
temperature to which it applies. V
A
TABLE 2 Density of Water , g/ml
t,° C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.56 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
15 0.999 13 11 10 08 07 05 04 04 02 00 *99
16 0.998 97 96 94 92 91 89 87 86 84 82
17 80 79 77 75 73 72 70 68 66 64
18 62 61 59 57 55 53 51 49 47 45
19 43 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 27 25
20 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 09 07 04
21 02 00 *98 *96 *93 *91 *89 *87 *85 *82
22 0.997 80 78 75 73 71 69 66 64 62 59
23 57 54 52 50 47 45 42 40 38 35
24 33 30 28 25 23 20 18 15 13 10
25 08 05 02 00 *97 *95 *92 *89 *87 *84
26 0.996 81 79 76 73 71 68 65 63 60 57
27 54 52 49 46 43 41 38 35 32 29
28 26 24 21 18 15 12 09 06 03 00
29 0.995 98 95 92 89 86 83 80 77 74 72
30 68 65 62 59 56 53 50 46 43 40
A
Abstracted from Tilton and Taylor, U.S. National Burea
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